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EC number: 204-984-4 | CAS number: 130-26-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Description of key information
Clioquinol was found to be non-genotoxic.
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other:
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- PREINCUBATION : In the standard protocol (preincubation) for conducting the Ames assay, a test tube containing a suspension of one strain of Salmonella typhimurium (or E. coli) plus S9 mix or plain buffer without S9, is incubated for 20 minutes at 37º C with the test chemical. Control cultures, with all the same ingredients except the test chemical, are also incubated. In addition, positive control cultures are prepared; these contain the particular bacterial tester strain under investigation, the various culture ingredients, and a known potent mutagen*. After 20 minutes, agar is added to the cultures and the contents of the tubes are thoroughly mixed and poured onto the surface of Petri dishes containing standard bacterial culture medium. The plates are incubated, and bacterial colonies that do not require an excess of supplemental histidine appear and grow. These colonies are comprised of bacteria that have undergone reverse mutation to restore function of the histidine-manufacturing gene. The number of colonies is usually counted after 2 days.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 97
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- with 10 % & 30 % HLI = induced male Syrian hamster liver S9 and 10% & 30 % RLI = induced male Sprague Dawley rat liver S9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 1-100 µg/Plate
- Vehicle / solvent:
- Dimethyl Sulfoxide
- Untreated negative controls:
- not specified
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Dimethyl Sulfoxide
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: 2-aminoanthracene
- Remarks:
- For strains tested with S9
- Untreated negative controls:
- not specified
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Dimethyl Sulfoxide
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- sodium azide
- Remarks:
- For strains TA100 and TA1535 tested in the absence of S9
- Untreated negative controls:
- not specified
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Dimethyl Sulfoxide
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 9-aminoacridine
- Remarks:
- For strain TA97 and TA1537 tested in the absence of S9
- Untreated negative controls:
- not specified
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Dimethyl Sulfoxide
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 2-nitrofluorene
- Remarks:
- For strain TA98 tested in the absence of S9
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Test System : AMES SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- not specified
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- not specified
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- not specified
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 97
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- not specified
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative
In an Ames test , clioquinol , in dimethyl sulfoxide from doses 1-100 µg/Plate was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100,TA1535,TA1537,TA97 and TA98 with and without addition of S9 liver fractions from Aroclor induced hamsters. The same has been observed for rats as well. - Executive summary:
In an Ames test , clioquinol , in dimethyl sulfoxide from doses 1-100 µg/Plate was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100,TA1535,TA1537,TA97 and TA98 with and without addition of S9 liver fractions from Aroclor induced hamsters. The same has been observed for rats as well.
Reference
Strain: TA100
Dose |
No Activation |
No Activation |
10% HLI |
30% HLI |
10% RLI |
30% RLI |
||||||
Protocol |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
||||||
ug/Plate |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
0 |
153 |
18.5 |
136 |
3.8 |
134 |
4.2 |
174 |
3.4 |
140 |
11.2 |
168 |
4.2 |
0.03 |
149 |
10.7 |
142 |
4.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.1 |
139 |
13.3 |
142 |
10.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.3 |
147 |
4.4 |
129 |
11.5 |
|
|
|
|
144 |
11.9 |
165 |
9.2 |
1 |
136 |
2.6 |
82 |
1.8 |
152 |
7.1 |
158 |
1.9 |
129 |
3.5 |
153 |
9.4 |
1.6 |
120 |
8.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
0s |
0 |
147 |
3.9 |
181 |
12.9 |
126 |
7.2 |
155 |
6.9 |
10 |
|
|
|
|
146 |
3.7 |
153 |
21.3 |
96 |
3.7 |
142 |
8.4 |
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
118 |
7.8 |
33 |
|
|
|
|
103 |
8.7 |
184 |
3.6 |
13 |
5.1 |
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
172 |
8.6 |
|
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
0s |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Positive Control |
439 |
15.8 |
412 |
8.4 |
835 |
37.2 |
545 |
10.8 |
602 |
17.8 |
842 |
33.8 |
Strain: TA1535
Dose |
No Activation |
No Activation |
10% HLI |
30% HLI |
10% RLI |
30% RLI |
||||||
Protocol |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
Preincubation |
||||||
ug/Plate |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
Mean |
± SEM |
0 |
24 |
2.2 |
39 |
1.5 |
18 |
1.8 |
9 |
2.3 |
18 |
3.4 |
19 |
2.6 |
0.03 |
33 |
2.3 |
28 |
2.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.1 |
22 |
1.2 |
31 |
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.3 |
24 |
2.7 |
31 |
3.2 |
|
|
|
|
16 |
2 |
20 |
1.9 |
1 |
26 |
1.2 |
31 |
3 |
18 |
0.9 |
12 |
1 |
16 |
0.7 |
17 |
0.3 |
1.6 |
29 |
4.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
7 |
0.6 |
18 |
6.8 |
9 |
2.4 |
18 |
2.5 |
20 |
2.6 |
10 |
|
|
|
|
17 |
0.3 |
10 |
1.9 |
11 |
2.4 |
13 |
2.1 |
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20 |
2.3 |
33 |
|
|
|
|
14 |
2.6 |
8 |
0.3 |
6 |
1.3 |
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 |
1.5 |
|
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
11 |
3.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Positive Control |
370 |
9.4 |
418 |
49.7 |
201 |
6.9 |
403 |
13.1 |
110 |
7.3 |
96 |
2.6 |
S
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (negative)
Additional information
Additional information from genetic toxicity in vitro:
Weight of evidence studies reviewed for Genetic toxicity from reliable sources having Klimish rating 2.
The summary of the results are presented below
Sr.No |
Endpoint |
Interpretation of results |
Strain/Species |
Sources |
1 |
Gene Mutation |
Negative with and without metabolic activation |
S. typhimurium TA 100,TA 1535,TA 1537,TA 97,TA 98 |
Environ. Molec. Mutagen. |
2 |
Chromosomal abberation |
Negative without metabolic activation |
Chinese hamster Lung (CHL) |
SSS QSAR |
3 |
Gene mutation |
Negative without metabolic activation |
S. typhimurium TA 100 |
SSS QSAR |
By applying weight of evidence approach, it was concluded that the test substance clioquinol does not exhibit positive gene mutation effect as is the same case for chromosome abberation.
Justification for selection of genetic toxicity endpoint
In an Ames test , clioquinol , in dimethyl sulfoxide from doses 1-100 µg/Plate was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100,TA1535,TA1537,TA97 and TA98 with and without addition of S9 liver fractions from Aroclor induced hamsters. The same has been observed for rats as well.The chromosome abberation is based on the prediction for in-vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test on Chinese hamster Lung (CHL) without S9 metabolic activation it was estimated that clioquinol does not exhibit positive chromosomal effect.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Clioquinol shows negative activity as is the case for chromosome abberation for the same substance.
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