Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 600-558-0 | CAS number: 104358-16-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Description of key information
Key, gene mutation, OECD 471, GLP, Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 102, TA 1535 and TA 1537, Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA, +/-S9: negative
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 15 MAR 2007 - 28 JUN 2007
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP study performed according to OECD TG 471.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Version / remarks:
- 21 July 1997
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
- Target gene:
- His operon (Salmonella), Trp operon (E. coli)
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, TA 100 and E. coli WP2
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 102
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- liver S9 mix from Aroclor 1254-pretreated rats Type and composition of metabolic activation system:
- source of S9 : Male Wistar, HSdCpb:Wu rats from Harlan Winkelmann, Borchen, Germany, aged 6-8 weeks, were given a single intraperitoneal injection of Aroclor 1254 (500 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in Miglyol 812 oil (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). The animals received drinking water and a standard diet ad libitum. About 16 hours before sacrifice, the rats remained without food. On day 5 to 7, they were sacrificed, the livers were removed and collected in ice-cooled sterilized beakers containing 0.15 M KCl. The livers were homogenized in a sterile glass potter homogenizer with a Teflon pestle containing 3 mL of 0.15 M KCl per gram of liver wet-weight. After homogenization the preparation was transferred to sterilized steel centrifuge tubes and spun at 9000 x g for 10 minutes at about + 4°C and the supernatant fluid was decanted and transferred into sterilized and precooled plastic tubes. The S9 was then frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen at -196°C.
- method of preparation of S9 mix :
The mixture of S9 plus the added cofactors is termed S9 mix:
Quantity per mL S9 mix
Components 1st Series 2nd Series
Liver homogenate (S9) 0.10 mL 0.30 mL
MgCl2/KCI aqueous solution (0.4 M/1.64 M) 0.02 mL 0.02 mL
Glucose-6-phosphate, disodium salt 5 µmol 5 µmol
NADP, disodium salt 4 µmol 4 µmol
Sodium phosphate buffer (0.2 M, pH 7.4) 0.50 mL 0.50 mL
Ultra pure water 0.38 mL 0.18 mL
- concentration or volume of S9 mix and S9 in the final culture medium: 10 % and 30 % S9 in the S9 mix are used in the 1st and 2nd test series, respectively.
- quality controls of S9 (e.g., enzymatic activity, sterility, metabolic capability): Every S9-batch is tested for its metabolic activity by the use of specific substrates, requiring different enzymes of the P450-isoenzyme family. The mutagenicity of 2-aminoanthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, and 3-methylcholanthrene is thus determined once for every S9-batch. Clear increases in the number of revertants for S. typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, and TA 1537 with all positive controls and for TA 1535 with 2-aminoanthracene are used as an acceptance criterion for each S9-batch. - Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 1st series: 8.89, 15.8, 28.1, 50, 88.9, 158, 281 µg/plate
2nd series: 28.1, 50, 88.9, 158, 281 µg/plate (due to limited solubility, the current test material was tested up to only 281 µg/plate) - Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: Acetone, Purity ≥ 99 %
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: Preferentially distilled water or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), alternatively acetone or ethanol, are used as solvents. Analysis of the historical data of the laboratory and experience of other research groups showed that the amounts of the selected solvents used have no influence on the number of spontaneous revertants of any strain. For this reason, only the respective solvent controls are used as the negative control in these studies.
- Justification for percentage of solvent in the final culture medium: Since organic solvents may have diverse effects on e.g. gene regulation usually the maximum amount of solvent is limited to 10 µL per plate for DMSO, ethanol, acetone or other organic solvents. Only the highest test material concentration may be plated with 31.6 µL organic solvent. - Untreated negative controls:
- no
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide
- 9-aminoacridine
- sodium azide
- benzo(a)pyrene
- cumene hydroperoxide
- other: Daunomycine, 2-Aminoanthracene
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS:
- Number of cultures per concentration (single, duplicate, triplicate): triplicate
- Number of independent experiments: 2
METHOD OF TREATMENT/ EXPOSURE:
- Test substance added in agar (plate incorporation)
TREATMENT AND HARVEST SCHEDULE:
- Exposure duration/duration of treatment: 2 to 3 days
METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: background growth inhibition
METHODS FOR MEASUREMENTS OF GENOTOXICIY
Revertant colonies were either scored using an Artek MiniCount colony counter or manually. The presence of a background lawn of non-revertant cells was checked for each plate. Tables of individual and mean values are generated by use of a validated, automated data processing program (Perceptive Instruments, Haverhill, Suffolk, UK). - Rationale for test conditions:
- Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli strains were tested in accordance with the plate incorporation method described by Ames et al. (1975) and the OECD and EEC guidelines for this test system. The methods were extensively harmonized to follow the requirements of the Labor Ministry of Japan -Notification dated June 13, 1979 and the Notification No. 1-24 of the Pharmaceutical Affairs
- Evaluation criteria:
- A test material is defined as non-mutagenic in this assay if
• "no" or "weak increases" occur in the first and second series of the main experiment. ("Weak increases" randomly occur due to experimental variation.)
A test material is defined as mutagenic in this assay if
• a dose-related (over at least two test material concentrations) increase in the number of revertants is induced, the maximal effect is a "clear increase", and the effects are reproduced at similar concentration levels in the same test system;
• "clear increases" occur at least at one test material concentration, higher concentrations show strong precipitation or cytotoxicity, and the effects are reproduced at the same concentration level in the same test system. - Statistics:
- no
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1535
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- True negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 102
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- cytotoxicity at two highest doses without S9
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- True negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1537
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- True negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 98
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- True negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- True negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- E. coli WP2 uvr A
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- no cytotoxicity, but tested up to precipitating concentrations
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not examined
- True negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Precipitation and time of the determination: precipitation at highest concentration of 281 µg/plate from beginning until end of experiment
STUDY RESULTS
- Concurrent vehicle negative and positive control data : The negative control mutant frequencies were all in the regular range. The strain specific positive control test materials, namely daunomycin, sodium azide, 4-nitroquinolin-N-oxide, 9-aminoacridine, and cumene hydroperoxide in the absence of S9 mix, yielded the expected mutant frequencies that were greatly in excess of the negative controls.
Ames test:
- Signs of toxicity : cytotoxicity in strain S. typhimurium TA102 at two highest doses without S9
- Mean number of revertant colonies per plate and standard deviation : please refer to attached file under 'Attached background material' - Conclusions:
- With and without addition of S9 mix as the external metabolizing system, the test material was not mutagenic under the experimental conditions described.
- Executive summary:
Study Design
The investigations for the mutagenic potential of the test item were performed using Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 102, TA 1535 and TA 1537, and Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA. The plate incorporation test with and without addition of liver S9 mix from Aroclor 1254-pretreated rats was used. Two independent experimental series were performed. In the two series with S9 mix, 10% S9 in the S9 mix were used in the 1st and 30 % in the 2nd series, respectively.
The procedures used in this study were in accordance with OECD Guideline 471 (adopted 1997), EEC Annex V Test B 13B 14 (2000), UKEMS Guidelines (1990) and ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline (1997). The study was performed in compliance with GLP.
Results
The test material was dissolved in acetone and tested at concentrations ranging from 8.89 to 281 µg/plate. Precipitation of the test material on the agar plates occurred at the highest concentration tested, i.e. 281 µg/plate. Weak toxicity to the bacteria was observed in the concentration range between 158 and 281 µg/plate in the absence of S9 mix..
Daunomycin, N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, 9-aminoacridine and cumene hydroperoxide served as strain specific positive control test materials in the absence of S9 mix. 2-Aminoanthracene and benzo[a]pyrene were used for testing the bacteria and the activity of the S9 mix. Each treatment with the test materials used as positive controls led to a clear increase in revertant colonies, thus, showing the expected reversion properties of all strains and good metabolic activity of the S9 mix used. In both series performed, there were no treatment-related increasing in the mutation frequencies observed with and without metabolic activation.
Conclusion
With and without addition of S9 mix as the external metabolizing system, the test material was not mutagenic under the experimental conditions described.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (negative)
Genetic toxicity in vivo
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
in vitro gene mutation in bacteria
Study Design
The investigations for the mutagenic
potential of the test item were performed using Salmonella typhimurium
tester strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 102, TA 1535 and TA 1537, and Escherichia
coli WP2 uvrA. The plate incorporation test with and without
addition of liver S9 mix from Aroclor 1254-pretreated rats was used.
Two independent experimental series were performed. In the two series
with S9 mix, 10% S9 in the S9 mix were used in the 1st and 30 % in the
2nd series, respectively.
The procedures used in this study were in accordance with OECD Guideline
471 (adopted 1997), EEC Annex V Test B 13B 14 (2000), UKEMS Guidelines
(1990) and ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline (1997). The study was
performed in compliance with GLP.
Results
The test material was dissolved in acetone
and tested at concentrations ranging from 8.89 to 281 µg/plate.
Precipitation of the test material on the agar plates occurred at the
highest concentration tested, i.e. 281 µg/plate. Weak toxicity to the
bacteria was observed in the concentration range between 158 and 281
µg/plate in the absence of S9 mix..
Daunomycin, N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, 9-aminoacridine and
cumene hydroperoxide served as strain specific positive control test
materials in the absence of S9 mix. 2-Aminoanthracene and benzo[a]pyrene
were used for testing the bacteria and the activity of the S9 mix. Each
treatment with the test materials used as positive controls led to a
clear increase in revertant colonies, thus, showing the expected
reversion properties of all strains and good metabolic activity of the
S9 mix used. In both series performed, there were no treatment-related
increasing in the mutation frequencies observed with and without
metabolic activation.
Conclusion
With and without addition of S9 mix as the external metabolizing system, the test material was not mutagenic under the experimental conditions described.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the result of the available studies, the registered substance is not subject to classification in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
![ECHA](/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/echa_logo.png)