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EC number: 286-475-7 | CAS number: 85251-63-4 Extractives and their physically modified derivatives such as tinctures, concretes, absolutes, essential oils, oleoresins, terpenes, terpene-free fractions, distillates, residues, etc., obtained from Malus sylvestris, Rosaceae.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- September, November 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 017
- Report date:
- 2018
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Apple, Malus sylvestris, ext.
- EC Number:
- 286-475-7
- EC Name:
- Apple, Malus sylvestris, ext.
- Cas Number:
- 85251-63-4
- IUPAC Name:
- Apple, Malus sylvestris, ext.
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
Constituent 1
Study design
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: The inoculum was a fresh sample of activated sludge and was collected from the aeration tank of a sewage treatment plant receiving predominantly domestic sewage.
- Sample site: Water treatment plant "STEP de Lille", 33290 Blanquefort (France) - Tank 1
- Laboratory culture: A filtration through a fine sieve (about 1 mm) was performed in order to remove coarse particles. After removal of any coarse particles, the sludge was washed by recantation in a mineral medium until sludge was considered free from excess substrate or inhibitor.
- Inoculum preconditioning: Pre-conditioning consisted in aerating sludge (in mineral medium) for 5-7 days before the test and at the test temperature. - Duration of test (contact time):
- ca. 28 d
Initial test substance concentration
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 100 g/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST ITEM PREPARATION
The test item is soluble in water; it was diluted with mineral medium at 1g/L and directly introduced with sludge into each test vessels.
The test item was tested at 100 mg/L in mineral medium.
The test medium was the mineral medium, a weakly saline aqueous medium.
TEST CONDITIONS
Composition of medium: Mineral medium according to OECD 301F guideline
- Test temperature: The test was performed in darkness between 21.7 to 21.8°C (constant temperature +/- 1°C).
- Mineral medium - pH: 7.6
- Inoculum : pH: 6.7, Dissolved oxygen: 9.2 mg/L, Suspended solids concentration: 3.51 g/L
- Continuous darkness: Yes
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus:WTW Oxitop (FCBA reference: ACQU 1011)
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 3 flasks (test item and inoculum)
- Test performed in closed vessels: Yes
- A measured volume of inoculated medium containing a known concentration of the test item (100 mg/L) as the nominal sole source of Carbon, was stirred in a closed vessel at a constant temperature up to 28 days.
- Details of trap for CO2: Microbial respiration consumes O2 and releases CO2 which were absorbed by soda lime pellets present in the headspace of flasks. This produced a decrease in pressure in the flask proportional to the amount of oxygen taken up by the microbial population during biodegradation, which was expressed as a percentage of ThOD (Theoretical Oxygen Demand).
- Allowance was made for the endogenous activity of the inoculum by running parallel blanks with inoculum but without the test item. Furthermore, in order to check the procedure, a reference item control (sodium benzoate 60.2 mg/L + inoculum) and toxicity control (sodium benzoate + inoculum +test item) were run in parallel.
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: 0 to 28 days
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: 3 flasks (inoculum only)
- Reference item: 2 flasks (Sodium benzoate and inoculum)
- Toxicity control: 2 flasks (test item, sodium benzoate and inoculum)
Reference substance
- Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
Results and discussion
- Preliminary study:
- none
% Degradationopen allclose all
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Remarks:
- following the ThOD-NH4
- Value:
- ca. 104.31
- St. dev.:
- 3.68
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Remarks:
- following the ThOD-N03
- Value:
- ca. 98.61
- St. dev.:
- 3.48
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- The test item contains nitrogen according to the elementary analysis, the evaluation of biodegradation has to be based in the following expressed as ThODNH4 and ThODNO3.
The degradation for the 10-day window beginning was reached on Day 2, before the end of the 10-day window on Day 6 the mean degradation was 64.99% following the ThODNH4, therefore the D-day window was reached.
The degradation rate of the test item reached 100% (102.18 to 108.56) , following the ThODNH4, after 28 days of incubation.
The degradation for the 10-day window beginning was reached on Day 2, before the end of the 10-day window on Day 6 the mean degradation was 61.45% following the ThODNO3, therefore the D-day window was reached.
The degradation rate of the test item reached 98.61% (96.60 to 102.63%), following the ThODNO3, after 28 days of incubation.
BOD5 / COD results
- Results with reference substance:
- The reference item “Sodium benzoate” was degraded up to 91.39% and 92.78%( mean value: 92.09%) after 14 days.
Therefore, it confirms the suitability of the used aerobic sludge inoculum.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- All the validity criteria for OECD 301F were successful.
According to the OECD guideline 301F, the test item is considered to be readily biodegradable whatever the ThODNH4 and the ThODNO3 - Executive summary:
The test item contains nitrogen according to the elementary analysis, the evaluation of biodegradation has to be based in the following expressed as ThODNH4 and ThODNO3.
The degradation for the 10-day window beginning was reached on Day 2, before the end of the 10-day window on Day 6 the mean degradation was 64.99% following the ThODNH4, therefore the D-day window was reached.
The degradation rate of the test item reached 100% (102.18 to 108.56) , following the ThODNH4, after 28 days of incubation.
The degradation for the 10-day window beginning was reached on Day 2, before the end of the 10-day window on Day 6 the mean degradation was 61.45% following the ThODNO3, therefore the D-day window was reached.
The degradation rate of the test item reached 98.61% (96.60 to 102.63%), following the ThODNO3, after 28 days of incubation.
The reference item “Sodium benzoate” was degraded up to 91.39% and 92.78%( mean value: 92.09%) after 14 days.Therefore, it confirms the suitability of the used aerobic sludge inoculum
All the validity criteria for OECD 301F were successful.
According to the OECD guideline 301F, the test item is considered to be readily biodegradable whatever the ThODNH4and the ThODNO3.
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