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EC number: 215-200-5 | CAS number: 1312-81-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biological effects monitoring
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biological effects monitoring
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well documented publication which meets basic scientific principles
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Concentrations of rare earth elements in sediments, mussels and fish from a danisch marine environment, Lillebaelt
- Author:
- Drabaek, I. et al.
- Year:
- 1 987
- Bibliographic source:
- Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 114(1): 29-38
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Results for the content of the rare earth elements (REE), La, Ce, Nd, Sin, Eu, Tb, Yb and Lu in sediments, mussels and fish are presented for an area polluted by REE. The REE are emitted with the process waste water stream from a fertilizer production plant. The method of analysis has been instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). An attempt to combine the INAA with a simple destruction/preconcentration method is described.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of study / information:
- Results for the content of the rare earth elements (REE), La, Ce, Nd, Sin, Eu, Tb, Yb and Lu in sediments, mussels and fish are presented for an area polluted by REE. The REE are emitted with the process waste water stream from a fertilizer production plant.
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Reference substance 001
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): rare earth elements (RRE), sectioned in La, Ce, Nd, Sin, Eu, Tb, Yb and Lu
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
In general La, Ce, and Nd account for more than 90% of the total REE content in the discharged process waste water. The concentrations are typically La 43 mg/kg, Ce 70 mg/kg and Nd 20 mg/kg. On a yearly basis the total discharge of REE into the recipient is calculated to 300 - 400 t.
Due to the acidic nature of the process waste water (pH 1 - 2) the REE probably occure in this as ions. REE, however, are very prone to precipitation as hydroxides when discharged into sea water.
At very high dilutions, e.g. 1/2500 - 1/10000, the half-life (time passed until 50% of the tracer had precipitated) was in the order of
hours. The discharge arrangement has carefully been constructed in order to attain such high dilution rates very quickly, and it could therefore be expected that the discharged REE would be dispersed in a relatively large area before sedimentation as hydroxides.
Sediment:
La concentrations in sediment top (0 -2 cm) and bottom (14 -16 cm) samples are in a range of 48.6 and 86.4 mg/kg dry matter and in a range of 23.7 and 31.1 mg/kg dry matter, respectively (4 positions in a distance of approx. 10 - 20 km from the discharge, measurements in two years). The difference between the La-concentrations in the top and the bottom layer indicated the pollution of the top layer.
La concentrations in the sediments of the control area are not shown.
Mussels:
In spite of the relatively high REE-concentrations no differences are found between the mussels (Cyprina islandica) from the polluted sediments and the control mussels from an area with no record of REE pollution. Compared to the REE content in the sediments the REE in the mussels constitute only a few percentages. From laboratory experiments it is known that Cyprina islandica is well capable of accumulating REE when these occur as ions. It therefore seems possible that the relatively low uptake from the sediments, with a high REE content, might be due to the chemical form of the REE in the sediments.
The same effects were observed when the REE concentrations in Mytilus edulis were analysed: no significant differences were found between geographical positions or between shore and buoy mussels.
The authors stated, that although the waste water emitted REE are distributed over a wide area, the bioavailability seems to be very low.
Cyprina islandica: 1.96 - 2.12 mg La/kg dry matter for recipient sediment accumulation area; 2.69 mg La/kg dry matter for control area
Mytilus edulis: 0.73 +/- 0.33 mg La/kg dry matter for different sampling positions over a large geographical area
Fish:
For the analysis of fish (flounder) the detection limits offered by the INAA method have not been sufficient. No results have therefore been produced, even on fish feeded in aquariums with special REE containing feed.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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