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EC number: 218-638-5 | CAS number: 2210-25-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 28 November 2017 and 29 November 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 13320 (Particle size analysis - Laser diffraction methods)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: CIPAC MT 187 “Particle Size Analysis by Laser Diffraction”, Handbook K, 2007
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of method:
- other: The analysis is conducted initially using a visual microscope and is then undertaken more formally using a Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyser
- Type of particle tested:
- other: powder
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Lot Number 2161004
Purity 99.41%
Description White to light yellow flakes, with characteristic odour
Expiry date 31/01/2018 - Mass median aerodynamic diameter:
- ca. 491.383 µm
- Geometric standard deviation:
- >= 8.749 - <= 9.459
- Key result
- Percentile:
- D10
- Mean:
- 30.759 µm
- St. dev.:
- 1.319
- Key result
- Percentile:
- D50
- Mean:
- 494.609 µm
- St. dev.:
- 9.761
- Key result
- Percentile:
- D90
- Mean:
- 1 197.05 µm
- St. dev.:
- 22.868
- Executive summary:
Particle Size Analysis using small volume (wet) module (SVM)
Average (µm)
Volume weighted mean
548.033
Median (d.50)
494.609
Mode
789.551
MMAD (Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter)
491.383
10 % of material is <
30.759
50 % of material is <
494.609
90 % of material is <
1197.050
by volume of sample was seen to be < 10.00 µm
2.45 %
Manual sieve analysis indicated that 27.7 % by weight of the sample had a particle size of < 2000 µm. A subsequent laser diffraction analysis on the < 2000 µm sample produced the results above
Reference
Optical Microscope Analysis
Standard visual observation
Sample observed to be mostly coarse powder with some large flakes also contains some medium and fine particles
Observation using 3.2 objective lens
The particles appeared to be irregular shaped crystals with some rectangular shaped crystals. The smallest individual particle size was approximately 6 µm and the largest individual size was approximately 2080 µm.
Observation using 40 objective lens
The sample was observed to be made up of single crystalline particles.
Manual Sieve Analysis
Full Test Results
Sieve size (µm) |
Sieve weight (g) |
Sieve + powder weight (g) |
Powder weight (g) |
% by weight |
< 2000 |
353.7 |
400.5 |
46.8 |
27.7 |
> 2000 |
325.9 |
448.2 |
122.3 |
72.3 |
|
|
TOTALS |
169.1 |
100.0 |
Solubility And Dispersability Test For Particle Size Analysis
Table of solubility results
Dispersant used : Silicone Oil & Kerosene
|
|
Series 1 |
|
|
Series 2 |
|
Silicone Oil |
||||||
Time elapsed |
1 (1.6 mg) |
2 (1.5 mg) |
3 (1.5 mg) |
1 (5.0 mg) |
2 (4.9 mg) |
3 (5.0 mg) |
10 seconds |
|
Welldispersed |
|
|
Welldispersed |
|
30 minutes |
|
Welldispersed |
|
|
Welldispersed |
|
60 minutes |
|
Welldispersed |
|
|
Welldispersed |
|
90 minutes |
|
Welldispersed |
|
|
Welldispersed |
|
120 minutes |
|
Welldispersed |
|
|
Welldispersed |
|
Kerosene |
||||||
Time elapsed |
1 (1.5 mg) |
2 (1.5 mg) |
3 (1.6 mg) |
1 (5.0 mg) |
2 (4.9 mg) |
3 (5.0 mg) |
10 seconds |
|
Well dispersed |
|
|
Welldispersed |
|
30 minutes |
|
Well dispersed |
|
|
Welldispersed |
|
60 minutes |
|
Well dispersed |
|
|
Welldispersed |
|
90 minutes |
|
Well dispersed |
|
|
Welldispersed |
|
120 minutes |
|
Well dispersed |
|
|
Welldispersed |
|
The sample was sieved < 2000 µm prior to testing to remove coarse particles/flakes (some of the flakes were in the region of 10 - 15 mm in diameter). Sample contained a wide range of particles from fine powder to large flakes. Testing using DPM did not give reproducible results. Testing was then carried out with silicone oil on SVM, this was not picking up the larger particles present in sample. Testing using kerosene as the solvent gave results which matched up with visual analysis.
Comments: The sample proved to be insoluble, and well dispersed in kerosene.
Kerosene was therefore used as the dispersant.
During the method development phase of the analysis trials were conducted using both the dry powder module (DPM) and the small volume (wet) module (SVM). The SVM trials were conducted using kerosene as the dispersant. The results of these trials indicated that the most appropriate test and material parameters to obtain the optimum measurements were.
Module: SVM
Dispersant: Kerosene
Average Sample Concentration: 1382 % Vol
Dispersion speed: 1500 rpm
Refractive index (sample): 1.500n
Absorption: 0 AU
Analysis Model: General Purpose (Normal)
Using the identified parameters, the particle size was analysed over the range 0.02 µm to 2000 µm.
Full Test Results
|
RUN 1 |
RUN 2 |
RUN 3 |
RUN 4 |
RUN 5 |
Average* * |
Volume weighted mean |
532.296 |
563.360 |
546.433 |
544.717 |
553.359 |
548.033 |
Median |
478.374 |
507.828 |
498.421 |
491.484 |
498.370 |
494.609 |
Mode |
751.375 |
819.429 |
779.471 |
788.731 |
812.267 |
789.551 |
MMAD * |
475.254 |
504.516 |
495.171 |
488.279 |
495.120 |
491.383 |
d10 - 10 % of material is < |
31.304 |
33.199 |
29.949 |
29.962 |
29.676 |
30.759 |
d50 - 50 % of material is < |
478.374 |
507.828 |
498.421 |
491.484 |
498.370 |
494.609 |
d90 - 90 % of material is < |
1160.836 |
1226.963 |
1187.100 |
1193.956 |
1214.393 |
1197.050 |
All results are in µm
*Mass median aerodynamic diameter
**Average result is calculated from the entirety of data captured in each run and is not a simple arithmetic mean.
2.45.% by volume of sample was seen to be<10.00 µm.
Standard Deviation results
Run No. |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
STDVP |
% STDVP |
d10 - 10 % of material is < |
31.304 |
33.199 |
29.949 |
29.962 |
29.676 |
1.319 |
4.3 |
d50 - 50 % of material is < |
478.374 |
507.828 |
498.421 |
491.484 |
498.370 |
9.761 |
2.0 |
d90 - 90 % of material is < |
1160.836 |
1226.963 |
1187.100 |
1193.956 |
1214.393 |
22.868 |
1.9 |
d15.78 - 15.78 % of material is < |
54.237 |
58.041 |
52.766 |
52.346 |
52.685 |
2.115 |
3.9 |
GSD |
8.820 |
8.749 |
9.446 |
9.389 |
9.459 |
0.318 |
3.5 |
MMAD |
475.254 |
504.516 |
495.171 |
488.279 |
495.120 |
9.697 |
2.0 |
GSD = Geometric standard deviation of the lognormal particle size distribution (calculated from d50/d15.78) STDVP = standard deviation of the population
% STDVP = percentage standard deviation of the population
Coefficient of variation for d50 is less than 3%; d10 and d90 are less than 5%. Thus repeatability of the characteristic particles in the size distribution are within the acceptable limits as per the ISO 13320-1 teststandard.
Description of key information
Particle Size Analysis using small volume (wet) module (SVM) |
Average (µm) |
Volume weighted mean |
548.033 |
Median (d.50) |
494.609 |
Mode |
789.551 |
MMAD (Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter) |
491.383 |
10 % of material is < |
30.759 |
50 % of material is < |
494.609 |
90 % of material is < |
1197.050 |
by volume of sample was seen to be < 10.00 µm |
2.45 % |
Manual sieve analysis indicated that 27.7 % by weight of the sample had a particle size of < 2000 µm. A subsequent laser diffraction analysis on the < 2000 µm sample produced the results above |
Additional information
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