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EC number: 249-576-7 | CAS number: 29340-81-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 18 Jan 2018 - 09 Feb 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test (Carbon and Ammonium Oxidation))
- Version / remarks:
- 2010
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Purity/Composition correction factor: Yes, 1.32 (for the water content)
Solubility in water: >770 g/L (not corrected for water content) - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: direct addition to the test medium. For the range-finding test a stock solution of 5.8 g/L was prepared by adding 3.79947 g test item to 500 mL of Milli-RO water (tap water purified by reverse osmosis). For the limit test a stock solution of 10 g/L was prepared by adding 3.31664 g test item in to 250 mL Milli-RO. Magnetic stirring for approximately 20 minutes was applied to accelerate dissolution and to ensure homogeneity. Volumes of the clear slightly yellow stock solution (pH 6.7 and 6.8 for the range-finding and limit test, respectively) corresponding to the test concentration were then added to the test media (16 mL synthetic medium and made up to 250 mL with Milli-RO). Thereafter, 250 mL of activated sludge was added resulting in the required concentrations. Optimal contact between the test item and test organisms was ensured by applying continuous aeration and stirring
- Controls: Test medium without test item, treated in the same way as the test item solutions.
- A correction factor of 1.32 for water content was used in the limit test. All further concentrations reported are based on the pure test item. - Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
- Details on inoculum:
- - Name and location of sewage treatment plant where inoculum was collected:
Municipal sewage treatment plant: 'Waterschap Aa en Maas', 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands, receiving predominantly domestic sewage.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: The sludge was coarsely sieved (1 mm^2) and allowed to settle. The supernatant was removed and ISO-medium was added. A small amount of the sludge was weighed and dried overnight at ca. 105°C to determine the amount of suspended solids (3.0 g/L of sludge, as used for the test). The pH was 7.7 on the day of testing. The batch of sludge was used one day after collection; therefore 50 mL of synthetic medium (=sewage feed) was added per litre of activated sludge at the end of the collection day. The sludge was kept aerated at test temperature until use. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
- Test temperature:
- 19 - 22°C
- pH:
- Before addition of sludge: 7.0 - 7.5.
After the 3 hour exposure period: 7.6 and 8.3 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Above 60-70% saturation (60% of air saturation is > 5 mg/L at 20°C) throughout the test.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Control, test substance at 1000 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: All glass open bottles/vessels, containing 500 mL medium/sludge
- Aeration: Clean, oil-free air, adjusted in such a way that the dissolved oxygen concentration at the start was above 60-70% saturation (60% of air saturation is > 5 mg/L at 20°C) and to maintain the sludge flocs in suspension.
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates):6
- No. of vessels for reference substance: 1 for each concentration (4 concentrations used)
- No. of vessels per abiotic control (replicates): 1 (only in Range-Finding test)
- Sludge concentration (weight of dry solids per volume): 1.5 g/L suspended solids in final test mixture
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Milli-RO water (tap water purified by reverse osmosis)
- Intervals of water quality measurement: pH at the begining of the test and at the end of the measuring period. Temperature was recorded continuously in temperature control vessels.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
- Dissolved oxygen: After the 3-hour contact time, the oxygen consumption was recorded with multiple oxygen sensors connected to a BlueBox (GO-Systemelektronik GmbH, Germany) for a period of approximately 10 minutes. During measurement, the sample was not aerated but continuously stirred on a magnetic stirrer.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study test concentrations: 5.8, 58, and 577 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Yes, no respiration inhibition was observed up to 577 mg/L. There was no significant oxygen uptake from abiotic processes. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-dichlorophenol
- Key result
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Key result
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The EC50 of 3,5-dichlorophenol in the Limit test was 5.9 mg/L, which is in the accepted range of 2 to 25 mg/L for total respiration.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- ECx: For the reference item, calculation of the EC50 value was based on a 3-parameter logistic cumulative distribution function (CDF) using non-linear regression analysis.
Statistical significance: Two-sample t-test Procedure, α=0.05, one-sided, smaller).
Calculations were performed with ToxRat Professional v. 3.2.1. (ToxRat Solutions® GmbH, Germany). - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- See 'Overall results' for details on validity criteria.
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this present test 1184 ZITRONENSÄURE, TEA-SALZ was not toxic to waste water bacteria (activated sludge) at 1000 mg/L (NOEC). The EC50 was above 1000 mg/L.
Reference
Table 1: Limit test - overview of the results
Treatment |
Concentration (mg/L) |
Mean respiration rate |
% Inhibition of the respiration rate (mean value) |
|
(mg O2/L h) |
(mg O2/g h) |
|||
Control |
|
42.86 |
28.57 |
|
T1 |
1000 |
47.63 |
31.76 |
-11.15 |
Description of key information
The 3-h EC50 and 3-h NOEC values are > 1000 and 1000 mg/L as observed in a limit test of a respiration inhibition study with activated sludge of a domestic sewage.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for microorganisms:
- 1 000 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for microorganisms:
- 1 000 mg/L
Additional information
The toxicity of the substance to microorganisms was investigated in a limit test of an activated sludge respiration inhibition study according to OECD TG 209 and in compliance with GLP criteria (Charles River, 2018). In this study, non-adapted activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage was exposed to 0 (control) and a limit concentration of 1000 mg/L for 3 hours. Test concentrations were not analytically verified. The effects on microorganisms was determined by measuring total respiration rates and comparing these to an unexposed control. No inhibition of respiration rates was observed at the limit concentration. Therefore, the 3-h EC50 and 3-h NOEC values were determined to be > 1000 mg/L and 1000 mg/L, respectively.
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