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EC number: 233-588-4 | CAS number: 10250-45-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 14 November 2008 to 15 December 2008
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-D (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 835.3110 (Ready Biodegradability)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, industrial (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: Fresh activated sludge from a biological waste water treatment plant treating predominantly domestic sewage (City of Geneva, Peney-Dessous) was used.
- The sludge was collected in the morning, washed three times in the mineral medium (by centrifuging at 1000 g for 10 minutes, discarding the supernatant and resuspending in mineral medium) and kept aerobic until being used on the same day.
- Concentration of sludge: The dry weight of suspended solids was determined by taking two 50 mL samples of the homogenised sludge, evaporating water on a steam bath, drying in an oven at 105 – 110 °C for two hours and weighing the residue. 2.00 mL of suspended sludge, diluted to a concentration of 1.53 g/L dry matter, corresponding to 3.06 mg dry weight was added to the flasks. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 31 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: The following stock solutions were prepared:
Solution A: KH2PO4 8.5 g, K2HPO4 21.75 g, Na2HPO4·2 H2O 33.4 g and NH4CI 0.5 g dissolved in water and made up to 1 litre.
Solution B: CaCl2 27.5 g, dissolved in water and made up to 1 litre.
Solution C: MgSO4.7H2O, 22.5 g dissolved in water and made up to 1 litre.
Solution D: FeCl3.6H2O 0.25 g and HCI conc. one drop, dissolved in water and made up to 1 litre.
Mineral medium was prepared by mixing 50 mL of solution A and 2000 mL deionised water, adding 5 mL of each of the solutions B, C and D and making up to 5 litres with deionised water. The pH was measured and if necessary adjusted to 7.4 ± 0.2 with phosphoric acid or potassium hydroxide.
- Test material samples (10.2 mg, corresponding to 100 mg/L in 102 mL of mineral medium) were weighed in small aluminium boats and added directly to the test flasks of the Oxitop, whereas reference the substance (sodium benzoate) was added as 1.00 mL of a 10.2 g/L solution in mineral medium, to give a total volume of 103 mL.
- Test temperature: 22 °C
- pH: 7.56 – 8.05
- pH adjusted: no
- Suspended solids concentration: 30 mg/L
- Continuous darkness: yes, placed in the cupboard of the Oxitop system.
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: test flasks of the Oxitop
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Measuring equipment: measuring unit of the Oxitop test flasks
- Details of trap for CO2: Two sodium hydroxide pellets are placed in the quivers on top of the bottle, and the flasks are closed tightly with the measuring heads.
SAMPLING
- Everyday the oxygen consumption of each flask was recorded and correct temperature and stirring were checked. At the end of the test period (normally 28 days), the pH of each flask was measured again.
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: Two flasks
- Toxicity control: As suggested in the OECD 301 F method, the toxicity of the test material for the inoculum was checked. Therefore, a pair of flasks of the volumetric respirometer were filled with mineral medium + test material (100 mg/L) + reference substance (100 mg/L) + inoculum and their respirations were recorded as for the other flasks. If they were lower than those of the flasks containing mineral medium + reference substance (100 mg/L) + inoculum, the test material was assumed to be inhibitory to the inoculum used. - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Test performance:
- The repeatability validity criterion (not more than 20% difference between replicates) was fulfilled. Therefore, the test was considered valid.
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 80
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- - The test material underwent 80% biodegradation after 28 days (82% after 31 days) under the test conditions. The 10-day window criterion was also fulfilled (15% biodegradation on day 7 and 63% on day 17).
- The curves obtained with the reference substance alone and with the test material + reference substance showed no toxic effect of the test material to the micro-organisms at the test concentration (100 mg/L).
- The test material should be regarded as readily biodegradable according to this test. - Results with reference substance:
- Degradation of sodium benzoate exceeded 40% after 7 days and 65% after 14 days: the activity of the inoculum was thus verified (validity criterion).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this study, the test material is considered to be readily biodegradable.
- Executive summary:
The ready biodegradability of the test material was investigated in accordance with the standardised guidelines OECD 301F, EU Method C.4 -D and EPA OPPTS 835.3110, under GLP conditions, following the Manometric Respirometry Test method.
Under the conditions of the study the test material underwent 80% biodegradation after 28 days (82% after 31 days). The 10-day window criterion was also fulfilled (15% biodegradation on day 7 and 63% on day 17). The curves obtained with the reference substance alone and with the test material + reference substance showed no toxic effect of the test material to the micro-organisms at the test concentration (100 mg/L).
The test material was therefore considered to be readily biodegradable.
Reference
Table 1: Biodegradability of the Test Material
|
|
Days |
5 |
7 |
17 |
21 |
28 |
31 |
O2 uptake of sludge (inoculum blank) |
1 |
B1 |
10.5 |
15.8 |
31.5 |
36.8 |
36.8 |
36.8 |
2 |
B2 |
10.5 |
21.0 |
26.3 |
31.5 |
42.1 |
42.1 |
|
Mean |
B |
10.5 |
18.4 |
28.9 |
34.2 |
39.5 |
39.5 |
|
O2 uptake of test material + sludge |
9 |
C1 |
36.7 |
57.7 |
204.7 |
225.6 |
257.6 |
262.6 |
10 |
C2 |
26.3 |
57.7 |
188.7 |
215.6 |
246.6 |
251.6 |
|
O2 uptake of test material |
|
C1-B |
26.2 |
39.3 |
175.8 |
191.5 |
218.1 |
223.1 |
|
C2-B |
15.8 |
39.3 |
159.8 |
181.5 |
207.1 |
212.1 |
|
% biodegradation of test material |
|
D1 |
10 |
15 |
66 |
72 |
82 |
84 |
|
D2 |
6 |
15 |
60 |
68 |
78 |
80 |
|
Mean |
D |
8 |
15 |
63 |
70 |
80 |
82 |
|
% degradation of test material in presence of reference substance (co-metabolism) |
|
Dco1 |
8 |
14 |
39 |
47 |
63 |
67 |
|
Dco2 |
12 |
14 |
44 |
53 |
69 |
75 |
|
|
Dco |
10 |
14 |
42 |
50 |
66 |
71 |
B1, B2, C1 , C2, A1, A2, E1, E2: experimental O2 uptake values
B = (B1 + B2) / 2
D1 = 100*(C1 -B)/ThOD*[S]
Dco1 = 100*(E1 -A1)/Th0D*[S]
D2 = 100 * (C2 - B) / ThOD * [S]
Dco2 = 100 * (E2 - A2) / Th OD * [S]
D = (D1 + D2)/2 Dco = (Dco1 + Dco2)/2
[S] : Initial test material concentration (mg/L)
Description of key information
Under the conditions of the study, the test material was considered to be readily biodegradable.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
The ready biodegradability of the test material was investigated in accordance with the standardised guidelines OECD 301F, EU Method C.4 -D and EPA OPPTS 835.3110, under GLP conditions, following the Manometric Respirometry Test method. The study was awarded a reliability score of 1 in accordance with the criteria set forth by Klimisch et al. (1997).
Under the conditions of the study the test material underwent 80 % biodegradation after 28 days (82 % after 31 days). The 10-day window criterion was also fulfilled (15% biodegradation on day 7 and 63 % on day 17). The curves obtained with the reference substance alone and with the test material + reference substance showed no toxic effect of the test material to the micro-organisms at the test concentration (100 mg/L).
The test material was therefore considered to be readily biodegradable.
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