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EC number: 908-712-1 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Skin irritation / corrosion
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin corrosion: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 08 May 2019 - 10 May 2019
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 019
- Report date:
- 2019
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 431 (In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Reconstructed Human Epidermis (RHE) Test Method)
- Version / remarks:
- 2016
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EU Method B.40 BIS IN VITRO SKIN CORROSION: HUMAN SKIN MODEL TEST
- Version / remarks:
- 2017
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Pentyl butyrate
- EC Number:
- 208-739-2
- EC Name:
- Pentyl butyrate
- Cas Number:
- 540-18-1
- Molecular formula:
- C9H18O2
- IUPAC Name:
- pentyl butyrate
- Reference substance name:
- 2-methylbutyl butyrate
- EC Number:
- 256-973-9
- EC Name:
- 2-methylbutyl butyrate
- Cas Number:
- 51115-64-1
- Molecular formula:
- C9H18O2
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-methylbutyl butyrate
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Name: Reaction mass of 2-methylbutyl butyrate and pentyl butyrate
Description: Clear colourless to pale yellow liquid
Purity: 99.8%
Storage conditions: Controlled room temperature (15-25°C, ≤70% relative humidity)
Safety precautions: Routine safety precautions (lab coat, gloves, safety glasses, face mask) for unknown materials were applied to assure personnel health and safety.
In vitro test system
- Test system:
- human skin model
- Source species:
- human
- Cell type:
- non-transformed keratinocytes
- Cell source:
- skin obtained from plastic surgery from a single donor
- Source strain:
- not specified
- Justification for test system used:
- The EPISKIN™(SM) model has been validated for corrosivity and irritation testing in an international validation study and its use is recommended by the relevant OECD guidelines for corrosivity and irritation testing (OECD No. 431 and OECD No. 439); therefore, it was considered to be suitable for this study.
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on test system:
- Human Skin:
EPISKIN™(SM) (Manufacturer: SkinEthic, France, Batch No.: 19-EKIN-019, Expiry Date: 13 May 2019) is a three-dimensional human epidermis model. Adult human-derived epidermal keratinocytes are seeded on a dermal substitute consisting of a collagen type I matrix coated with type IV collagen. A highly differentiated and stratified epidermis model is obtained after 13-day culture period comprising the main basal, supra basal, spinous and granular layers and a functional stratum corneum (Tinois et al., 1994). Its use for skin corrosivity and irritation testing involves topical application of test materials to the surface of the epidermis, and the subsequent assessment of their effects on cell viability.
Suggested expiry date: 13 May 2019
Quality Control:
EPISKIN™(SM) kits are manufactured according to defined quality assurance procedures (certified ISO 9001). All biological components of the epidermis and the kit culture medium have been tested for the presence of viruses, bacteria and mycoplasma. The quality of the final product is assessed by undertaking a MTT cell viability test and a cytotoxicity test with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). These quality control experiments were conducted at SkinEthic laboratories (supplier of the EPISKIN™(SM) Test Kits used in the present study) and are documented in Appendix 2. - Control samples:
- yes, concurrent negative control
- yes, concurrent positive control
- Amount/concentration applied:
- 50 µL of test item was added to each skin unit
50 µL of negative control (Physiological saline (0.9% (w/v) NaCl solution)) or positive control (glacial acetic acid) were added to each skin unit
Physiological saline (0.9% (w/v) NaCl solution):
Manufacturer: B. Pharmaceuticals SA
Batch No.: 90352Y05-2
Expiry Date: December 2021
Grade: sterile
Glacial acetic acid:
Supplier: VWR International Ltd.
Batch No.: 17H074111
Expiry date: 05 July 2020 - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- The plates with the treated epidermis units were incubated for the exposure time of 4 hours at room temperature (23.6-24.7°C)
- Duration of post-treatment incubation (if applicable):
- After 4 hours incubation time , the EPISKIN™ (SM) units were removed and rinsed thoroughly with PBS to remove any remaining material from the epidermal surface as much as possible. The rest of the PBS was removed from the epidermal surface with a pipette (without touching the epidermis).
After rinsing, the units were placed into the plate wells with fresh pre-warmed Maintenance Medium (2 mL/well) below them and then incubated for 42 hours
(±1 hour) at 37 °C in an incubator with 5% CO2, in a > 95% humidified atmosphere.
MTT solution (2 mL of 0.3 mg/mL MTT working solution) was added to each well below the skin units. The lid was replaced and the plate incubated at 37 °C in an incubator with 5% CO2 for 3 hours, protected from light, in a > 95% humidified atmosphere.
At the end of incubation with MTT, a formazan extraction was undertaken. A disk of epidermis was cut from each skin unit (this procedure involved the maximum area of the disk) using a biopsy punch (supplied as part of the kit). The epidermis was separated with the aid of forceps and both parts (epidermis and collagen matrix) were placed into a tube containing 500 µL acidified isopropanol (one tube corresponded to one well of the assay plate).
The capped tubes were thoroughly mixed by using a vortex mixer to achieve a good contact of all of the material and the acidified isopropanol, and then incubated overnight (corrosivity part of the test) or for two hours (irritation part of the test) at room temperature protected from light with gentle agitation (~150 rpm) for formazan extraction.
A blank sample containing 2 mL of acidified isopropanol was processed in parallel. - Number of replicates:
- 2 per timepoint
Results and discussion
In vitro
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation / corrosion parameter:
- % tissue viability
- Run / experiment:
- 1
- Value:
- 129.2
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation / corrosion parameter:
- % tissue viability
- Run / experiment:
- 2
- Value:
- 119.1
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation / corrosion parameter:
- % tissue viability
- Run / experiment:
- mean
- Value:
- 124.1
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- The results of the optical density (OD) measured at 570 nm of each sample and the calculated relative viability % values are presented in the results. The OD values for the test item treated skin samples showed 124.1% relative viability compared to the negative control.
Validity criteria:
After receipt, the two indicators of the delivered kits were checked. Based on the observed colours, the epidermis units were in proper conditions.
The mean OD value of the blank samples (acidified isopropanol) were 0.046 and 0.047.
The mean OD value of the two negative control tissues was in the recommended range (0.766).
The two positive control treated tissues showed 0.1% viability demonstrating the proper performance of the assay.
The difference of viability between the two test item-treated tissue samples in the MTT assay was 8.1%
The difference of viability between the two negative control tissue samples in the MTT assay was 2.3%.
High viability results (>>100%) do regularly occur in cases where the test item causes metabolic stimulation in the exposed cells, so the study result is not considered to be invalid.
Following exposure with Pentyl Butyrate (Sum of Isomers), the mean cell viability was 124.1% compared to the negative control. This is above the threshold of 35%, therefore the test item was considered as being non-corrosive.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1. Optical Density (OD) and the calculated relative viability % of the samples (Corrosivity test)
Substance | Optical Density (OD) | Viability (% RV) | ||
Measured | Blank corrected | |||
Negative Control: Physiological saline (0.9% (w/v) NaCl) | 1 | 0.822 | 0.775 | 101.2 |
2 | 0.804 | 0.757 | 98.8 | |
Mean | - | 0.766 | 100 | |
Positive Control: Glacial acetic acid | 1 | 0.048 | 0.002 | 0.2 |
2 | 0.046 | 0 | 0 | |
Mean | - | 0.001 | 0.1 | |
Test Item: Pentyl Butyrate (Sum of Isomers) | 1 | 1.036 | 0.99 | 129.2 |
2 | 0.959 | 0.912 | 119.1 | |
Mean | - | 0.951 | 124.1 |
Notes:
1. Mean blank value was 0.046.
2. Optical density means the mean value of the duplicate wells for each sample (rounded to three decimal places).
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- Following exposure with Pentyl Butyrate (Sum of Isomers), the mean cell viability was 124.1% compared to the negative control. This is above the threshold of 35%, therefore the test item was considered as being non-corrosive.
- Executive summary:
An in vitro skin corrosivity and irritation test of Pentyl Butyrate (Sum of Isomers) was performed in a reconstructed human epidermis model. EPISKINTM(SM) is designed to predict and classify the corrosivity and irritation potential of chemicals by measuring its cytotoxic effect as reflected in the MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay (detailed in section 3.6). The corrosivity and irritation potential of the test item was evaluated according to the OECD No. 431 and No. 439 guidelines [1, 2].
Disks of EPISKINTM(SM) were treated withthe test itemand incubated for 15 minutes (three units for irritation testing) and 4 hours (two units for corrosivity testing) at room temperature. Exposure of the test item was terminated by rinsing with Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS). The epidermis units were then incubated at 37°C for 42 hours in an incubator with 5% CO2,in a > 95% humidified atmosphere (irritation testing). The viability of each disk was assessed by incubating the tissues for 3 hours with MTT solution at 37°C in an incubator with 5% CO2protected from light, in a > 95% humidified atmosphere. The precipitated formazan crystals were then extracted using acidified isopropanol and quantified spectrophotometrically.
Physiological saline(0.9% (w/v) NaCl solution) treated epidermis were used as negative control and glacial acetic acid treated epidermis were used as positive control (two units/control) in case of the corrosivity testing. PBS treated epidermis were used as negative control and 5% (w/w) Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) solution treated epidermis were used as positive control (three units/control) in case of the irritation testing.For each treated tissue, the viability was expressed as a % relative to the negative control. For corrosivity, if the mean relative viability is <35% the test item is considered to be corrosive to skin. For irritation, if the mean relative viability after 15 minutes exposure and 42 hours post incubation is less or equal (≤) to 50% of the negative control, the test item is considered to be irritant to skin.
Following exposure withPentyl Butyrate (Sum of Isomers), the mean cell viability was 124.1% compared to the negative control. This is above the threshold of 35%, therefore the test item was considered as being non-corrosive.
The experiment met the validity criteria, therefore the study was considered to be valid.
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