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EC number: 210-498-3 | CAS number: 616-91-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2018-01-30 to 2018-03-08
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-D (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of activated sludge: sewage treatment plant Rossdorf, Germany
- Conditioning: washed by centrifugation, supernatant liquid phase decanted after 15 minutes of deposition; solid material re-suspended in test water and centrifuged again (procedure done three times); aliquot of final sludge suspension was weighed, dried and the ratio of wet sludge to its dry weight was determined; 3.5 g dry material per litre were mixed with test water and aerated overnight. This suspension was used for the experiment.
- Concentration of sludge: 3.5 g dry material per litre - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 101 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: reconstituted test water according to guideline
- Additional substrate: no
- Test temperature: 22 °C +/- 1 °C
- pH: 6.6 - 7.7
- pH adjusted: yes (adjusted to 7.4 to 7.5 at the start of the test)
- Aeration of dilution water: no
- Continuous darkness: yes
TEST SYSTEM
- Preparation of test solutions: The amounts of test item and reference item were directly weighed into the test flasks. No emulsifiers or solvents were used for the test item flasks, but the solutions were dispersed by stirring to achieve a homogeneous solution of the test item. Silicone oil AR20 was used as a distribution agent in the sodium benzoate flask of the parallel control.
- Culturing apparatus: manometric test system (sorrounding type: climatised chamber)
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: activated sludge was aereated prior to preparation of test solutions
- Measuring equipment: BSB/BOD-Sensor-System, Aqualytic Dortmund, Germany
- Test performed in closed vessels: yes
- CO2 trap: Potassium hydroxide solution (45%)
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency for measurement of oxygen: The change of pressure in the test flasks was measured by means of a manometric method each day.
- Sampling method: BSB/BOD-Sensor
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: 2 flasks
- Abiotic sterile control: 1 flask
- Toxicity control: 1 flask
- reference (procedure) control: 1 flask - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Preliminary study:
- No
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 76
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: nitrification (ThODNO3) considered
- Details on results:
- The difference of duplicate values for the degradation of the test item at the end of the test and at the end of the 10-day window was less than 20%. The difference of duplicate values at day 28 differed by 0%. The mean biodegradation of 10% of the test item was reached at day 4 (ThODNH4) and at day 5 (ThODNO3). At the end of the 10-day window at day 14 and day 15, the mean degradation of the test item were 84% (ThODNH4) and 65% (ThODNO3) and therefore the 10 day window criterion was passed. The mean biodegradation at test end after 28 days was 103% (ThODNH4) and 79% (TIIODNO3). In the case of a nitrification, or transformation of ammonium to nitrate the degradation of the test item was 76% after 28 days.
- Results with reference substance:
- The reference item sodium benzoate was degraded to more than 60% after 4 days of incubation.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- In a manometric test according to OECD TG 301 F and EU Method C.4-D the test item was determined to be readily biodegradable in a ten days window and after 28 days of exposure (76% ThODNO3).
- Executive summary:
The ready biodegradability of the test item was assessed in a GLP-compliant manometric respirometry test according to OECD TG 301 F and EU Method C.4 -D using aerobic activated sludge from a domestic wastewater treatment plant. The biodegradation was followed by the oxygen uptake of the microorganisms during exposure to 101 mg/L test item (corresponding to an oxygen demand of about 128.8 mg/L ThODNH4 and 168.4 mg/L ThODNO3). As a reference item sodium benzoate was tested (1 replicate) simultaneously under the same conditions as the test item, along with an inoculum control (2 replicates), a toxicity control (containing both, the test item and the reference item sodium benzoate; 1 replicate) and an abiotic control (without inoculum, 1 replicate). All validity criteria of the guidelines were met. The nitrate concentration in the controls after 28 days of incubation was 19.982 mg/L (mean). The nitrate concentration in the test item treated vessels was 9.654 mg/L (mean). Thus, a nitrification occured. The mean biodegradation of 10% of the test item was reached at day 4 (ThODNH4) and at day 5 (ThODNO3). At the end of the 10-day window at day 14 and day 15, the mean degradation of the test item were 84% (ThODNH4) and 65% (ThODNO3) and therefore the 10 day window criterion was passed. The mean biodegradation at test end after 28 days was 103% (ThODNH4) and 79% (ThODNO3). In the case of a nitrification, or transformation of ammonium to nitrate the degradation of the test item was 76% after 28 days. Based on these results, the test item can be regarded as readily biodegradable according to OCED criteria.
Reference
Table: Correction of percentage biodegradation of the test item based on ThOD under consideration of nitrification on day 28
Nitrite-N | Nitrate-N | Total 3 | Measured 4 | Corrected 5 | Day 28 | |||||||
Day 0 | Day 28 | ∆ nitrite-N1 | O2 Equi.2 | Day 0 | Day 28 | ∆ nitrite-N1 | O2 Equi.2 | O2 Equi. | ThODNH4 | ThODNH4 | Degradation 6 | |
mg NO2-N/L | mg | mg NO3-N/L | mg | mg | mg | mg | % | |||||
Test Item Rate 1 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.026 | 9.236 | 9.21 | 8.089 | 8.089 | 32.330 | 24.241 | 77.300 |
Test Item Rate 2 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.026 | 10.072 | 10.046 | 9.021 | 9.021 | 32.330 | 23.309 | 74.000 |
Control (mean) | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.000 | - | 0.026 | 1.982 | 1.956 | - | - | - | - | - |
Test Item (mean) | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.026 | 9.654 | 9.628 | 8.555 | 8.555 | 32.330 | 23.775 | 75.650 |
-: Not applicable
1: ∆ nitrite-N / ∆ nitrate-N: Difference of Nitrite-N / Nitrate-N between day 28 and day 0
2: ∆ nitrite-N/ ∆ nitrate-N multiplied by empirically determined conversion factor (NH4-N to NO2-N: 3.43; NH4-N to NO3-N: 4.57), corrected by test volume (0.244 L) and concentration of control
3: Sum of nitrite-N O2-equivalent and nitrate-N O2-equivalent
4: BOD value test item day 28 [mg/L] - BOD value control day 28 [mg/L] multiplied with test vessel volume [0.244L]
5: Corrected ThODNH4 = ThODNH4- O2-Equivalent
6: Degradation = Corrected ThODNH4 / Calculated ThODNH4* 100
Limits of quantification:
nitrite: 0.002 mg nitrite-N/L
nitrate: 0.026 mg nitrate-N/L
Description of key information
In a manometric test according to OECD TG 301 F and EU Method C.4-D the test item was determined to be readily biodegradable in a ten days window and after 28 days of exposure (76% ThODNO3) (reference 5.2.1 -1).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
The ready biodegradability of the test item was assessed in a GLP-compliant manometric respirometry test according to OECD TG 301 F and EU Method C.4 -D using aerobic activated sludge from a domestic wastewater treatment plant. The biodegradation was followed by the oxygen uptake of the microorganisms during exposure to 101 mg/L test item (corresponding to an oxygen demand of about 128.8 mg/L ThODNH4 and 168.4 mg/L ThODNO3). A reference control (with the reference substance sodium benzoate, 1 replicate), an inoculum control (without the test item or reference substance, 2 replicates), a toxicity control (containing both, the test item and the reference item sodium benzoate; 1 replicate) and an abiotic control (with the test item but without inoculum, 1 replicate) ran in parallel. In the test a nitrification occured as the nitrate concentration in the controls after 28 days of incubation was 19.982 mg/L (mean). In result, the test item was determined to be readily biodegradable in a ten days window and after 28 days of exposure (76% ThODNO3). All validity criteria of the guidelines were met (reference 5.2.1 -1).
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