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EC number: 203-028-3 | CAS number: 102-40-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Start date of the experimental work: 1 February 2018 and completion date of the experimental work: 8 May 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Version / remarks:
- Manual sieve analysis and laser diffraction analysis
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- To characterise the particle size distribution of the powder. The analysis is conducted initially using a visual microscope and is then undertaken more formally using a Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyser. The benefit of this procedure is that it allows the operator to obtain a better understanding of the particle characterisation of the material. This includes, but is not limited to, sample clusters and agglomerations which may provide false values in the formal particle size analysis. In these situations, where the operator can assess how easily these clusters or agglomerations are dispersed, ultrasonics may be employed. Owing to the extremely small quantities of material used in this analysis it should be noted that discrepancies can arise between the lower and upper limits of the particle size and the actual value obtained in the formal particle size analysis.
The sample is observed under 3 conditions:
- Direct observation
- Under a microscope using 3.2 objective lens
- Under a microscope using 40 objective lens - GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of method:
- other: manual sieveing analysis and laser diffraction analysis
- Type of particle tested:
- other: powder
- Key result
- Percentile:
- other: 10%
- Mean:
- < 44.9 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: Particle Size Analysis using small volume (wet) module (SVM) with Silicone Oil as the dispersant
- Key result
- Percentile:
- other: 50%
- Mean:
- < 195 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: Particle Size Analysis using small volume (wet) module (SVM) with Silicone Oil as the dispersant
- Key result
- Percentile:
- other: 90 %
- Mean:
- < 691 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: Particle Size Analysis using small volume (wet) module (SVM) with Silicone Oil as the dispersant
- Key result
- Percentile:
- other: 0.25 %
- Mean:
- < 10 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: by volume of sample was seen to be < 10.00 μm is 0.25%
- Percentile:
- other: 88.6% by weight of the sample
- Mean:
- < 2 000 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: Manual sieve analysis
- Conclusions:
- Particle Size Analysis using small volume (wet) module (SVM) with Silicone Oil as the dispersant.
Volume weighted mean 310 μm
Median (d.50) 195 μm
Mode 324 μm
10 % of material is < 44.9 μm
50 % of material is < 195 μm
90 % of material is < 691 μm
by volume of sample was seen to be < 10.00 μm
0.25% Manual sieve analysis indicated that 88.6 % by weight of the sample had a particle size of < 2000 μm. A subsequent laser diffraction analysis on the < 2000 μm sample produced the results above.
Reference
Manual sieve Analysis:
Results: 88.6% by weight < 2000 μm
Full test results:
Sieve size (μm) | Sieve weight (g) | Sieve + powder weight (g) | Powder weight (g) | % by weight |
< 2000 | 325.47 | 1037.53 | 712.1 | 88.6 |
> 2000 | 349.44 | 441.41 | 92.0 | 11.4 |
TOTALS | 804.0 | 100.0 |
Preliminary Solubility And Dispersability For Particle Size Analysis results
Solution used | Soluble | Comments |
Silicone oil | No | Good dispersability |
Comment
Sample had surface active properties and this limited the choice of dispersants. However the sample was found to be well dispersed in silicone oil. Thus silicone oil was investigated and applied for the analysis.
Solubility And Dispersability Test For Particle Size Analysis
Dispersant used: Silicone Oil
Series 1 | Series 2 | |||||
Time elapsed | 1 (1.5 mg) | 2 (1.5 mg) | 3 (1.5 mg) | 1 (5.0 mg) | 2 (5.0 mg) | 3 (5.0 mg) |
10 seconds | Well dispersed | Well dispersed | ||||
30 minutes | Well dispersed | Well dispersed | ||||
60 minutes | Well dispersed | Well dispersed | ||||
90 minutes | Well dispersed | Well dispersed | ||||
120 minutes | Well dispersed | Well dispersed |
Comments : The sample proved to be insoluble, and well dispersed in silicone oil. Silicone oil was therefore used as the dispersant.
LASER DIFFRACTION PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS RESULTS:
Run 1 | Run 2 | Run 3 | Run 4 | Run 5 | Average ** | |
Volume weighted mean | 312 | 284 | 306 | 336 | 314 | 106 |
Median | 199 | 192 | 188 | 202 | 197 | 195 |
Mode | 327 | 336 | 304 | 327 | 328 | 324 |
d10 - 10 % of material is < | 45.2 | 44.6 | 44.3 | 45.3 | 44.9 | 44.9 |
d50 - 50 % of material is < | 199 | 192 | 188 | 202 | 197 | 195 |
d90 - 90 % of material is < | 701 | 630 | 680 | 756 | 701 | 691 |
All results are in μm
* Mass median aerodynamic diameter
** Average result is calculated from the entirety of data captured in each run and is not a simple arithmetic mean.
0.25 % by volume of sample was seen to be < 10.00 μm.
Standard deviation results
Run N° | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | STDVP | % STDVP |
d10 - 10 % of material is < | 45.2 | 44.6 | 44.3 | 45.3 | 44.9 | 0.406 | 0.905 |
d50 - 50 % of material is < | 199 | 192 | 188 | 202 | 197 | 5.52 | 2.82 |
d90 - 90 % of material is < | 701 | 630 | 680 | 756 | 701 | 45.1 | 6.51 |
GSD | 2.894 | 2.787 | 2.892 | 2.981 | 2.903 | 0.062 | 2.1 |
GSD = Geometric standard deviation of the lognormal particle size distribution (calculated from d50/d15.78)
STDVP = standard deviation of the population
% STDVP = percentage standard deviation of the population
Coefficient of variation for d50 is less than 3%; d10 is less than 5%. Thus repeatability of the characteristic particles in the size distribution are within the acceptable limits as per the ISO 13320-1 test standard. See comments below regarding coefficient of variation for d90.
Comment
Although the largest particles observed under microscopic investigation were < 500 μm, the sample was sieved to remove lumps/ agglomerations of size > 2000 μm prior to the distribution analysis. It was extremely difficult to breakdown the clumps into individual particles before or during the distribution analysis.
From the standard deviation calculations, d10 and d50 are within the acceptable limits set by the ISO 13320-1 protocol but the d90 was out.
This may be attributed to the inability to breakdown the lumps into individual particles using the apparatus impeller.
Description of key information
Particle Size Analysis using small volume (wet) module (SVM) with Silicone Oil as the dispersant.
Volume weighted mean 310 μm
Median (d.50) 195 μm
Mode 324 μm
10 % of material is < 44.9 μm
50 % of material is < 195 μm
90 % of material is < 691 μm
by volume of sample was seen to be < 10.00 μm
0.25% Manual sieve analysis indicated that 88.6 % by weight of the sample had a particle size of < 2000 μm. A subsequent laser diffraction analysis on the < 2000 μm sample produced the results above.
Additional information
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