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EC number: 412-180-1 | CAS number: 10221-57-5 1,2-DIETHOXYPROPANE; DIETHOXY-1,2-PROPANE
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vivo
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vivo mammalian somatic cell study: cytogenicity / erythrocyte micronucleus
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 18 June 1992 - 4 February 1993
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 993
- Report date:
- 1993
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 474 (Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of assay:
- mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 1,2-diethoxypropane
- EC Number:
- 412-180-1
- EC Name:
- 1,2-diethoxypropane
- Cas Number:
- 10221-57-5
- Molecular formula:
- C7H16O2
- IUPAC Name:
- 1,2-diethoxypropane
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: The material, a colourless liquid, was stored at ambient temperature in the dark when not in use.
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- CD-1
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Harlan Olac Limited, Shaw's Farm, Blackthorn, Bicester, Oxfordshire
- Age at study initiation: 6-7 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 25-37g (male) 20-29g (female)
- Assigned to test groups randomly: Yes (main test)
- Housing: Animals were kept individually in polypropylene and stainless steel cages measuring 48 cm x 15 cm x 13 cm. White wood shavings provided the bedding in the cages
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): SDS Rat and Mouse Maintenance Diet No. 1 obtained from Special Diet Services.Limited, Witham, Essex, England ad libutum (Appendix 10).
- Water: ad libitum
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 19-22 °C
- Humidity (%): 37-65%
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 h light-dark cycle
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: Tween 80
- Details on exposure:
- PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
Immediately prior to dosing, the test compound was dissolved in Tween 80 to give the required test concentration. The dose volume used for both the control and test compound treated animals was a constant 10 ml/kg body weight. Cyclophosphamide was prepared fresh as an 8 mg/ml solution in distilled water and administered to the positive control animals in dose volumes of 10 ml/kg to give a target dose of 80 mg/kg. The mice were weighed immediately before each exposure event and the dose volume adjusted using a graded, gavage-fitted 1 ml syringe. - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 and 48 hrs
- Frequency of treatment:
- Once
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Dose / conc.:
- 1 600 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Remarks:
- Males
- Dose / conc.:
- 2 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Remarks:
- Females
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 10 males and 10 females - test item and vehicle control
5 males and 5 females - positive control - Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Positive control(s):
- Cyclophosphamide;
- Route of administration: oral gavage
- Doses / concentrations: 80 mg/kg sampled at 24 hrs
Examinations
- Tissues and cell types examined:
- Femora, bone marrow, erythrocytes.
- Details of tissue and slide preparation:
- CRITERIA FOR DOSE SELECTION:
A toxicity study consisting of 2 parts, dose range finding and main toxicity test, was. undertaken prior to the micronucleus test. In the dose range finding, 6 groups of one male and one female CD-1 mice were dosed orally at 0 h with 1,2-Diethoxypropane as follows: 50, 125, 350, 800, 2000, 5000 mg/kg. The mice were observed for clinical signs or mortality at frequent intervals (1 min, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h and 4 h) post dosing, then twice daily until the end of the observation period. Surviving animals were killed 5 days after dosing by CO2 asphyxiation. A gross post mortem examination was performed on all animals, following compound induced death or scheduled kill. Animals deaths were induced at compound doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg in the males and at 5000 mg/kg in the females. The deaths were preceded by clinical signs consisting of piloerection, increased activity, subdued behaviour, ataxia, hunched appearance, laboured breathing, pale, tremors, increased breathing and prostration. The gross post mortem examination showed no abnormal findings (Appendices 1-3).
Based on the results of the dose range finding test, the exposure levels for the main toxicity test were set at 800, 1200 and 1600 mg/kg in the case of males, and 1200, 1600 and 2000 mg/kg in the case of females. No animal deaths were induced by these treatments. Clinical observations included piloerection, hunched appearance, increased activity, subdued behaviour, prostration, tremors, agitated, leaning to one side, ataxia, pale and laboured breathing. The gross post mortem examinations revealed no unusual findings. Taken together, these toxicity data indicated that the oral, single, dose MTD for I, 2-Diethoxypropane in CD-1 mice was around 1600 mg/kg for the males and 2000 mg/kg for the females (Appendices 4-8).
DETAILS OF SLIDE PREPARATION:
A drop of the suspension prepared from erythrocytes from the bone marrow was placed at one end of the slide and a smear made by drawing the top of a Pasteur pipette horizontally along the slide. Two slides were prepared from each tube and animal. The smear was left to air dry, fixed in methanol for ca 10 min and stained with 1% May-Grunwald in methanol and Sorenson's buffer for 5 min, then counterstained in 15% Giemsa (Gurr) in Sorenson's buffer for 15 min. The stained smears were rinsed in 3 changes of distilled water and air dried. Finally, the smears were cleared in Histo-clear and permanent slide preparations obtained by sealing glass coverslips onto the microscopic slides using DPX mountant.
METHOD OF ANALYSIS:
The better of the 2 prepared slides was selected for examination and the coded slides, assessed blind by the same operator. One thousand (1000) polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) per animal were scored for micronuclei and the frequency of micronucleated cells (MN-PCE) determined. As a control against inclusion of artefacts, or action of a mutagen on the G2 and/or mitotic phase of the cell cycle, the number of micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes (MN-NCE). In addition, scored micronuclei were assigned on the basis of size into small or large categories, historically defined as micronuclei occupying less or more than 25% of the visible cellular area. This classification provided a non-specific measure of compound induced spindle disfunction, as large micronuclei appear to derive from lagging chromosomes caused by damage to the mitotic apparatus during bone marrow erythropoiesis. The PCE/NCE ratio, a measure of compound induced systemic toxicity, was calculated by counting a minimum total of 500 erythrocytes (PCE + NCE) per bone marrow preparation. Leitz Dialux 20 binocular microscopes were used for this purpose. Magnification was nominally x 1000 using x 10 magnification eye pieces and a x 100 oil immersion objective. - Evaluation criteria:
- Assuming a mean frequency of MN-PCE of 0.128% per mouse and 0.122% in CD-1 mice for both sexes combined, a positive response was suspected if the total numbers of micronuclei within any one sample group of a given number of mice exceeded the corresponding value shown in table A. The cumulative historical micronucleus incidence in vehicle control dosed CD-l mice, treated with distilled water, corn oil or 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose, has in this 1aboratory been determined as 0.121%. This figure represents 629 observations of MN-PCE in a total sample of 520 mice with 1000 PCEs evaluated per animal. Average spontaneous micronucleus incidences equal to or in slight excess of 0.20% were noted in 11 out of 26 conducted experiments using 5 mice per sample and sex as a reference point. The mean frequency of MN-PCE in these high range groups was 0.24 ± 0.03%. Taken together these in-house findings support the validity of the overleaf tabulated criteria for a negative or positive test response.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Sex:
- male/female
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Toxicity:
- yes
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- not examined
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- RESULTS OF DEFINITIVE STUDY
The frequency of micronucleated bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCE) in mice dosed with the vehicle, 10 ml/kg Tween 80 was 0. 06% for the 24 h samp1e and 0. 04% for the 48 h sample. These values conformed to the in-house historical frequency range for vehicle control dosed mice (=0.00-0.24%/10 mice). Exposure of the mice to the positive control agent, 80 mg/kg Cyclophosphamide induced large increases of bone marrow micronuclei. The combined MN-PCE frequency for both sexes was 2.51%. An increase in the numbers of MN-NCE was similarly noted. Systemic toxicity was also in evidence, as shown by a prominent suppression of the PCE/NCE ratios in exposed mice.
The incidence of MN-PCE in bone marrow erythrocytes of the 1,2- Diethoxypropane dosed mice was within established negative control frequencies for all test groups. The highest MN-PCE frequency recorded for the test material (0.16%, males 48 h) was fully consistent with a negative micronucleus response, as assessed by concurrent and cumulative control criteria. An apparent suppression of the PCE/NCE ratio was observed in the 24 h bone marrow samples taken from males, indicating minor systemic toxicity at the lethal dose used. No evidence of toxicity was observed in female mice.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Two unscheduled deaths occurred following treatment with 1,2-Diethoxypropane. The deaths were in the group of females scheduled for sampling at 48 h. To balance the sample sizes, 1 animal was therefore, sampled at 48 h instead of the scheduled 24 h. Thus, 4 females were killed for each of the 2 sampling times. Clinical signs observed in the test compound group were piloerection, increased activity, ataxia, subdued behaviour, prostration, tremors, hunched appearance, laboured breathing, pale and hypothermic.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- In a mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test, 1,2-Diethoxypropane did not induce micronuclei in bone marrow cells when tested to maximum tolerated doses in male and female CD-1 mice.
- Executive summary:
In a CD-1 mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay (9003), groups of 10 male and female mice were treated by oral gavage with 1,2-Diethoxypropane at doses of 1600 mg/kg bw (males) and 2000 mg/kg bw (females). The animals were dosed once and bone marrow cells were harvested at 24 and 48 hrs post-treatment. The vehicle was Tween 80.
There were clinical signs of toxicity during the study. 1,2-Diethoxypropane was tested at an adequate dose (MTD; based on the dose range finding study). The positive control induced the appropriate response. There was not a significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow after any treatment time.
This study is classified as acceptable. This study satisfies the requirement for Test Guideline OECD 474 for in vivo cytogenetic mutagenicity data.
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