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EC number: 203-439-8 | CAS number: 106-89-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Exposure related observations in humans: other data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- exposure-related observations in humans: other data
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- not stated
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: This study was conducted prior to GLP and test guidelines, but sufficient data is available for interpretation of results
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 977
Materials and methods
- Type of study / information:
- A prospective cytogenetic study was conducted in 35 workers occupationally exposed to epichlorohydrin.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A prospective cytogenetic study was conducted in 35 workers occupationally exposed to epichlorohydrin. Blood samples for cytogenetic analysis were collected before the exposure (to serve as a control) and after the first and second years of epichlorohydrin exposure; the cultivation time was 56-58 hours. Four slides from each worker were prepared and two slides were separately analyzed in two collaborating cytogenetic laboratories. About 50 cells were analyzed on each slide.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane
- EC Number:
- 203-439-8
- EC Name:
- 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane
- Cas Number:
- 106-89-8
- Molecular formula:
- C3H5ClO
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane
- Details on test material:
- Workers were producing epichlorohydrin in a new plant
Constituent 1
Method
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- Blood samples were taken from a group of 35 workers (23 to 54 years old) in three time intervals. The first samples, used as control, were collected just before work started in a newly opened chemical plant producing ECH. The second sampling from the same persons was done after one years exposure and the third set of samples was received after two years exposure. All workers were generally healthy and were neither irradiated nor treated with other known mutagens, including drugs.
- Details on exposure:
- The workers were exposed to high doses of ECH, ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 mg/m3. So this dose on average exceeded the occupational maximal acceptable concentration value recommended for ECH in Czechoslovakia.
Results and discussion
- Results:
- Since results of cytogenetic analyses done separately in two laboratories were not significantly different, they were pooled. The average percentage of aberrant cells found in blood samples collected before the start of ECH production was 1.37. This percentage did not differ from the level of aberrant cells spontaneously occurring in human peripheral lymphocytes as reported in a complex study concerned with the incidence of spontaneous chromosomal aberrations in human populations (Bochkov, N.P. (1972)).
After the first year of exposure to ECH, the average frequency of chromosomal aberrations was 1.91%, this percentage being significantly higher than before the exposure (X2 = 5.0, P =0.025).
After the second year of exposure, the frequency of aberrant cells was 2.69% and was again significantly higher than after the first year of exposure (X2 = 8.0, P = 0.005). The difference between the control level and this percentage was highly significant (X2 = 24.0, P<0.0001).
It was mostly chromatid and chormosomal breaks that made up the increasing number of aberrant cells, while chormatid and chromsomal exchanges appeared to be rare in all types of samples.
The increase of aberrations per 100 cells was also clearly evident as well as the increase of breaks per 100 cells which was even more distinctly expressed than the increase of aberrant cells.
Bochkov, N.P. Spontaneous chromosomal aberrations in human somatic cells. Humangenetik. 16:159-164.
Any other information on results incl. tables
These results confirm the assumption that ECH, at dose levels exceeding the current exposure guideline has a mutagenic effect on chromosomes in the peripheral lymphocytes of persons occupationally exposed to ECH.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Positive - An increased incidence of chromatd and chromosomal breaks was observed in workers exposed to levels higher than the exposure guideline.
- Executive summary:
A prospective cytogenetic study was conducted in 35 workers occupationally exposed to epichlorohydrin (ECH). Blood samples for cytogenetic analysis were collected before the exposure (to serve as a control) and after the first and second years of ECH exposure; the cultivation time was 56 -58 hours. Four slides from each worker were prepared, coded and two of them separately analyzed in two collaborating cytogenetic laboratories. About 50 cells were analyzed on each slide, giving a total 16,674 scored cells.
The percentage of cells with chromsomal aberrations in blood samples of workers was 1.37 before exposure, 1.91 after the first year and 2.69 after the second year of exposure. The difference between percentages of aberrant cells before and after two years of occupational exposure was highly significant (P<0.0001). There was particularly observed an increase of chromatid and chormosomal breaks after exposure, simultaneously with an increased number of breaks per 100 cells. These results are concordant with previously reported cytogenetic data found in experiments with mammals and human cells in vitro.
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