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EC number: 205-463-4 | CAS number: 141-16-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Skin irritation/corrosion (OECD 439): not irritating
Eye irritation (OECD 437): non-corrosive
Eye irritation (OECD 492): not irritating
Overall conclusion for eye irritation based on available studies: not irritating
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 28 Apr - 6 Jun 2016
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 439 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Test Method)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 28 Jul 2015
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.46 (In Vitro Skin Irritation: Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Commission Regulation 440/2008 of 30 May 2008, 1st ATP 2009
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Hess. Ministerium für Umwelt, Klimaschutz, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Test system:
- human skin model
- Source species:
- human
- Cell type:
- non-transformed keratinocytes
- Cell source:
- other: EpiDerm™ (EPI-200)
- Source strain:
- not specified
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on test system:
- RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN EPIDERMIS (RHE) TISSUE
- Model used: EpiDerm™ (EPI-200) (MatTek Corporation, Bratislava, Slovakia)
- Tissue batch number: 23339
- Delivery date: 31 May 2016
- Date of initiation of testing: 31 May 2016
TEMPERATURE USED FOR TEST SYSTEM
- Temperature used during treatment / exposure: 37 ± 1.5 °C for 35 min in the incubator; thereafter at room temperature for 25 min in a sterile bench
REMOVAL OF TEST MATERIAL AND CONTROLS
-Volume and number of washing steps: Tissues were gently rinsed with DPBS at least 15 times in order to remove any residual test material. After the rinsing the inserts were submerged in DPBS at least 3 times. Afterwards the inserts were once again rinsed with DPBS from the inside and the outside.
MTT DYE USED TO MEASURE TISSUE VIABILITY AFTER TREATMENT / EXPOSURE
- MTT concentration: 1 mg/mL
- Incubation time: 3 h
- Spectrophotometer: microplate reader (Versamax, Molecular Devices, Softmax Pro v.4.7.1)
- Wavelength: 570 nm
FUNCTIONAL MODEL CONDITIONS WITH REFERENCE TO HISTORICAL DATA
- Viability: The quality of the EpiDerm tissue was assessed by undertaking an MTT cell viability test. The determined OD (540 - 570 nm) was 1.57 ± 0.057 (acceptance criteria: 1.0 - 3.0).
- Barrier function: The barrier function was assessed by determination of the exposure time required to reduce tissue viability by 50% (ET-50) upon application of 100 µL of 1% Triton X-100. The ET-50 value was determined to be 6.51 h (acceptance criteria: 4.77-8.72 h).
- Contamination: The cells used to produce the EpiDerm tissue were screened for the presence of viruses, bacteria, yeast and other fungi.
NUMBER OF REPLICATE TISSUES: 3
CONTROL TISSUES USED IN CASE OF MTT DIRECT INTERFERENCE
Since the test substance did not directly reduce MTT, an additional test with freeze-killed tissues was not performed.
NUMBER OF INDEPENDENT TEST SEQUENCES / EXPERIMENTS TO DERIVE FINAL PREDICTION: single experiment
PREDICTION MODEL / DECISION CRITERIA
- The test substance is considered to be irritant to skin if the viability after 1 hour exposure is less than 50%. - Control samples:
- yes, concurrent negative control
- yes, concurrent positive control
- Amount/concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount applied: 30 µL
NEGATIVE CONTROL
- Amount applied: 30 µL
POSITIVE CONTROL
- Amount applied: 30 µL
- Concentration: 5% aqueous solution - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 60 min
- Duration of post-treatment incubation (if applicable):
- approximately 42 h
- Number of replicates:
- triplicates for each treatment and control group
- Irritation / corrosion parameter:
- % tissue viability
- Remarks:
- mean value of 3 tissues
- Run / experiment:
- 60 minutes exposure
- Value:
- 106.8
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- OTHER EFFECTS:
- Direct-MTT reduction: The test substance did not interfere with the MTT assay (no reducing capacity).
ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: After treatment with the negative control the absorbance values (1.562, 1.994 and 1.986) were in the range of the required acceptability criterion of mean OD ≥ 0.8 and ≤ 2.8 for the 60 min treatment.
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: Exposure to the positive control induced a decrease in the relative absorbance as compared to the negative control to 4.3% thus confirming the validity of the test system.
- Acceptance criteria met for variability between replicate measurements: The standard deviations of the 3 identical replicates of the test substance and negative control were < 14%. Since the blank corrected absorption values of the positive control were very low (values between 0.061 and 0.089) compared with the test substance and negative control values, the acceptance criteria “% variability values in the main test were < 18%” was slightly exceeded (19%). Due to the clear positive result of the positive control, this circumstance does not affect the integrity of the study. - Interpretation of results:
- other: CLP/EU GHS criteria not met, no classification required according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the reconstructed human epidermis test the test substance does not possess any skin irritating potential.
- Executive summary:
After treatment with the test item CITRONELLYL BUTYRATE the mean relative absorbance value did not decrease (106.8%) compared to the negative control. This value is above the threshold for irritancy of ≤ 50%. Therefore, the test item is not considered to possess an irritant potential.
Reference
Table 2. Results after treatment with the test substance and controls
Test group |
Mean absorbance at 570 nm* |
Rel. absorbance (%)** |
Rel. SD (%) |
Mean Rel. absorbance (% of negative control)*** |
||||
Tissue 1 |
Tissue 2 |
Tissue 3 |
Tissue 1 |
Tissue 2 |
Tissue 3 |
|||
Negative control |
1.525 |
1.957 |
1.950 |
84.2 |
108.1 |
107.7 |
13.7 |
100.0 |
Positive control |
0.061 |
0.082 |
0.089 |
3.4 |
4.6 |
4.9 |
19.0 |
4.3 |
Test substance |
2.034 |
1.958 |
1.811 |
112.3 |
108.1 |
100.0 |
5.9 |
106.8 |
* Mean of three replicate wells after blank correction
** Relative absorbance per tissue (rounded values): 100 × (absorbance tissue) / (mean absorbance negative control)
*** Relative absorbance per treatment group (rounded values): 100 × (mean absorbance test substance/positive control) / (mean absorbance negative control)
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 14 - 17 Jun 2016
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 492 (Reconstructed Human Cornea-like Epithelium (RhCE) Test Method for Identifying Chemicals Not Requiring Classification and Labelling for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)
- Version / remarks:
- Jul 2015
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Hess. Ministerium für Umwelt, Klimaschutz, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Species:
- human
- Strain:
- other: EpiOcular™
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent positive control
- yes, concurrent negative control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount applied: 50 µL
NEGATIVE CONTROL
- Amount applied: 50 µL
POSITIVE CONTROL
- Amount applied: 50 µL - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 30 min
- Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):
- 120 min
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- in duplicates for each treatment and control group
- Details on study design:
- - RhCE tissue construct used, including batch number: EpiOcular™ tissue (MatTek In Vitro Life Science Laboratories, Bratislava, Slovakia), batch number: 23714
- Viability: The quality of the final product was assessed by undertaking an MTT cell viability test. The determined OD (540 - 570 nm) was 1.836 ± 0.282 (acceptance criteria: 1.1 - 3.0).
- Barrier function: The barrier function was assessed by determination of the exposure time required to reduce tissue viability by 50% (ET-50) upon application of 100 µL of 0.3% Triton X-100. The ET-50 value was determined to be 20.48 min (acceptance criteria: 12.2 - 37.5 min).
- Contamination: The cells used to produce the EpiOcular tissue were screened for the presence of viruses, bacteria, yeast and other fungi.
- Duration and temperature of exposure, post-exposure immersion and post-exposure incubation periods: 30 min exposure, 12 min post-exposure immersion and 120 min post-exposure incubation at 37 °C
- Indication of controls used for direct MTT-reducers and/or colouring test chemicals: The ability of the test substance to directly reduce MTT and to form a blue/purple reaction product was assessed in a pre-experiment. Since the MTT solution colour did not turn blue/purple, the test substance is not presumed to have reduced the MTT. An additional test with freeze-killed tissues did not have to be performed.
- Number of tissue replicates used per test chemical and controls: 2
- Description of the method used to quantify MTT formazan: The absorbance at 570 nm of each well was measured with a plate reader (Versamax Molecular Devices, Ismaning, Germany). No reference wavelength measurement was used.
- Description of evaluation criteria used including the justification for the selection of the cut-off point for the prediction model: The test substance was considered to be not irritating to eye if the tissue viability after 30 min exposure, 12 min post-exposure immersion and 120 min post-exposure incubation is >60% relative to the negative control treated tissue.
- Acceptance criteria: The results are acceptable if the negative control OD is >0.8 and <2.5 and if the mean relative viability of the positive control is below 50% of the negative control viability.
- Reference to historical data of the RhCE tissue construct: Historical control data was used to assess the validity of the test.
- Acceptable variability between tissue replicates for the test chemical, positive and negative controls: The difference of viability between the two relating tissues of a single test substance is < 20% in the same run. - Irritation parameter:
- other: % tissue viability
- Remarks:
- mean value of 2 tissues
- Run / experiment:
- 30 min exposure
- Value:
- 98.6
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- - OTHER OBSERVATIONS:
The optical pre-experiment (colour interference pre-experiment) to investigate the colour change potential of the test substance in water or isopropanol did not led to a change in colour. Optical evaluation of the MTT-reducing capacity of the test substance with MTT-reagent did not show blue colour.
ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: The negative control OD (2.118 and 2.013) was in the range of > 0.8 and < 2.5.
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: Treatment with the positive control induced a decrease in the mean relative absorbance compared with the negative control to 34.9%, thus the validity of the test system is ensured.
The difference of viability between the two relating tissues of a single substance is < 20% (values between 5.1% to 17.7%) in the same run (for positive and negative control tissues and tissues of single test substance). - Interpretation of results:
- other: CLP/EU GHS criteria not met, no classification required according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the conducted test, the test substance did not exhibit irritating properties towards human-derived epidermal keratinocytes in the EpiOcular™ model.
- Executive summary:
Irritating effects were not observed following incubation with CITRONELLYL BUTYRATE. Compared with the value of the negative control the relative mean absorption value corresponding to the viability of the tissues did not decrease below 60% (98.6%).
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 27 Apr 2016
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)
- Version / remarks:
- July 2013
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Hess. Ministerium für Umwelt, Klimaschutz, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Species:
- cattle
- Strain:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- SOURCE OF COLLECTED EYES
- Source: Odenwaldschlachthof Brensbach, Brensbach, Germany
- Characteristics of donor animals: at least 9 month old
- Storage, temperature and transport conditions of ocular tissue: The isolated eyes were transported in Hank's Buffered Salt Solution (HBSS) at ambient temperature.
- Time interval prior to initiating testing: The corneae were isolated on the same day after delivery of the eyes and directly used in the BCOP test.
- Indication of any existing defects or lesions in ocular tissue samples: All eyes were carefully examined macroscopically for defects. Those presenting defects such as vascularization, pigmentation, opacity and scratches were discarded. - Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent positive control
- yes, concurrent negative control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount applied: 0.75 mL
POSITIVE CONTROL
- Amount applied: 0.75 mL
NEGATIVE CONTROL
- Amount applied: 0.75 mL - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 10 min at 32 ± 1 °C
- Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):
- 2 h
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- in triplicates for each treatment and control group
- Details on study design:
- SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF CORNEAS:
The cornea was carefully removed from the eye using scalpel and rounded scissors. A rim of about 2 mm of tissue (sclera) was left for stability and handling of the isolated cornea. Each cornea was mounted in a specially designed cornea holder.
QUALITY CHECK OF THE ISOLATED CORNEAS:
At the end of the equilibration period, the basal opacity was determined (t0). Each cornea with a value of the basal opacity >7 was discarded.
TREATMENT METHOD:
The cornea holder consists of anterior and posterior compartments, which interface with the epithelial and endothelial sides of the cornea, respectively. The endothelial side of the cornea was positioned against the sealing ring (O-ring) of the posterior part of the holder. The cornea was gently flattened over the O-ring but stretching was avoided. The anterior part of the holder was positioned on the top of the cornea and fixed in place with screws. Both compartments of the holder were filled with incubation medium. The posterior compartment was filled first to return the cornea to its natural convex position. After equilibration for about 1 hour, the anterior compartment received the test substance or the controls on the surface of the corneae. The corneae were incubated in a horizontal position at 32 ± 1 °C in the water-bath for 10 minutes.
NUMBER OF REPLICATES: 3 corneae per test group
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE:
- The test substance was rinsed off from the application side with saline.
- POST-EXPOSURE INCUBATION: 2 h in a vertical position
METHODS FOR MEASURED ENDPOINTS:
- Corneal opacity: Corneal opacity was determined by the amount of light transmission through the cornea via an opacitometer (OP_KiT opacitometer, Electro Design, France).
- Corneal permeability: The passage of sodium fluorescein dye was measured with the aid of a microplate reader (Versamax Molecular Devices) at 490 nm (OD490).
SCORING SYSTEM: In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS), IVIS = opacity value + (15x OD490 value)
DECISION CRITERIA:
Test substance with an IVIS > 55 was regarded as serious eye damage and labelled Category 1 according to CLP/EPS/GHS.
Test substance with an IVIS ≤ 3 was regarded as non-irritant and labelled in no category.
Test substance with an IVIS > 3; ≤ 55 no prediction can be made. - Irritation parameter:
- in vitro irritation score
- Run / experiment:
- mean value of 3 corneae
- Value:
- 4.91
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- With the negative control (0.9% (w/v) NaCl solution in deionised water) neither an increase of opacity nor permeability of the corneae could be observed (mean IVIS = 1.05).
The positive control (2-ethoxyethanol) showed clear opacity and distinctive permeability of the corneae (mean IVIS = 76.53) corresponding to a classification as serious eye damaging.
Relative to the negative control, the test substance caused a slight increase of the corneal opacity but no increase in permeability (mean IVIS = 4.91). No prediction for the damage hazard of the test substance can be made.
ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: The negative control resulted in opacity and permeability values that were less than the established upper limits for background opacity and permeability values for bovine corneae treated with the respective negative control.
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: The positive control resulted in an IVIS which was within two standard deviations of the current historical mean. - Interpretation of results:
- other: non-corrosive
- Remarks:
- according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008
- Conclusions:
- The irritation potential of the test substance was assessed in the BCOP assay. Application of the test substance to bovine corneae resulted in a calculated mean IVIS of 4.91. According to OECD Guideline 437 the test substance is not serious eye damaging (Eye Dam. 1) but a prediction for the damage hazard cannot be made.
- Executive summary:
Relative to the negative control, the test item CITRONELLYL BUTYRATE caused an slight increase of the corneal opacity but no increase in permeability. The calculated mean in vitro irritancy score was 4.91.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 2. Results after 10 min incubation time.
Test group |
Opacity value = |
Permeability at 490 nm (OD490) |
IVIS |
Mean IVIS |
||
|
Mean |
|
Mean |
|
|
|
Negative control |
0 |
0 |
0.077 |
0.070 |
1.16 |
1.05 |
0 |
0.076 |
1.14 |
||||
0 |
0.057 |
0.86 |
||||
Positive control |
48* |
1.153* |
65.30 |
76.53 |
||
58* |
1.239* |
76.59 |
||||
61* |
1.781* |
87.72 |
||||
Test substance |
6* |
-0.010* |
5.58 |
4.91 |
||
4* |
-0.014* |
3.76 |
||||
5* |
0.006* |
5.09 |
*: corrected values
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Skin
The skin irritation potential of the test substance was determined by an in vitro skin irritation test using a human skin model according to OECD Guideline 439 and in compliance with GLP (2016). After treatment with the test item the mean relative absorbance value did not decrease (106.8%) compared to the negative control. Therefore, the test substance is not considered to possess skin irritating properties.
Eye
The eye irritation/corrosion potential of the test substance was determined by a bovine corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP) test according to OECD Guideline 437 and in compliance with GLP (2016). Application of the test substance to bovine corneae resulted in a calculated mean IVIS of 4.91. According to OECD Guideline 437, the test substance is not serious eye damaging but a prediction for the damage hazard cannot be made.
To exclude irritating properties towards the eyes, an in vitro eye irritation test using a human cornea model according to OECD Guideline 492 and in compliance with GLP was conducted (2016). In this study the test substance did not possess irritating properties towards human-derived epidermal keratinocytes.
In conclusion, based on the available in vitro tests on eye damage/eye irritation, the test substance is not considered to be irritating to the eyes.
Justification for classification or non-classification
The available data on skin and eye irritation do not meet the criteria for classification according to Regulation (EC) 1272/2008, and are therefore conclusive but not sufficient for classification.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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