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EC number: 240-383-3 | CAS number: 16291-96-6 An amorphous form of carbon produced by partially burning or oxidizing wood or other organic matter.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
For the physico-chemical studies three representative charcoal probes with different carbon content were chosen:
Probe 1: C-Fix = 73.3%, Probe 2: C-Fix = 80.5%, and Probe 3: C-Fix = 88.7%.
The results of the physico-chemical studies are summarized in Table 1. The respective robust study summaries and endpoint summaries are given in IUCLID sections 4.1-4.22.
Table 1 Overview of physico-chemical data of charcoal
IUCLID section | Endpoint | Result
| ||
Probe 1 | Probe 2 | Probe 3 | ||
4.1 | Appearance / physical state / colour | black, porous solid | ||
4.2 | Melting point / freezing point | could not be determined under the experimental conditions (≤1095 °C) | ||
4.3 | Boiling point | Study was waived1 | ||
4.4 | Relative density | 1.4127 Fraction ≤25 µm | 1.5000 Fraction ≤25 µm | 1.4554 Fraction ≤25 µm |
4.5 | Particle size distribution (granulometry) | < 100 µm: 0.53% to 0.87% <10 µm: 0.05% to 0.29% | ||
4.6 | Vapour pressure | Study was waived2 | ||
4.7 | Partition coefficient | <0.3 – 1.474 (at 25°C and pH 5.5) | ||
4.8 | Water solubility | <1 mg/L (21.3°C) | 4.6 mg/L (22.4 °C) | <1 mg/L (22.5°C) |
4.10 | Surface tension | Study was waived3 | ||
4.11 | Flash point | Study was waived4 | ||
4.12 | Auto flammability | 230°C | 263°C | 267°C |
4.13 | Flammability | Non-flammable | ||
4.14 | Explosiveness | Non-explosive | ||
4.15 | Oxidising properties | Not oxidising | ||
4.22 | Viscosity | Study was waived5 |
1 Determination of the boiling point is not needed in accordance with REACh Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006, Annex VII, 7.3., column 2 as the test substance is a solid which melts above 300°C. In a melting point study with charcoal, no melting was observed up to 1,000°C, only ashing/burning (see IUCLID section 4.2).
2 Determination of the vapour pressure is not needed in accordance with REACh Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006, Annex VII, 7.5., column 2, as the melting point of the test substance was >300°C.
3 The surface tension study is not needed in accordance with REACh Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006, Annex VII, 7.6., column 2, as surface tension is generally a property of liquids and charcoal is highly insoluble in water. Please, see IUCLID section 4.8 for the results of the water solubility study.
4 The flash point is a property of liquids and is not applied to solids. Since charcoal is solid, information on flash-point is not required (see chapter 7A, section R.7.1.9, pp115 of the ECHA guidance document on information requirements for the CSR). In addition, according to GC-MS results from charcoal as such and an organic extract of charcoal only traces of some volatile organic compounds were detectable at room temperature (see IUCLID section 1.4: Analytical information: GC-MS screening of charcoal extracts).
5 Viscosity is relevant only to liquids. Therefore, for charcoal (melting point >1000°C) this determination is not required (according to guidance R.7A).
Based on the results of the flammability, explosiveness and oxidising properties charcoal was not classified as being flammable, explosive or oxidising as described in the current EU-CLP regulation.
The test method A.16 (EC) No 440/2008 “self-ignition temperature” checks for self-heating properties. Although charcoal is auto-flammable under the conditions of the test, the result does not lead to a classification as self-heating substance, because the test is generally inappropriate for a sound assessment according to REACh “guidance on the application of CLP” p.145. Further testing is required for assessment.
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