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EC number: 217-126-9 | CAS number: 1746-23-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 28 December 2017 - 26 October 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2012
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- No significant deviations that had an impact on the study outcome.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Synonyms: p-tert-butylstyrene
CAS No: 1746-23-2
Purity: 96.4% - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Nominal concentrations: 5.1, 13, 32, 80, 200, and 500 µg/L
- Geometric mean measured concentrations: 4.0, 10, 25, 61, 170, and 400 µg/L
- Intervals of analytical monitoring:
Days 0, 7, 14, and 20 (new solutions)
Days 1, 8, 15, and 21 (aged solutions)
- Due to the volatile nature of the test substance, new solutions were sampled directly after being prepared. Aged solutions were sampled directly after being composited. These measures were taken in order to obtain the most accurate analytical results for this closed-system exposure. - Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Dimethylformamide (DMF, CAS No. 68-12-2), 0.1 mL/L
- Details on test solutions:
- The primary stock solution (5000 µg/mL) was mixed with inversions of the flask and was observed to be clear and colorless with no visible undissolved test substance following preparation.
Secondary stock solutions were mixed with inversions of the flask and were observed to be clear and colorless with no visible undissolved test substance following preparation.
Exposure solutions were mixed thoroughly using a glass rod for approximately one minute. The exposure solutions were observed to be clear and colorless with no visible undissolved test substance following preparation. Freshly prepared solutions were divided into 10 replicate vessels, each labeled with the study number, treatment/control, and replicate designation. Control and solvent control vessels were maintained under the same conditions as the treatment level solutions.
Exposure solutions were newly prepared and renewed every 24 hours. - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- The daphnids used in this toxicity test were obtained from laboratory cultures maintained at Smithers Viscient. Daphnids were obtained for testing by removing all immature daphnids from the culture vessel, thus isolating sexually mature daphnids approximately 24 hours prior to exposure initiation. Young produced by these daphnids within 24 hours of isolation were used in the exposure. The culture water was prepared by fortifying well water based on the formula for hard water (U.S. EPA, 1975) and filtering it through an Amberlite XAD 7 resin column to remove any potential organic contaminants.
Representative samples of the food source were periodically analyzed for the presence of pesticides, PCBs, and toxic metals by Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories Environmental, Lancaster, Pennsylvania (U.S. EPA, 1997). None of these compounds have been detected at concentrations considered toxic in any of the samples analyzed, in agreement with ASTM (2007) standard practice. Based on the analysis for pesticides, the food source was considered to be of acceptable quality since all analyte concentrations were below levels of concern. - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Hardness:
- 160-180 mg/L CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20-22°C
- pH:
- 7.8-8.3
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 7.5-8.9 mg/L
- Conductivity:
- 750-840 µS/cm
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - Nominal concentrations: 5.1, 13, 32, 80, 200, and 500 µg/L
- Geometric mean measured concentrations: 4.0, 10, 25, 61, 170, and 400 µg/L - Details on test conditions:
- - 1.0 L glass beakers containing 0.8L of water
- Food type: Unicellular green algae, Ankistrodesmus falcatus (4 × 107 cells/mL) and a suspension of YCT (yeast, cereal leaves and flaked fish food) - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 170 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Key result
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 61 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality: Number of living offspring produced per surviving parental animal {for Daphnia magna, TG 211}
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 61 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality: Total number living offspring produced at the end of the test per parent daphnia at the start of the test excluding from the analysis parental accidental and/or inadvertent mortality {TG 211}
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 61 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 70 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality: Number of living offspring produced per surviving parental animal {for Daphnia magna, TG 211}
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 69 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality: Total number living offspring produced at the end of the test per parent daphnia at the start of the test excluding from the analysis parental accidental and/or inadvertent mortality {TG 211}
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 170 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 400 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 170 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality: Number of living offspring produced per surviving parental animal {for Daphnia magna, TG 211}
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 170 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality: Total number living offspring produced at the end of the test per parent daphnia at the start of the test excluding from the analysis parental accidental and/or inadvertent mortality {TG 211}
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 170 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- At the termination of the study, data obtained on organism survival, reproduction (total living offspring per female and total living offspring per surviving female daphnid), and growth (as total body length) were statistically analyzed to identify significant treatment-related effects. Analyses were performed using the individual response values.
All statistical analyses were conducted at the 95% level of certainty, except tests to assess normality and homogeneity of variance, where the 99% level of certainty was applied. CETIS Version 1.8 was used to perform the statistical computations. The highest test concentration that elicited no statistically significant difference between the exposed organisms and the control (NOEC) was determined. The lowest test concentration that elicited a statistically significant effect on organism performance is defined as the LOEC. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Based on reproduction (total living offspring per female and total living offspring per surviving female) and length, the most sensitive endpoints, the 21 d NOEC and LOEC were determined to be 61 and 170 µg/L, respectively.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the long term toxicity of the substance on Daphnia magna, according to OECD Guideline 211, in compliance with GLP. The study was carried out in a closed exposure system to minimize volatilization of the test substance. Groups of 10 daphnids (<24 h old) were exposed to nominal test substance concentrations of 0, 5.1, 13, 32, 80, 200 and 500 µg/L under daily static-renewal conditions. A solvent (dimethyl formamide) control group was also included. At exposure initiation and at each renewal interval (every 24 h), the test substance solutions were freshly prepared. Analytical concentration verification were performed every 7 d by gas chromatography with mass selective detection. The parameters monitored included daphnid survival, reproduction and total body length. Measured concentrations in newly prepared solutions were representative of nominal concentrations, but test substance concentrations decreased (12 to 44%) over the 24 h exposure periods. This concentration gradient was observed consistently despite precautionary measures taken to minimize loss (e.g., closed exposure system). Test results were therefore expressed based on the basis of geometric mean measured concentrations (4.0, 10, 25, 61, 170 and 400 µg/L). As demonstrated by the performance of the control and solvent control, conditions appropriate for promoting acceptable survival and reproduction of the test species were achieved in the exposure system. Control survival and reproduction met the minimum criteria established by OECD guidelines (≥80% survival and ≥60 offspring per female). Time of the first brood release was within the normal performance expectation for this species. Under the study conditions and based on reproduction (total living offspring per female and total living offspring per surviving female) and length, the 21 d NOEC of the test substance in Daphnia was determined to be 61 µg/L (Shaw, 2018).
Reference
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 61 µg/L
Additional information
A study was conducted to determine the long term toxicity of the substance on Daphnia magna, according to OECD Guideline 211, in compliance with GLP. The study was carried out in a closed exposure system to minimize volatilization of the test substance. Groups of 10 daphnids (<24 h old) were exposed to nominal test substance concentrations of 0, 5.1, 13, 32, 80, 200 and 500 µg/L under daily static-renewal conditions. A solvent (dimethyl formamide) control group was also included. At exposure initiation and at each renewal interval (every 24 h), the test substance solutions were freshly prepared. Analytical concentration verification were performed every 7 d by gas chromatography with mass selective detection. The parameters monitored included daphnid survival, reproduction and total body length. Measured concentrations in newly prepared solutions were representative of nominal concentrations, but test substance concentrations decreased (12 to 44%) over the 24 h exposure periods. This concentration gradient was observed consistently despite precautionary measures taken to minimize loss (e.g., closed exposure system). Test results were therefore expressed based on the basis of geometric mean measured concentrations (4.0, 10, 25, 61, 170 and 400 µg/L). As demonstrated by the performance of the control and solvent control, conditions appropriate for promoting acceptable survival and reproduction of the test species were achieved in the exposure system. Control survival and reproduction met the minimum criteria established by OECD guidelines (≥80% survival and≥60 offspring per female). Time of the first brood release was within the normal performance expectation for this species. Under the study conditions and based on reproduction (total living offspring per female and total living offspring per surviving female) and length, the 21dNOEC of the test substance in Daphnia was determined to be 61µg/L(Shaw, 2018).
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