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EC number: 284-366-9 | CAS number: 84852-53-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial plants
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Jan 2, 2004 to July 13, 2005
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: study performed according to international guidelines and GLPS using commercial product and published in the literature.
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 005
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Terrestrial toxicity evaluation of decabromodiphenyl ethane on organisms from three trophic levels.
- Author:
- Hardy et al.
- Year:
- 2 011
- Bibliographic source:
- Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 74(4):703-10.
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Results of terrestrial and aquatic studies on the brominated flame retardant, decabromodiphenyl ethane, a.k.a. Ethane 1,2 bis(pentabromophenyl)
- Author:
- Hardy et al.
- Year:
- 2 009
- Bibliographic source:
- SETAC Annual Meeting, Nov 2009, New Orleans, LA
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.4100 (Terrestrial Plant Toxicity Tier I (seedling emergence))
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 850.4225 (Seedling Emergence Tier II)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants Test: Seedling Emergence and Seedling Growth Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 1,1'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis[pentabromobenzene]
- EC Number:
- 284-366-9
- EC Name:
- 1,1'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis[pentabromobenzene]
- Cas Number:
- 84852-53-9
- Molecular formula:
- C14H4Br10
- IUPAC Name:
- 1,2,3,4,5-pentabromo-6-[2-(2,3,4,5,6-pentabromophenyl)ethyl]benzene
- Details on test material:
- The test substance was 97.53% DBDPEthane with 2.08% Nonabromodiphenyl Ethane as impurity.
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Test article concentrations were determined in soil at study initiation.
Test substrate
- Vehicle:
- no
Test organisms
open allclose all
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Details on test organisms:
- The plant test species and source were as follows: corn (Zea mays) and Soybean (Glycine max), Johnny’s Selected Seeds, Albion, ME; onion (Allium cepa), Henry Field’s Seed and Nursery, Aurora, IN; ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), Meyer Seed Co., Baltimore, MD; and cucumber (Cucumis sativa), Park Seed Wholesale, Greenwood, SC. Seeds were not treated with fungicides, insecticides or repellents prior to test initiation.
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Species:
- Glycine max (G. soja)
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Species:
- Lolium perenne
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Species:
- Lycopersicon esculentum
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Species:
- Allium cepa
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
Study design
- Test type:
- seedling emergence toxicity / vegetative vigour test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- artificial soil
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- no
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- see below
- pH:
- see below
- Moisture:
- see below
- Details on test conditions:
- see below
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0, 391, 781, 1,563, 3,125 and 6,250 mg/ kg dry soil
Measured:- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Species:
- Zea mays
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 6 250 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: seedling emergence and growth
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3 125 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: survival
- Species:
- Allium cepa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 563 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: height, dry weight
- Species:
- Lolium perenne
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 6 250 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: seedling emergence and growth
- Species:
- Glycine max (G. soja)
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 6 250 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: seedling emergence and growth
- Species:
- Lycopersicon esculentum
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 3 125 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Height, dry weight
- Details on results:
- In the seedling emergence tests, the measured concentration of DBDEthane in the matrix blank was < LOQ (100 mg/kg). The matrix fortification samples at 350 and 6500 mg/kg ranged from 89-100% of nominal with the lowest recovery at the highest dose level. DBDPEthane was not detected in the control soil (
Inadequate emergence of control onion and tomato seedlings resulted in a repeated test in these two species; final results represent the repeated test. The irrigation tube supplying water to one tomato replicate (1,563 mg/kg) was inadvertently removed from the tray during the test so that seedlings were not watered. This replicate was dropped from statistical analysis of height and dry weight due to non-treatment-related reductions.
No effects were observed on any endpoint in corn, ryegrass and soybean. Any reductions in mean height and weight relative to the control mean were not dose-responsive and incidental to treatment. At 6,250 mg/kg, survival in cucumbers was 18% lower than the controls (p<0.05). Onion mean height was reduced 22 and 24% relative to the control in the 3,125 and 6,250 mg/kg groups, respectively (p<0.05). Weight was also reduced by 32 and 30% at these dose levels. Height and dry weight of tomatoes were reduced at the high dose (p<0.5).
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Seedling emergence, survival, mean shoot weight, and seedling height were compared using the General Linear Model procedure of SAS version 8 and Dunnett’s post-test (p<0.05). Seedling emergence was defined as the number of emerged seedlings per ten planted seeds in each pot. Survival was the number of living seedlings in each pot per ten planted seeds. Mean shoot weight was the average dry shoot weight of living emerged seedlings in each pot. Height was the average height of living emerged seedlings in each pot. The NOEC and LOEC for condition and growth were also determined. The LOEC was the lowest concentration showing an adverse effect on a variable of interest, whereas the NOAEC is the maximum test concentration showing no adverse phytotoxic effects. Dunnett’s test was used to aid in establishing these concentration by determining which treatment groups differed significantly from the control group.
Any other information on results incl. tables
In the seedling emergence tests, the measured concentration of DBDEthane in the matrix blank was < LOQ (100 mg/kg). The matrix fortification samples at 350 and 6500 mg/kg ranged from 89-100% of nominal with the lowest recovery at the highest dose level. DBDPEthane was not detected in the control soil (<LOQ of 100 mg/kg). Soil concentrations at test initiation were 94-102%, 94-101%, 93-110%, 86-99%, and 75-97% of nominal in the 391, 781, 1,563, 3,125 and 6,250 mg/kg groups, respectively. The range of soil concentrations at each dose level is derived from measured concentrations in the original corn, soybean, ryegrass, and cucumber tests and the repeated onion and tomato tests that experienced low control emergence.
The temperature, relative humidity (%RH) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (mean ± standard deviation) experienced by the corn, soybean, cucumber and ryegrass seedlings over the course of the study were 20.78 ± 1.08ºC, 29.37 ± 10.48 % and 8.3 ±0.7 moles, respectively. Environmental conditions experienced by tomato seedlings were 26.04 ± 1.85ºC, 63.37 ± 7.34 %RH, and 8.8 ± 1.3 moles PAR. Onion experienced 25.57 ± 1.60ºC, 73.52 ± 8.20 %RH, and 14.0 ± 1.4 moles PAR.
Inadequate emergence of control onion and tomato seedlings resulted in a repeated test in these two species; final results represent the repeated test. The irrigation tube supplying water to one tomato replicate (1,563 mg/kg) was inadvertently removed from the tray during the test so that seedlings were not watered. This replicate was dropped from statistical analysis of height and dry weight due to non-treatment-related reductions.
No effects were observed on any endpoint in corn, ryegrass and soybean. Any reductions in mean height and weight relative to the control mean were not dose-responsive and incidental to treatment. At 6,250 mg/kg, survival in cucumbers was 18% lower than the controls (p<0.05). Onion mean height was reduced 22 and 24% relative to the control in the 3,125 and 6,250 mg/kg groups, respectively (p<0.05). Weight was also reduced by 32 and 30% at these dose levels. Height and dry weight of tomatoes were reduced at the high dose (p<0.5).
Effects of DBDPEthane on seedling emergence, survival, height, and dry weight in a 21-d seedling emergence test with corn (Z. mays).
Test Concentration (mg/kg) |
Number of Emerged Seedlingsa (% Reduction) |
Seedling Survival (% Reduction) |
Seedling Height (cm) (% Reduction) |
Dry Weight (g) (% Reduction) |
||
Day 7 |
Day 14 |
Day 21 |
||||
Control |
8.75 ± 1.26b |
9.25 ± 0.50 |
9.25 ± 0.50 |
9.25 ± 0.50 |
50.8 ± 5.42 |
0.32 ± 0.079 |
391 |
7.00 ± 0.86 (20%) |
8.25 ± 1.26 (11%) |
8.50 ± 1.00 (8%) |
8.50 ±1.00 (8%) |
50.4 ± 2.39 (1%) |
0.33 ± 0.019 (-5%) |
781 |
8.50 ± 0.58 (3%) |
9.25 ± 0.96 (0%) |
9.25 ± 0.96 (0%) |
9.25 ± 0.96 (0%) |
52.2 ± 1.06 (-3%) |
0.34 ± 0.015 (-6%) |
1563 |
8.75 ± 0.96 (0%) |
9.25 ± 0.50 (0%) |
9.25 ± 0.50 (0%) |
9.25 ± 0.50 (0%) |
55.8 ± 3.97 (-10%) |
0.39 ± 0.059 (-23%) |
3125 |
8.25 ± 0.96 (6%) |
9.25 ± 0.50 (0%) |
9.25 ± 0.50 (0%) |
9.25 ± 0.50 (0%) |
52.1 ± 2.68 (-2%) |
0.36 ± 0.072 (-14%) |
6250 |
8.25 ± 1.71 (6%) |
9.00 ± 2.00 (3%) |
9.25 ± 1.50 (0%) |
9.25 ± 1.50 (0%) |
48.1 ± 4.38 (5%) |
0.31 ± 0.043 (4%) |
an= 4 replicate pots of 10 seeds each/group.
bMean ± standard deviation.
None significantly different from control (p = 0.05).
Effects of DBDPEthane on seedling emergence, survival, height, and dry weight in a 21-d seedling emergence test with ryegrass (L. perenne). |
||||||
Test Concentration (mg/kg) |
Number of Emerged Seedlingsa (% Reduction) |
Seedling Survival (% Reduction) |
Seedling Height (cm) (% Reduction) |
Dry Weight (g) (% Reduction) |
||
Day 7 |
Day 14 |
Day 21 |
||||
Control |
7.25 ± 0.50b |
8.00 ± 0.82 |
8.00 ± 0.82 |
8.00 ± 0.82 |
14.3 ± 1.51 |
0.017 ± 0.0045 |
391 |
6.00 ± 1.41 (17%) |
6.25 ± 1.50 (22%) |
6.25 ± 1.50 (22%) |
6.25 ± 1.50 (22%) |
14.7 ± 1.97 (-3%) |
0.022 ± 0.0056 (-29%) |
781 |
6.75 ± 3.20 (7%) |
7.25 ± 3.20 (9%) |
7.75 ± 2.63 (3%) |
7.75 ± 2.63 (3%) |
14.4 ± 1.67 (0%) |
0.024 ± 0.0051 (-37%) |
1,563 |
8.00 ± 0.82 (-10%) |
8.25 ± 0.50 (-3%) |
8.50 ± 0.58 (-6%) |
8.50 ± 0.58 (-6%) |
14.6 ± 2.31 (-2%) |
0.022 ± 0.0024 (-28%) |
3,125 |
8.50 ± 0.58 (-17%) |
9.00 ± 0.82 (-13%) |
9.00 ± 0.82 (-13%) |
8.75 ± 1.26 (-9%) |
14.1 ± 1.78 (2%) |
0.021 ± 0.0009 (-23%) |
6,250 |
9.50 ± 0.58 (-31%) |
9.50 ± 0.58 (-19%) |
9.50 ± 0.58 (-19%) |
9.25 ± 0.96 (-16%) |
16.0 ± 2.51 (-12%) |
0.026 ± 0.0051 (-49%) |
an= 4 replicate pots of 10 seeds each/group. bMean ± standard deviation. None significantly different from control (p>0.05). |
Effects of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPEthane) on seedling emergence, survival, height, and dry weight in a 21-day seedling emergence test with soybean (G. max) |
||||||
Test Concentration (mg/kg) |
Number of Emerged Seedlingsa (% Reduction) |
Seedling Survival (% Reduction) |
Seedling Height (cm) (% Reduction) |
Dry Weight (g) (% Reduction) |
||
Day 7 |
Day 14 |
Day 21 |
||||
Control |
6.75 ± 1.50 |
7.75 ± 0.50 |
8.00 ± 0.82 |
8.00 ± 0.82 |
21.5 ± 1.68 |
0.34 ± 0.021 |
391 |
5.50 ± 2.38b (19%) |
6.25 ± 0.96 (19%) |
6.50 ± 1.00 (19%) |
6.50 ± 1.00 (19%) |
18.6 ± 2.28 (13%) |
0.35 ± 0.036 (-3%) |
781 |
5.25 ± 1.50 (22%) |
7.25 ± 2.36 (6%) |
7.50 ± 2.38 (6%) |
7.50 ± 2.38 (6%) |
19.0 ± 2.66 (12%) |
0.35 ± 0.028 (-3%) |
1,563 |
5.25 ± 1.26 (22%) |
6.75 ± 2.06 (13%) |
7.00 ± 2.31 (13%) |
7.00 ± 2.31 (13%) |
18.9 ± 2.20 (12%) |
0.38 ± 0.056 (-11%) |
3,125 |
6.75 ± 1.26 (0%) |
8.00 ± 2.16 (-3%) |
8.25 ± 1.71 (-3%) |
8.25 ± 1.71 (-3%) |
20.2 ± 1.73 (6%) |
0.33 ± 0.046 (3%) |
6,250 |
7.00 ± 2.16 (-4%) |
8.00 ± 1.41 (-3%) |
8.25 ± 0.96 (-3%) |
8.25 ± 0.96 (-3%) |
20.7 ± 0.94 (4%) |
0.34 ± 0.019 (1%) |
an= 4 replicate pots of 10 seeds each/group. bMean ± standard deviation. None significantly different from control (p>0.05). |
Effects of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPEthane) on seedling emergence, survival, height, and dry weight in a 21-day seedling emergence test with cucumber (C. sativa). |
||||||
Test Concentration (mg/kg) |
Number of Emerged Seedlingsa (% Reduction) |
Seedling Survival (% Reduction) |
Seedling Height (cm) (% Reduction) |
Dry Weight (g) (% Reduction) |
||
Day 7 |
Day 14 |
Day 21 |
||||
Control |
7.75 ± 1.26b |
8.50 ± 0.58 |
8.50 ± 0.58 |
8.50 ± 0.58 |
9.5 ± 2.28 |
0.23 ± 0.058 |
391 |
8.25 ± 1.71 (-6%) |
8.50 ± 1.29 (0%) |
8.50 ± 1.29 (0%) |
8.50 ± 1.29 (0%) |
11.6 ± 2.06 (-22%) |
0.28 ± 0.39 (-26%) |
781 |
7.50 ± 1.00 (3%) |
8.00 ± 0.82 (6%) |
8.25 ± 0.50 (3%) |
8.25 ± 0.50 (3%) |
8.00 ± 1.43 (16%) |
0.19 ± 0.042 (15%) |
1563 |
8.00 ± 0.82 (-3%) |
8.25 ± 0.96 (3%) |
8.25 ± 0.96 (3%) |
8.25 ± 0.96 (3%) |
9.8 ± 1.89 (-3%) |
0.23 ± 0.059 (-2%) |
3125 |
8.00 ± 0.82 (-3%) |
9.00 ± 0.82 (-6%) |
9.00 ± 0.82 (-6%) |
9.00 ± 0.82 (-6%) |
12.2 ± 1.09 (-28%) |
0.26 ± 0.045 (-14%) |
6250 |
6.25 ± 0.96 (19%) |
7.00 ± 0.82 (18%) |
7.25 ± 0.96 (15%) |
7.00* ± 0.82 (18%) |
8.0 ± 1.78 (16%) |
0.22 ± 0.058 (5%) |
an= 4 replicate pots of 10 seeds each/group. bMean ± standard deviation. *Significantly different from control mean (p<0.05). |
Effects of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPEthane) on seedling emergence, survival, height, and dry weight in a 21-day seedling emergence test with onion (A. cepa). |
||||||
Test Concentration (mg/kg) |
Number of Emerged Seedlingsa (% Reduction) |
Seedling Survival (% Reduction) |
Seedling Height (cm) (% Reduction) |
Dry Weight (g) (% Reduction) |
||
Day 7 |
Day 14 |
Day 21 |
||||
Control |
5.00 ± 1.41b |
5.25 ± 0.96 |
5.25 ± 0.96 |
5.25 ± 0.96 |
16.2 ± 1.85 |
0.021 ± 0.0049 |
391 |
5.75 ± 0.96 (-15%) |
5.75 ± 0.96 (-10%) |
5.75 ± 0.96 (-10%) |
5.75 ± 0.96 (-10%) |
13.0 ± 3.16 (20%) |
0.017 ± 0.0053 (20%) |
781 |
5.25 ± 2.36 (-5%) |
5.50 ± 2.38 (-5%) |
5.50 ± 2.38 (-5%) |
5.25 ± 2.36 (0%) |
14.2 ± 1.14 (12%) |
0.018 ± 0.0050 (15%) |
1563 |
5.50 ± 1.91 (-10%) |
5.50 ± 1.91 (-5%) |
5.75 ± 2.06 (-10%) |
4.50 ± 1.91 (14%) |
14.8 ± 1.67 (8%) |
0.018 ± 0.0030 (17%) |
3125 |
5.00 ± 1.41 (0%) |
6.50 ± 1.29 (-24%) |
6.50 ± 1.29 (-24%) |
6.50 ± 1.29 (-24%) |
12.7* ± 1.18 (22%) |
0.015 ± 0.0030 (32%) |
6250 |
6.75 ± 1.50 (-35%) |
6.75 ± 1.50 (-29%) |
7.00 ± 1.41 (-33%) |
6.75 ± 1.50 (-29%) |
12.3* ± 1.60 (24%) |
0.015 ± 0.0019 (30%) |
Note: Inadequate emergence of control seedlings resulted in a repeated test. The results represent the repeated test. an= 4 replicate pots of 10 seeds each/group. bMean ± standard deviation. *Significantly different from control mean (p<0.05). |
Effects of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPEthane) on seedling emergence, survival, height, and dry weight in a 21-d seedling emergence test with tomato (L. esculentum). |
||||||
Test Concentration (mg/kg) |
Number of Emerged Seedlingsa (% Reduction) |
Seedling Survival (% Reduction) |
Seedling Height (cm) (% Reduction) |
Dry Weight (g) (% Reduction) |
||
Day 7 |
Day 14 |
Day 21 |
||||
Control |
9.00 ± 0.82b |
9.00 ± 0.82 |
9.00 ± 0.82 |
9.00 ± 0.82 |
15.9 ± 0.88 |
0.218 ± 0.0214 |
391 |
8.00 ± 1.15 (11%) |
9.25 ± 0.50 (-3%) |
9.25 ± 0.50 (-3%) |
9.25 ± 0.50 (-3%) |
15.5 ± 3.13 (3%) |
0.211 ± 0.0413 (3%) |
781 |
8.25 ± 0.96 (8%) |
8.50 ± 1.29 (6%) |
8.50 ± 1.29 (6%) |
8.50 ± 1.29 (6%) |
16.2 ± 0.77 (-2%) |
0.251 ± 0.0092 (-15%) |
1563 |
8.00 ± 0.82 (11%) |
8.50 ± 1.00 (6%) |
8.50 ± 1.00 (6%) |
8.50 ± 1.00 (6%) |
15.0 ± 1.7c (6%) |
0.222 ± 0.0263c (-2%) |
3125 |
6.50* ± 2.38 (28%) |
7.50 ± 1.29 (17%) |
7.50 ± 1.29 (17%) |
7.50 ± 1.29 (17%) |
14.5 ± 1.06 (9%) |
0.264 ± 0.143 (-21%) |
6250 |
3.25* ± 0.96 (64%) |
7.50 ± 0.58 (17%) |
7.75 ± 0.96 (14%) |
7.50 ± 1.00 (17%) |
10.0* ± 2.24 (37%) |
0.130* ± 0.043 (40%) |
Note: Inadequate emergence of control seedlings resulted in a repeated test. The results represent the repeated test. an= 4 replicate pots of 10 seeds each/group. bMean ± standard deviation. cMean, standard deviation and % reduction based on 3 replicates rather than four. One replicate dropped due to inadvertent lack of watering. *Significantly different from control mean (p<0.05). |
LOEC, NOEC, and EC25values from six species of plants exposed to DBDPEthane in soil. |
|||||
Species |
Observed effects (mg/kg) |
Calculated EC25(mg/kg) |
|||
LOEC |
NOEC |
Most sensitive endpoint(s) |
EC25value |
Most sensitive endpoint(s) |
|
Corn |
>6,250 |
6,250 |
---a |
>6,250 |
--- |
Cucumber |
6,250 |
3,125 |
Survival |
>6,250 |
--- |
Onion |
3,125 |
1,563 |
Height, dry weight |
2,440 |
Dry weight |
Ryegrass |
>6,250 |
6,250 |
--- |
>6,250 |
--- |
Soybean |
>6,250 |
6,250 |
--- |
>6,250 |
--- |
Tomato |
6,250 |
3,125 |
Height, dry weight |
4,990 |
Height |
aNot applicable |
Seedling Condition Rating System
Rating |
Category |
Description |
0 |
No Effect |
No noticeable effect |
10 |
Slight Effect |
Effect barely noticeable |
20 |
Some effect, not apparently detrimental |
|
30 |
Effect more pronounced, not obviously detrimental |
|
40 |
Moderate Effect |
Effect moderate, plants appear able to recover |
50 |
More lasting effect, recovery somewhat doubtful |
|
60 |
Lasting effect, recovery doubtful |
|
70 |
Severe Effect |
Heavy injury, loss of individual leaves |
80 |
Plant nearly destroyed, a few surviving leaves |
|
90 |
Occasional surviving leaves |
|
100 |
Complete Effect |
Death of entire Plant |
Rating scale adapted from:
Frans, Robert E. and Ronald E. Talbert. 1977. Design of Field Experiments and the Measurement and Analysis of Plant Responses. Pages 15-23 in B. Truelove, ed. Research Methods in Weed Science. Southern Weed Science Society, Auburn University, Alabama.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Exposure to DBDPEthane at the highest doses tested (6250 mg/kg dry soil) did not effect corn, ryegrass and soybean seedling emergence and growth. The NOEC in corn, ryegrass and soybean was 6250 mg/kg. The NOEC in cucumber and tomato was 3125 mg/kg and in onion, 1563 mg/kg. Some effects were noted in onion, cucumber and tomato, which allowed calculation of EC25. The calculated EC25 ranged from 2,440 (onion) to >6,250 mg/kg (corn, cucumber, ryegrass, soybean) based on dry weight (onion) and height (tomato; EC25=4,990 mg/kg).
- Executive summary:
The purpose of the 21-d plant study was to determine the effects of the test article on the seedling emergence and growth of six species of plants. The study consisted of a negative control and five treatment groups with four replicate pots of 10 seeds/pot. DBDPEthane was incorporated into the test soil for each treatment group prior to seed planting. The nominal test concentrations were 391, 781, 1,563, 3,125 and 6,250 mg/ kg dry soil. A control group, with no test substance incorporation, was maintained concurrently. Seeds were impartially assigned to growth pots on the day of test initiation, and pots were placed in a randomized block design on a greenhouse table. Observations of emergence and general assessments of seedling condition were made on Days 7, 14, and 21. Plant height and condition scores were made on Day 21, and plants were clipped at soil level and the above-ground portion dried for determination of dry weights. The seedling condition rating system was adapted from Franset al. (1997) with ratings ranging from 0 (no noticeable effect) to 100 (death of entire plant). The NOECs of DBDPEthane (mg/kg dry soil) in six species of terrestrial plants were 6250 (corn), 3125 (cucumber), 1563 (onion), 6250 (ryegrass), 6250 (soybean), and 3125 (tomato).
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