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EC number: 620-318-9 | CAS number: 1003049-92-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 23-07-2016 to 29-07-2016 and 11-08-2016 to 22-09-2016
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- At start of the test duplicate samples from all test concentrations and the control were taken
After 72hrs test duplicate samples from all test concentrations and the control were taken
All samples were stored in a freezer (< -20°C) at test facility.
By default for all concentration one replicate was sent to the analytical determination lab while the other was kept at
the biological test site. As for two probes, issues came up with the send replicate, the other replicate were send as well (This referred to probe with
highest concentration and the probe with the second highest concentration) - Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- As test water reconstituted water was used
Macro nutrients (mg/L):
NaHCO3 50 mg/L
CaCI2*2H20 18 mg/L
NH4Cl 15 mg/L
MgSO4*7H20 15 mg/L
MgCl2*6H20 12.0 mg/L
KH2PO4 1.6 mg/L
Trace elements (µg/L):
Na2EDTA*2H20 100
FeCl3 *6H20 64
MnCl2*4H20 415
H3BO3 185
Na2MoO4 *2H2O 7
ZnCl2 3
CoCl2*6H20 1.5
CuCl2*2H20 0.01
Calculated water hardness 0.24 mmol/L as caCO3
pH value was adjusted with 1M Hcl to pH 8.1
test concentrations: load ing of 100 mg/L of test item and dilutions with 1:2.5, 1:6.25, 1:15.6, 1:39.1 with nominal concentrations of 100, 40,16, 6.4 and 2.56 mg test item/L
Dosage of test item: before test start test concentration with highest loading was prepared by mixing 100.3mg test item with 1003ml test water. This solution was ultrasonicated for 10 minutes and stirred for 24 hours at room temperature in the dark. After 24 hours the undissolved part was seperated by filtration (0.45µm cellulose acetate filter). For the filtrate pH value was readjusted from pH 10.1 to pH 8.1. The remaining filtrate was used as the test item with the highest concentration and the other test items (with lower concentrations) were generated by dilution thereof. - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Green algae
- Strain: Pseudokirchnerella subcapitata (formerly known as Selenastrum capricornutum, recently renamed as Raphidocelis subcapitata, strain no 61.81 SAG
- Origin (laboratory, culture collection): laboratory (Sammlung von Algenkulturen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut fürPflanzenwisssenschaften, Universität Göttingen)
breeding conditions: test laboratory under standardized conditions according to OECD guideline - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- from test water calculated 24mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 21 to 23°C
- pH:
- 8.1 at test start and 7.8 to 9.1 at test end (10.0 prior to adjustment of highest concentration)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal conc. test item 100 | 40 | 16| 6.4 | 2.56 | 0 mg/L
measured conc. barium 0 h 5.94 | 2.49 | 1.10 | 0.44 | 0.18 | < 0.10 mg/L
measured conc. barium 72 h 6.66 | 2.60 | 1.07 | 0.42 | 0.18 | < 0.10 mg/L
measured conc. strontium 0 h 24.64 | 9.35 | 3.79 | 1.57 | 0.60 | < 0.10 mg/L
measured conc. strontium 72 h 24.22 | 9.54 | 3.81 | 1.58 | 0.60| < 0.10 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks of 50 ml volume with 50ml of test medium, 3 replicates per test concentration and 6 per control
- Type (delete if not applicable): flasks covered with glass dishes
- Initial cells density: 5000 cells/mL (taken from exponentially growing pre-culture, which was setup 4 days before test start under same conditions as test)
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
Light regime and intensity: continuous illumination. Light intensity was measured once during test at 6 different positions at the test surface with mean lightintensity of 5292 lux ( range 5000-5720 lux) - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 60.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: CI 95% 59.3-62.7
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 16.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: CI 95% 15.3-17.2
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 6.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield and growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 16 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield and growth rate
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The sensitivity of the test system has to be demonstrated periodically using potassium dichromate.
Under the given experimental conditions, the test item potassium dichromate showed 72h EC50 values which are within the recommended range (Yield EC50 0.721 mg test item/L (CI 95% 0.588 – 0.847), biomass EC50= 0.794 mg test item/L (CI 95% 0.668-0.910) and Growth rate EC50=1.50 mg test item/L CI 95%( 1.43 –1.58 mg/L)). EC20 values are: Yield EC20 0.531 mg test item/L (CI 95% 0.367 – 0.638 mg/L), biomass EC20= 0.552 mg test item/L (CI 95% 0.381-0.658) and Growth rate EC20=0.731mg test item/L CI 95% (0.673 –0.785 mg/L)), EC10 values are : Yield EC10 0.452 mg test item/L (CI 95% 0.280 – 0.562), biomass EC10= 0.456 mg test item/L (CI 95% 0.278-0.569) and Growth rate EC10=0.502 mg test item/L CI 95% (0.447 –0.554 mg/L)), - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The test material, solved in reconstituted water, was tested in an static concentration response test with 5 different loadings.
Under the conditions of the present study, the 72h ErC50 value was 60.9 mg test item/L (for the growth rate). ErC10 values were 16.3 mg test item/L for growth rate.
Highest nominal concentration without statistical significant effects (NOEC) was 6.4 mg test item/L.
Lowest nominal concentration with statistical significant effects (LOEC) was 16 mg test item/L. - Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- For this endpoint information from a structural similar compound is available. This study for this similar compound was performed according to GLP and the methods applied are fully compliant with OECD TG 201. See chapter 13 report for a more detailed justification.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 60.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: CI 95% 59.3-62.7
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 16.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: CI 95% 15.3-17.2
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1: Yield and percentage inhibition of y during test period
loading rate [mg test item/L] |
yield [10000/mL]@24 hrs |
% inhibition |
yield [10000/mL]@48 hrs |
% inhibition | yield [10000/mL]@72 hrs |
% inhibition |
Control | 1.014 | - | 7.821 | 50.941 | - | |
2.56 | 1.228 | -21.1 | 8.754 | -11.9 | 56.959 | -11.8 |
6.4 | 1.157 | -14.1 | 8.324 | -6.4 | 53.202 | -4.4 |
16 | 1.228 | -21.1 | 7.893 | -0.9 | 42.163 | 17.2 |
40 | 1.085 | -7.0 | 5.238 | 33.0 | 7.587 | 85.1 |
100 | 0.8 | 21.1 | 1.865 | 76.1 | 1.991 | 96.1 |
Table 2: Growth rates µ and percentage inhibition of µ during test period
Loading rate and dilutions
|
growth rates µ 0 -24 hrs |
% inhibition 0 -24 hrs |
growth rates µ 0 -48 hrs |
% inhibition 0 -48 hrs |
growth rates µ 0 -72 hrs |
% inhibition 0- 72 hrs |
||
control | 1.106 | - | 1.405 | - | 1.544 | - | ||
2.56 | 1.238 | -12.0 | 1.459 | -3.9 | 1.581 | -2.4 | ||
6.40 | 1.196 | -8.2 | 1.435 | -2.2 | 1.558 | -1.0 | ||
16 | 1.238 | -12.0 | 1.410 | -0.4 | 1.482 | 4.0 | ||
40 | 1.154 | -4.4 | 1.220 | 13.1 | 0.927 | 39.9 | ||
100 | 0.953 | 13.8 | 0.777 | 44.7 | 0.534 | 65.4 |
Microscopic examination of algal cells: Shape of algal cells after 72 hours exposure time versus control items did not show any difference for up to 16 mg/L nominal concentration of test item. For 40 and 100 mg test item/L cells were observed to be smaller but thicker.
Study Design
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of the test item on the growth and growth rate of the freshwater green algae species Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. The study design included one control group with six replicates and five test item groups with three replicates, each containing 50 mL reconstituted water or test medium and about 5000 cells/mL at the start of the experimental phase. The study was performed with nominal concentrations of 2.56, 6.4, 16, 40 and 100.0 mg/L in reconstituted water. The growth of the algae was calculated after 24, 48, and 72 hours exposure in the test item and control groups. Analytical controls of the test item preparation were performed at the start of the study and after 72 hours.
This study was performed according to GLP and the methods applied are fully compliant with OECD TG 201.
Results
Parameter Refering to 72 hours exposure time |
Yield [mg test item/L] |
Growth rate [mg test item/L] |
EC50 |
24.8 (95% CI: 23.7 - 25.9) |
60.9 (95% CI: 59.3 - 62.7) |
EC20 |
16.8 (95% CI: 15.8 -17.7) |
25.6 (95% CI: 24.5 -26.7) |
EC10 |
13.7 (95% CI: 12.6 - 14.6) |
16.3 (95% CI: 15.3 -17.2) |
NOEC |
6.4 |
6.4 |
LOEC | 16 | 16 |
Conclusion
The test material, solved in reconstituted water, was tested in a static concentration response test with 5 different loadings. Under the conditions of the present study, the 72h EC50 value was 24.8 mg test item/L (yield) and 60.9 mg test item/L for the growth rate
Description of key information
For a structural analogue substance, the follwoing values were determined based on growth rate.
ErC50 60.9 mg/L
ErC20 25.6 mg/L
ErC10 16.3 mg/L
NOEC 6.4 mg/L
LOEC 16 mg/L
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 60.9 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 16.3 mg/L
Additional information
The structural analogue substance solved in reconstituted water, was tested in an static concentration response test with 5 different loadings. The concentrations of the test item were determined in the test media samples from all test concentrations and the control samples from all sampling times. Two of the three components were analysed. Due to limited analytical techniques and the low content of Europium only Barium and Strontium were measured. The concentrations of both measured components were within ± 20% of the measured initial concentrations during the test. Therefore, the test item was stable in the test media during the test duration. The measured concentrations show that the lower test concentrations were prepared correctly.
Under the conditions of the present study, the 72h ErC50 value was 60.9 mg test item/L for the growth rate. ErC20 values were and 25.6 mg test item/L (growth rate). ErC10 values were 16.3 mg test item/L for growth rate. Highest nominal concentration without statistical significant effects was 6.4 mg test item/L. Lowest nominal concentration with statistical significant effects was 16 mg test item/L.
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