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EC number: 231-439-8 | CAS number: 7550-35-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1988-01-20 to 1988-02-06
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non GLP study with slight deviations to the correspondent OECD guideline.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 988
- Report date:
- 1988
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Please refer to the section "Principles of method if other than guideline"
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The study was conducted with four instead of three animals. The eyes of two of them were washed with water shortly after the instillation. The other two animals remained unwashed.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Lithium bromide
- EC Number:
- 231-439-8
- EC Name:
- Lithium bromide
- Cas Number:
- 7550-35-8
- Molecular formula:
- BrLi
- IUPAC Name:
- lithium bromide
- Test material form:
- solid: crystalline
Constituent 1
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Hazleton Research Animals, Inc., Denver, Pennsylvania, USA
- Age at study initiation: young adults
- Weight at study initiation: 3.10 - 3.24 kg
- Housing: individually in stainless steel cages
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Purina High Fiber Rabbit Chow 5326, ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): fresh tap water, ad libitum
- Acclimation period:
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°F): 68 - 71
- Humidity (%): 29 - 59
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
Test system
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- other: The left untreated eye served as a control.
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.1 g - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 20-30 seconds
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 16 days
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- four animals (three males, one female)
- Details on study design:
- REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing: Washing was done with fresh tap water in two out of four animals. The other two remained unwashed.
- Time after start of exposure: 20-30 seconds
SCORING SYSTEM: Draize, J.H. et al. (1944)
TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: The eyes were assessed with a penlight type lamp as well as with the aid of 2 % sodium fluorescein dye.
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Remarks:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.33
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 16 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: eye not washed
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Remarks:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.66
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 16 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: eye not washed
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Remarks:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 16 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: eye washed with tap water
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Remarks:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 16 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: eye washed with tap water
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 2
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Remarks:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 16 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: eye not washed
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Remarks:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1.67
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 16 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: eye not washed
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Remarks:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.33
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 16 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: eye washed with tap water
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Remarks:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 2.33
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 16 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: eye washed with tap water
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Remarks:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.33
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 16 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: eye not washed
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Remarks:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.33
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 16 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: eye not washed
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Remarks:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.33
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 16 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: eye washed with tap water
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #4
- Remarks:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 3.67
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 16 days
- Remarks on result:
- other: eye washed with tap water
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- One hours post-dosing, mild to severe conjunctivitis and slight corneal opacities were noted. Irritation worsened after 24 hours at which time one eye also developed a hemorrhagic conjunctivae and one eye had a white conjunctivae. After 48 hours, irritation gradually subsided and was completely resolved by study day 16. Washing the eyes with tap water shortly after exposure increased the severity of the irritation observed.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2A (irritating to eyes) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this study, the test material was considered to be not irritating to both washed and unwashed eyes.
- Executive summary:
An eye irritation study was conducted with lithium bromide anhydrous according to a non-definitive eye irritation protocol from FMC. Lithium bromide anhydrous was instilled into the test eyes of four New Zealand White rabbits at a dose of 0.10 g. The eyes of two rabbits remained unwashed while the eyes of the remaining two rabbits were gently washed with 100 mL of tap water approximately 20 - 30 seconds after treatment. Eyes were assessed for irritation using the method of Draize at 24, 48 and 72 hours after instillation.
Mild to severe conjunctivitis and slight to mild corneal opacities were noted during the study. In addition, white, brown and hemorrhagic areas were noted on the conjunctivae. All irritation resolved by study day 16, at which the test was terminated. Washing the eyes with tap water shortly after exposure increased the severity of the irritation observed. One rabbit (with washed eyes) developed significantly higher scores regarding cornea opacity (2), conjunctival redness (2.33) and chemosis (3.67) compared to the other three animals. Due to the facts it can not be totally excluded that lithium bromide is irritating.
Considering the results of this study, lithium bromide anhydrous is considered to be irritating to the eyes of New Zealand White rabbits. (FMC, 1988)
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