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EC number: 271-547-2 | CAS number: 68585-02-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2018-11-12 to 2018-11-16
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2011
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- All loading levels and the control were analytically verified
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Six water accommodated fractions (WAF) were prepared 24 ± 1 prior to the start of the exposure.
For each loading level an appropriate amount of the test item was weighed out. The test item was applied onto a glass slide.
The glass slide with the test item was inserted into a brown glass flask with an appropriate amount of demineralized water.
These dispersions were shaken for at least 24 hours with 20 rpm at room temperature.
Undissolved particles were removed by membrane filtration (membrane filter 0.45 µm, RC, MACHEREY-NAGEL).
The filter was saturated in order to avoid adsorption during the filtration. The first 25 mL of the filtrate were discarded.
The filtration was interrupted for 15 minutes to allow adsorption and saturation of the filter material with dissolved test item.
Thereafter, the filtration was continued. The next 25 mL were discarded.
During filtration, the filter was always be kept covered.
The solutions were checked via laser beam (Tyndall effect) for undissolved test item. The Tyndall effect was negative.
Six water accommodated fractions (WAF) were prepared with a nominal loading of the test item of 1.00 -3.16 – 10.0 - 31.6 – 100 - 316 mg/L (factor √10). - Test organisms (species):
- Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- Details on test organisms
TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
- Strain: HINDÁK, CCAP 278/4
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): (Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae at the University of Goettingen 2014)
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): A four days old preculture, prepared in dilution water, was used as inoculum.
- Method of cultivation: Fresh stocks are prepared every month on Z-Agar. Light intensity amounts to 2567 – 5130 lux for 24 hours per day.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: A four days old preculture, prepared in dilution water, was used as inoculum.
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): Nutrient medium Z according to LÜTTGE et al. (1994)
Microscopic evaluation of the cells at the start and the end of exposure revealed no morphological abnormalities. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- 38 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 22.8
- pH:
- 7.75 - 9.61
- Conductivity:
- 141 µS/cm
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Six water accommodated fractions (WAF) were prepared with a nominal loading of the test item of 1.00 -3.16 – 10.0 - 31.6 – 100 - 316 mg/L (factor √10).
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Sterile Erlenmeyer flasks, volume: 250 mL, sealed with cotton wool plugs.
- Aeration: Test containers were placed on a rotary shaker and oscillated at approximately 70 rpm.
- Initial cells density:6442 cells/mL
- Control end cells density:
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: no
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 24 hours/day light
- Light intensity and quality: Approximately 4440 to 8880 lux, corresponding to 60 to 120 μE*m-2*s-1
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: fluorimeter
- Chlorophyll measurement: The cell density was measured daily via Chlorophyll a-fluorescence, excitation at 436 nm, emission at 685 nm.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
Six water accommodated fractions (WAF) were prepared with a nominal loading of the test item of 1.00 -3.16 – 10.0 - 31.6 – 100 - 316 mg/L (factor √10).
The loading levels are based on the results of a preliminary range finding test. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate, routine testing
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 135 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 50.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- other: Inhibition of yield
- Details on results:
- Microscopic evaluation of the cells at the start and end of exposure revealed no morphological abnormalities.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The toxicity of potassium dichromate (SIGMA ALDRICH, batch number MKBV0900V, purity 99.0%, CAS RN 7778-50-9) to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined over a period of 72 hours from 2018-09-25 to 2018-09-28.
ErC50 0.799 (95% confidence interval 0.707 – 1.30) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The NOEL and LOEL were determined by calculation of statistically significant differences of growth rates and yield.
The following statistical tests were conducted:
- Shapiro-Wilk’s test on normal distribution was calculated with a significance level of 0.01.
- Levene’s test on variance homogeneity was calculated with a significance level of 0.01.
- Multiple Sequentially-rejective Welsh-t-test after Bonferroni-Holm was done for growth rate with a significance level of 0.05.
- Monotonicity of Concentration/Response was calculated by trend analysis by contrasts (significance level 0.05) for yield.
- Williams Multiple Sequential t-test Procedure was performed for yield with a significance level of 0.05. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In this study, Octadecanoic acid, reaction products with acetic acid and tetraethylenepentamine was found to inhibit the growth of the freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata after 72 hours with the following effect values based on nominal test item loadings: The EL50-values with 95% confidence intervals for inhibition of growth rate (ErL50) and yield (EyL50) after 72 hours were 135 (123 – 157) mg/L and 50.5 (37.9 – 66.1) mg/L, respectively. The EL10-values with 95% confidence intervals for inhibition of growth rate (ErL10) and yield (EyL10) after 72 hours were 45.7 (34.1 – 59.0) mg/L and < 1.00 mg/L, respectively.
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of Octadecanoic acid, reaction products with acetic acid and tetraethylenepentamine to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined according to the principles of OECD 201 andCouncil Regulation (EC) No. 266/2016 C.3.
The aim of the study was the determination of NOEL, LOEL, EL10, EL20- and EL50-values of growth rate and yield over a period of 72 hours.
The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 6442 cells/mL. Six water accommodated fractions (WAF) with the nominal test item loadings 1.00 -3.16 – 10.0 - 31.6 – 100 - 316 mg/L (factor √10) were prepared with demineralized water. For each loading level an appropriate amount of the test item was weighed out. The test item was applied onto a glass slide. The glass slide with the test item was inserted into a brown glass flask with an appropriate amount of demineralized water. These dispersions were shaken for at least 24 hours with 20 rpm at room temperature. Undissolved particles were removed by membrane filtration (membrane filter 0.45 µm, RC,Macherey-Nagel).The filter was saturated in order to avoid adsorption during the filtration. The first 25 mL of the filtrate were discarded. The filtration was interrupted for 15 minutes to allow adsorption and saturation of the filter material with dissolved test item. Thereafter, the filtration was continued. The next 25 mL were discarded. The following water soluble fraction (WSFs) were used in the test. During filtration, the filter was always be kept covered. The solutions were checked via laser beam (Tyndall effect) for undissolved test item. The Tyndall effect was negative. The components of the dilution water were added to the WSFs. Three replicates were tested for each test item loading and six replicates for the control. The environmental conditions were within the acceptable limits.
The concentrations of the test item in all loading levels and the control were analytically verified via analysis of total organic carbon at the start of the exposure (fresh media, 0 hours) and at the end of the exposure (aged media, 72 hours). The TOC values at the beginning of the exposure were in a range of < LOQ to 11.9 mg C/L. At the end of the exposure, the TOC values were in the range of < LOQ to 9.79 mg C/L.
All effect values given are based on the nominal test item loadings:
Growth Rate Inhibition
NOEL: 10.0 mg/L
LOEL: 31.6 mg/L
ErL10: 45.7 (34.1 – 59.0) mg/L
ErL20: 72.3 (61.5 – 80.2) mg/L
ErL50: 135 (123 - 157) mg/L
Reference
TOC Content of the Test Media at the Start and the End of the Exposure
Sampling |
0 hours Start of the exposure |
72 hours End of the exposure |
Nominal test item concentration [mg/L] |
TOC[mg C/L] |
|
Meas. TOC [mg C/L] |
Meas. TOC [mg C/L] |
|
316 |
11.9 |
9.79 |
100 |
3.73 |
3.79 |
31.6 |
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
10.0 |
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
3.16 |
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
1.00 |
2.67 |
2.41 |
Control |
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
Validity Criteria
Validity Criterion |
Required |
This study |
Control |
||
Increase of the cell growth in the control cultures |
Exponentially≥16-fold corresponding to a specific growth rate of 0.92 day-1 |
267-fold |
Mean coefficients of variation for section-by-section specific growth rates (days 0-1, 1-2 and 2-3) in the control cultures |
≤35% |
22.0% |
Coefficient of variation of average specific growth rates during the whole test period in replicate control cultures |
≤7% |
1.30% |
Description of key information
In this study, Octadecanoic acid, reaction products with acetic acid and tetraethylenepentamine was found to inhibit the growth of the freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata after 72 hours with the following effect values based on nominal test item loadings: The EL50-values with 95% confidence intervals for inhibition of growth rate (ErL50) and yield (EyL50) after 72 hours were 135 (123 – 157) mg/L and 50.5 (37.9 – 66.1) mg/L, respectively. The EL10-values with 95% confidence intervals for inhibition of growth rate (ErL10) and yield (EyL10) after 72 hours were 45.7 (34.1 – 59.0) mg/L and < 1.00 mg/L, respectively.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 135 mg/L
Additional information
The toxicity of Octadecanoic acid, reaction products with acetic acid andtetraethylenepentamine to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined according to the principles of OECD 201 andCouncil Regulation (EC) No. 266/2016 C.3.
The aim of the study was the determination of NOEL, LOEL, EL10, EL20- and EL50-values of growth rate and yield over a period of 72 hours.
The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 6442 cells/mL. Six water accommodated fractions (WAF) with the nominal test item loadings 1.00 -3.16 – 10.0 - 31.6 – 100 - 316 mg/L (factor √10) were prepared with demineralized water. For each loading level an appropriate amount of the test item was weighed out. The test item was applied onto a glass slide. The glass slide with the test item was inserted into a brown glass flask with an appropriate amount of demineralized water. These dispersions were shaken for at least 24 hours with 20 rpm at room temperature. Undissolved particles were removed by membrane filtration (membrane filter 0.45 µm, RC,Macherey-Nagel).The filter was saturated in order to avoid adsorption during the filtration. The first 25 mL of the filtrate were discarded. The filtration was interrupted for 15 minutes to allow adsorption and saturation of the filter material with dissolved test item. Thereafter, the filtration was continued. The next 25 mL were discarded. The following water soluble fraction (WSFs) were used in the test. During filtration, the filter was always be kept covered. The solutions were checked via laser beam (Tyndall effect) for undissolved test item. The Tyndall effect was negative. The components of the dilution water were added to the WSFs. Three replicates were tested for each test item loading and six replicates for the control. The environmental conditions were within the acceptable limits.
The concentrations of the test item in all loading levels and the control were analytically verified via analysis of total organic carbon at the start of the exposure (fresh media, 0 hours) and at the end of the exposure (aged media, 72 hours). The TOC values at the beginning of the exposure were in a range of < LOQ to 11.9 mg C/L. At the end of the exposure, the TOC values were in the range of < LOQ to 9.79 mg C/L.
All effect values given are based on the nominal test item loadings:
Growth Rate Inhibition
NOEL: 10.0 mg/L
LOEL: 31.6 mg/L
ErL10: 45.7 (34.1 – 59.0) mg/L
ErL20: 72.3 (61.5 – 80.2) mg/L
ErL50 : 135 (123 - 157) mg/L
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