Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 203-742-5 | CAS number: 110-16-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: limited published study, a reliability of 2 is assigned
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- The Irritating effects of Maleic Acid and of Maleic Anhydride upon the eyes of rabbits
- Author:
- Winter CA and Tullius EJ
- Year:
- 1 950
- Bibliographic source:
- American Journal of Ophtalmology 33: 387-388
- Reference Type:
- secondary source
- Title:
- The irritating effects of maleic acid and of maleic anydride upon the eyes of rabbits
- Author:
- Winter CA and Tullius EJ
- Year:
- 1 950
- Bibliographic source:
- Am. J. Ophthalm. 33: 387-388; cited in OECD SIDS Draft maleic acid (2005)
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The effects of solutions of maleic acid was tested in the eyes of rabbits by filling the conjuntival sac of the right eye with solution, and allowing it to remain in contact with the eye for two minutes, then allowing it to drain out. Two rabbits were used for testing of the following solutions: maleic acid 1% and 5%. In another test, the material was ground in a mortar to a fine powder, and a minute amount was placed in the right eye, and allowed to be washed away by tears. Two rabbits received maleic acid.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Maleic acid
- EC Number:
- 203-742-5
- EC Name:
- Maleic acid
- Cas Number:
- 110-16-7
- Molecular formula:
- C4H4O4
- IUPAC Name:
- but-2-enedioic acid
- Details on test material:
- no further data
Constituent 1
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- no further data available
Test system
- Vehicle:
- other: water or none
- Controls:
- other: untreated eye
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 1% solution, 5% solution and ground powder
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- two minutes for the solutions, unspecified for the powder (a minute amount was placed in the right eye and allowed to be washed out by tears)
- Observation period (in vivo):
- not clearly specified, text states observation periods as long as seven days
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- two animals with 1% solution, two animals with 5% solution and two animals with ground powder
Results and discussion
In vivo
Results
- Irritation parameter:
- other: irritation
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- > 0
- Remarks on result:
- other: Maleic acid tested by application of its solutions and of powdered substance to the eyes of rabbits, proved to be extremely irritating.
Any other information on results incl. tables
In the animals receiving one-percent solution, there was cloudiness of the cornea, hyperemia of the conjunctiva, and edema of the nictitating membrane within a few minutes after application. This condition lasted throughout the day, but the eyes appeared to be normal the next morning.
In the animals to which five-percent solution was adininistered, the irritation was qualitatively similar, but more intense, involved the iris as well as the cornea, and did not disappear until the sixth or seventh day.
Treatment with powdered maleic acid led to immediate clouding of the cornea. The animals behaved as though they were in distress, so presumably the appliaction was painful.
Twenty-four hours after maleic acid application, there was apparent sloughing of the superficial layers of the cornea. After two days, one rabbit had a white cloudy spot about two mm. in diameter on the cornea, which did not stain with fluorescein. In all of the animals, edema, inflammation, and cloudiness of the cornea were present. There was a profuse whitish discharge from the affected eyes. Neither the solutions nor the powder produced mydriasis or miosis, nor was the pupillary light reflex affected. No sign of systemic effect was noted in the animals, except dilatation of the ear vessels in one rabbit about an hour after instillation of one-percent maleic acid.
The eyes treated with maleic-acid powder returned to normal within a few days.
Conclusion:
Maleic acid tested by application of its solutions and of powdered substance to the eyes of rabbits, proved to be extremely irritating.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- irritating
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.