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EC number: 253-775-4 | CAS number: 38083-17-9
- Life Cycle description
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- Endpoint summary
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- Density
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- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
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- Dissociation constant
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- Ecotoxicological Summary
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Biodegradation in water and sediment: simulation tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: sewage treatment simulation testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2019-07-31 to 2019-09-23
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 303 A (Simulation Test - Aerobic Sewage Treatment. A: Activated Sludge Units)
- Version / remarks:
- January 2001
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Radiolabelling:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- Activated sludge
- Source of activated sludge: Sewage plant at 31137 Hildesheim, Germany. It is well suited as it receives predominantly municipal sewage and hardly industrial chemical waste
- Pretreatment: The activated sludge was washed once with tap water and maintained in an aerobic condition by aeration at room temperature until use
- Biomass concentration used in test: 3.9 g/L mean dry weight (during acclimatisation); 2.7 g/L mean dry weight (during test item application)
Domestic sewage
- Source of domestic sewage: Sewage plant at 31137 Hildesheim, Germany. It is well suited as it receives predominantly municipal sewage and hardly industrial chemical waste. Collected from the primary sedimentation tank of the treatment plant
- Dissolved organic carbon: 75.9 -136 mg/L
- Storage conditions: at 4 °C to reduce microbal activity
- Pretreatment: At sampling the sewage was filtered to remove coarse particles. DOC adjustment of the domestic sewage with synthetic sewage was not necessary Tap water or ultrapure water for domestic and synthetic sewage was not necessary - Duration of test (contact time):
- 38 d
- Initial conc.:
- 2 µg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- test mat. analysis
- Details on study design:
- STUDY DESIGN
- System: Gas Flow through system, test item and organic medium were continuously pumped through the system.
- Test vessels: Activated sludge unit consisting of an aeration vessel (approx. 500 mL, activated sludge volume 372 mL) and a separator (approx. 250 mL)
- Replicates: 1
- Aeration: Aeration chamber with activated sludge was continuously purged with air to maintain the sludge in aerobic conditions
- Settling tank: activated sludge was pumped back into the aeration chamber by an airlift pump
SET UP
- Volume of activated sludge in the aeration chamber: 372 mL
- Sludge adhering to the walls were re-suspended daily, tubes and tubings were cleaned to prevent growth of biofilm
INCUBATION
- Temperature: 21.0 – 21.3 °C
- pH: 7.2 - 8.0
- Aeration: continuously
- Airflow: adjusted to an oxygen level at least 2 mg/L
- Sludge retention time: 10 d; 1/10 of the volume (37.2 mL) of the activated sludge in the aeration vessel was removed as surplus sludge once per day directly from the aeration vessel by a syringe.
- Mean hydraulic retention time: 6 h,
- Influent flow organic medium: 62 µL/h
- Influent flow test item solution: 124 µL/h
- Wastage sludge rate: ca. 37.2 mL/d
TEST ITEM APPLICATION
- Test item was applied to the system after the removal of DOC was sufficient (> 80 %)
- Test item concentraion in the influent: 2 µg/L
- Test item was continiously applied by adding directly to the activated sludge to avoid biodegradation before it reached the aeration vessel. The elimination, sorption and primary degradation of the test item was determined by LC-MS/MS.
TEST DURATION
- Duration: 54 days
- Acclimatisation period: 16 days
- Test item application period: 38 days
- Plateau phase: 22 days
MEASUREMENTS
- Influent volumes: at least weekdays
- DOC of the effluents: At least 2 x per week
- DOC of the organic media (influent): Every new batch
- Temperature, pH-value, oxygen concentration in the aeration vessel (activated sludge): At least weekly, depended on the stability of the system, measured in the surplus sludge
- Suspended solids(activated sludge): At least 2 x per week, obligatory in parallel to activated sludge analysis
TEST ITEM SAMPLING PROCEDURE
- Approx. 100 mL of the effluent were sampled directly from the outlet tube of the settling tank. Therefore, the tube was transferred in a glass vessel. Analysis of activated sludge was done from the surplus sludge
- Influent: Every new batch during adaption and plateau phase
- Influent Sewage: at least every new batch during the adaption and plateau phase
- Effluent: at least 3x per week in the adaption phase and daily in the plateau phase
- Activated sludge: at least 3x per week in the adaption phase and daily in the plateau phase - Key result
- % Degr.:
- 46.6
- St. dev.:
- 6.7
- Parameter:
- test mat. analysis
- Sampling time:
- 22 d
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- mean degradation rate of the plateau phase
- Transformation products:
- not measured
- Details on results:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Temperature in the aeration vessel: 21.0 – 21.6 °C
- pH: was mostly in the range of 7.5 ± 0.5 and was only once slightly above 8.0
- Oxygen Concentration in the activates sludge: >= 5.42 mg/L, mostly even > 7.00 mg/L
- Suspended Solids: 1.8 – 4.6 g/L
- Biodegradation of organic medium (DOC): 75-90%, The slight decrease was probably due to variations in the quality and composition of the organic medium. Nevertheless, the unit worked stable and efficiently throughout the study
RESULTS
- Plateau phase: after 17 days of test item application, the plateau phase was started. The plateau phase lasted about three weeks and in total 22 samplings of the effluent and sludge were done. Influent (each new stock solution), effluent and sludge samples were analysed.
- Elimination of the test item: s. table 1
- Load on the activated sludge: s. table 2
- Mean elimination rate of the test item in the effluent: 46.6 % of the influent concentration during the plateau phase (95 % CI: 43.1 – 50.2).
- Mean test item concentration in the sludge: 1.4% during the plateau phase of total influent load (95 % CI: 1.2-1.6). - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Based on the analysis of the test item in the effluent, the mean elimination rate at the plateau phase in relation to the total influent concentration was calculated. The elimination of the test item in the effluent was 46.6 % in a continuously operating activated sludge unit. The mean load of the test item in the sludge during the plateau phase was 1.4 %.
Based on the outcome of this study it can be concluded that the main elimination process of the test item in a sewage treatment plant is biodegradation.
Reference
Tab. 1: Elimination of the test item
Study Phase |
Study Day |
Day of Test Item Appl. |
Conc. Influent (Organic medium) |
Conc. |
Conc. |
Elimination |
|
|
|
|
ng/L |
ng/L |
ng/L |
% |
|
Acclimatization |
1 |
-15 |
221 |
- |
- |
- |
|
2 |
-14 |
206 |
77 |
64.9 |
|
||
5 |
-11 |
259 |
120 |
41.7 |
|
||
7 |
-9 |
282 |
130 |
49.6 |
|
||
9 |
-7 |
223 |
116 |
48.2 |
|
||
12 |
-4 |
128 |
112 |
12.7 |
|
||
15 |
-1 |
159 |
81 |
37.0 |
|
||
Adaptation |
19 |
3 |
1600 |
770 |
56.2 |
|
|
21 |
5 |
161 |
1059 |
39.8 |
|
||
23 |
7 |
1118 |
36.5 |
|
|||
26 |
10 |
2000 |
1454 |
17.4 |
|
||
28 |
12 |
204 |
1205 |
31.5 |
|
||
30 |
14 |
1484 |
32.7 |
|
|||
Plateau Phase |
33 |
17 |
204 |
2000 |
1281 |
41.9 |
|
34 |
18 |
1005 |
54.4 |
||||
35 |
19 |
153 |
971 |
55.9 |
|||
36 |
20 |
1157 |
46.3 |
||||
37 |
21 |
1268 |
41.1 |
||||
38 |
22 |
1265 |
41.2 |
||||
39 |
23 |
1215 |
43.6 |
||||
40 |
24 |
1392 |
35.4 |
||||
41 |
25 |
123 |
1398 |
35.1 |
|||
42 |
26 |
1237 |
41.7 |
||||
43 |
27 |
960 |
54.8 |
||||
44 |
28 |
946 |
55.4 |
||||
45 |
29 |
968 |
54.4 |
||||
46 |
30 |
1208 |
43.1 |
||||
47 |
31 |
1052 |
50.4 |
||||
48 |
32 |
163 |
1286 |
39.4 |
|||
49 |
33 |
1230 |
43.2 |
||||
50 |
34 |
1117 |
48.4 |
||||
51 |
35 |
1224 |
43.4 |
||||
52 |
36 |
971 |
55.1 |
||||
53 |
37 |
1073 |
50.4 |
||||
54 |
38 |
1047 |
51.6 |
Tab. 2: Load of Activated Sludge with the test item
Study Phase |
Study Day |
Day of Test Item Appl. |
Influent Load absolute |
Conc. |
Sludge absolute |
% of Load |
|
|
|
ng/L |
ng/g DW |
ng |
% |
Acclimatization |
1 |
-15 |
657 |
- |
- |
- |
2 |
-14 |
986 |
42 |
91 |
27.6 |
|
5 |
-11 |
1677 |
57 |
132 |
10.2 |
|
7 |
-9 |
2447 |
50 |
100 |
4.9 |
|
9 |
-7 |
3199 |
41 |
72 |
2.5 |
|
12 |
-4 |
4053 |
46 |
85 |
2.2 |
|
15 |
-1 |
4625 |
52 |
85 |
1.9 |
|
Adaptation |
19 |
3 |
14911 |
1077 |
1836 |
14.9 |
21 |
5 |
20100 |
1129 |
1738 |
9.9 |
|
23 |
7 |
25334 |
1105 |
1679 |
7.4 |
|
26 |
10 |
33196 |
1228 |
1977 |
6.5 |
|
28 |
12 |
39627 |
1043 |
1637 |
4.5 |
|
30 |
14 |
46188 |
627 |
875 |
2.0 |
|
Plateau Phase |
33 |
17 |
56028 |
711 |
1049 |
2.0 |
34 |
18 |
59308 |
96 |
142 |
0.3 |
|
35 |
19 |
62589 |
721 |
992 |
1.7 |
|
36 |
20 |
65793 |
754 |
1085 |
1.7 |
|
37 |
21 |
68997 |
940 |
1189 |
1.8 |
|
38 |
22 |
72201 |
750 |
994 |
1.4 |
|
39 |
23 |
75406 |
1074 |
988 |
1.4 |
|
40 |
24 |
78610 |
619 |
749 |
1.0 |
|
41 |
25 |
81814 |
640 |
806 |
1.0 |
|
42 |
26 |
84972 |
764 |
764 |
0.9 |
|
43 |
27 |
88131 |
743 |
1151 |
1.4 |
|
44 |
28 |
91289 |
717 |
1191 |
1.4 |
|
45 |
29 |
94447 |
1067 |
1494 |
1.6 |
|
46 |
30 |
97606 |
1369 |
1841 |
1.9 |
|
47 |
31 |
100764 |
1476 |
1897 |
1.9 |
|
48 |
32 |
103923 |
1496 |
1802 |
1.8 |
|
49 |
33 |
107141 |
1152 |
1595 |
1.5 |
|
50 |
34 |
110360 |
1049 |
1201 |
1.1 |
|
51 |
35 |
113579 |
988 |
1023 |
0.9 |
|
52 |
36 |
116798 |
1065 |
958 |
0.8 |
|
53 |
37 |
120017 |
1064 |
1053 |
0.9 |
|
54 |
38 |
123236 |
1091 |
1156 |
1.0 |
|
|
|
|
Mean at Plateau Phase |
1.4 |
||
|
|
|
SD |
0.4 |
||
|
|
|
95 % CI |
1.2 – 1.6 |
Description of key information
The elimination of the test item in the effluent was 46.6 % in a continuously operating activated sludge unit (OECD 303 A). The mean load of the test item in the sludge during the plateau phase was 1.4 %. Based on these results it can be concluded that the main elimination process of the test item in a sewage treatment plant is biodegradation.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The elimination and primary degradation of the test item in an activated sludge unit was determined according to OECD guideline 303A and GLP. The activated sludge unit was started with dosing the organic medium. After a short acclimatization period of the activated sludge (DOC elimination > 80 %), the application of the test item was started. Samples of the influent, effluent and sludge were taken at regular intervals and LC-MS/MS analysis was carried out to determine the effluent concentration and fraction adsorbed on the activated sludge. During acclimatization, the activated sludge unit was inoculated with activated sludge. The DOC elimination of the organic medium reached a degradation rate > 80 % already after 1 day. The dosage of the test item was started after an acclimatization period of 16 days. The nominal concentration of the test item stock solution was 1 mg/L. The stock solution was dosed at a constant rate of 124 µl/h into the activated sludge unit, resulting in an influent concentration of 2 µg test item/L.
Based on the analysis of the test item in the effluent, the mean elimination rate at the plateau phase in relation to the total influent concentration was calculated. The elimination of thet test item was 46.6 % of the influent concentration in a continuously operating activated sludge unit. The mean load of the test item in the sludge during the plateau phase was 1.4 % of total influent load.
Based on these data it can be concluded that the main elimination process of the test item in a sewage treatment plant is biodegradation.
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