Butylhydroxyoxostannane

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Short term toxicity to fish:

1. The Lethal concentration causing 50% mortality value (LC50) of fish Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow) was observed to be 56.6 mg/L after 96 hours of exposure to test substance.

2. The Lethal concentration causing 50% mortality (LC50) of fathead minnow when exposed to test chemical for 96 hours under the test conditions is 56.23mg/l. It is reported to be bioactive.

3. In short term fish toxicity the lethal concentration (LC50) of chemical for exposure period 96 hrs was reported to be 36.7 mg/l on the basis of mortality.

Based on the above data, it can be concluded that the chemical Butylstannonic acid was toxic and classified as aquatic chronic 3 as per the CLP criteria.

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

1. The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance, in Daphnia magna was determined to be 11.8 mg/L on the basis of mobiity inhibition effects in a 48 hour study.

2. Based on the immobility of daphnia magna by the direct incubation with the test chemical for 24 hrs, the EC50 was determine to be 49 mg/l.

Thus based on the overall studies for the structurally and functionally similar read across chemical for Butylstannonic acid (2273 -43 -0), it can be concluded that the test chemical was nontoxic as value ranges from 11.8 - 49 mg/l and not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.  

Toxicity to aquatic algae:

1. The median effective concentration (ErC50) for the test substance, in Desmodesmus subspicatus was determined to be 11.9 mg/L on the basis of effects on growth rate in a 72 hour study.

2 .Based on the dissolved oxygen production by organism and growth rate of test organism Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, the EC50 value was determine to be 32.9 mg/l and 41.2 mg/l, respectively.

3. Based on the cell density of test organism Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, the EC50 value was determine to be 32.20 mg/l.

Based on the above data chemical was consider as toxic.

Toxicity to microorganisms:

1. The Tetratox assay is a short-term, static protocol using the common freshwater ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis (strain GL-C). The 50% impairment growth concentration (IGC50) is the recorded endpoint. The 50% Impairment (Inhibitory ) Growth Concentration IGC50 for test chemical was determine to be 1.6595mg/l.

2. The Effective Concentration causing 50% mortality of luminescent bacteria Photobacteria phosphereum was determine to be 14 mg/l after 30 minutes  exposure to test chemical.

Additional information

Summarized result for the toxicity of test chemical butylstannonic acid on the growth of aquatic animals was studies and are as follows:

Short term toxicity to fish:

Short term toxicity of Butylstannonic acid (CAS No: 2273-43-0) on the growth and other biological activity of fishes is predicted on the basis of it structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals. The studies are as mentioned below:

 

Short term toxicity study was performed to determine the toxic effect of the structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals on the fish (from peer reviewed journal). The objective of this study was to investigate the use of 96-h acute toxicity tests with juvenile fathead minnows and binary chemical mixtures to define the primary acute model of toxic action for diverse industrial organic chemicals. The 96-h acute toxicity tests with single chemicals and mixtures, and 26- to 34-d-old laboratory-cultured juvenile fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were conducted. The experiments with mixtures were carried out under similar conditions as the experiments with single compounds. Exposures were conducted at 25°C in continuous flow-through systems with four or five toxicant concentrations and a control in duplicate for each LC50 determination. Toxicant concentrations in the test chambers were continuously renewed and measured daily. Methods of chemical analysis included high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas-liquid chromatography (GC). Toxicant concentrations were routinely corrected for spiked water recoveries. Percentage duplicate agreements were usually greater than 90%. The dilution water was taken directly from Lake Superior, and following sand filtration. It had a water hardness, alkalinity, and pH of approximately 45 mg/L as CaC03, 42mg/L as CaC03, and7.8, respectively, for all tests. All toxicity tests were conducted without using solvent carriers. Mortalities were recorded daily, and estimate of the concentration of toxicant most likely to cause50%mortality (LC50). The Lethal concentration causing 50% mortality value (LC50) of 1 Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow) was observed to be 56.6 mg/L after 96 hours of exposure to test chemical. This lethal value indicates that the test substance classified in aquatic category 3 as per the CLP criteria.

 

First study was supported by another structurally and functionally similar read across chemical (from publication). Aim of this study was to determine the toxicity of test chemical on the growth of aquatic fish by providing 96 hrs of exposure. The “gold standard” of fish toxicity testing is the 96 h flow-through fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) 50% mortality. In the current study toxic potencies for chemical measured in both tetratox and the 96-hPimephales promelas lethality assay are compared. After the exposure mortality was observed by the chemical. The Lethal concentration causing 50% mortality (LC50) of fathead minnow when exposed to chemical for 96 hours under the test conditions is 56.23mg/l. It is reported to be bioactive.

 

Similar study for another read across chemical was performed (from peer reviewed journal). Acute toxicity test was performed for test substance on fish species Pimephales promelas (Fathead Minnow) for exposure period 96 hrs using bioassay method. In experiment the nominal concentrations used as 0, 16.8, 25.9, 39.9, 61.4 and 94.5 mg/l with experimental condition 26.0 deg.C test temperature, 44.6 mg/L CaCO3 hardness, 7.8 pH, 6.8 mg/L dissolved oxygen and 41.8 mg/L CaCO3 alkalinity. The LC50 with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Trimmed Spearman-Karber Method. In case of duplicate exposure data were pooled to obtain a single estimate of LC50 per test. Calculations were made for 96 hrs exposure and also for intermediate exposure time. The mean toxicant concentrations used in the calculation were corrected for analytical recoveries of spiked water sample. As a result of experiment the lethal concentration (LC50) of chemical was reported to be 36.7 mg/l on the basis of mortality effect. Based on the LC50, chemical was consider as toxic and classified as aquatic chronic 3 category as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Based on the above data, it can be concluded that the chemical Butylstannonic acid (CAS No: 2273-43-0) was toxic and classified as aquatic chronic 3 as per the CLP criteria.

Short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates:

Short term toxicity of Butylstannonic acid (2273 -43 -0) on the growth and other biological activity of aquatic invertebrates is predicted on the basis of it structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals. The studies are as mentioned below:

 

Short term toxicity study was performed to determine the toxic effect of the structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals on the invertebrates (from lab report 2017). Daphnia sp. Aim of this study was to assess the short term toxicity of test chemical to aquatic invertebrate daphnia magna. Study was performed according to the OECD guideline in a static system for the total exposure period of 48 hrs. The stock solution 100 mg/l was prepared by dissolving colourless liquid in reconstituted water. Test solutions of required concentration as were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with reconstituted test water. 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mg/l concentration were prepared. Effects on immobilisation were observed for 48 hours. With the test substance one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. After the exposure of chemical, effect concentration EC50 was calculated using nonlinear regression by the software Prism 4.0. The median effective concentration (EC50) for the test substance, in Daphnia magna was determined to be 11.8 mg/L on the basis of mobility inhibition effects in a 48 hour study. Based on the EC50, chemical was consider as toxic and classified as aquatic chronic 3 as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Similar study was performed for another structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals (from peer reviewed journal). Study was conducted to assess the effect of test chemical on the growth of aquatic invertebrates. Study performed under the static system for 24 hrs. ≤ 1 ml/l 2-Propanone were used as a solvent. < 24 hrs old daphnia magna used for the experiment. Based on the immobility of daphnia magna by the direct incubation with the test chemical for 24 hrs, the EC50 was determine to be 49 mg/l. based on the EC50, chemical was consider as toxic and classified as aquatic chronic 3 category as per the CLP classification.

 

Thus based on the overall studies for the structurally and functionally similar read across chemical for Butylstannonic acid (2273 -43 -0), it can be concluded that the test chemical was toxic as value ranges from 11.8 - 49 mg/l and classified as aquatic chronic 3 as per the CLP classification criteria.  

 

Toxicity to aquatic algae:

Short term toxicity of Butylstannonic acid (2273 -43 -0) on the growth and other biological activity of aquatic algae and cyanobacteria is predicted on the basis of it structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals. The studies are as mentioned below:

 

Short term toxicity study was performed to determine the toxic effect of the structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals on the algae (from lab report 2017). Aim of this study was to assess the short term toxicity of test chemical to aquatic invertebrate daphnia magna. Study was performed according to the OECD guideline in a static system for the total exposure period of 72 hrs. The stock solution 100 mg/l was prepared by dissolving colourless liquid in OECD growth medium. Test solutions of required concentration were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with OECD growth medium and inoculum culture. Different test concentrations were prepared 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mg/l. Effect on the growth were measured for 72 hrs. The median effective concentration (ErC50) for the test substance, in Desmodesmus subspicatus was determined to be 11.9 mg/L on the basis of effects on growth rate in a 72 hour study. Thus based on the EC50, chemical was consider as toxic and classified as aquatic chronic 3 as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

First study was supported by the second study of the structurally and functionally similar read across chemical (from peer reviewed journal). Short term toxicity to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata study was carried out for 48 hrs. The test chemical used for the study was 99% pure. The conc. of test chemical used for the study was in the range of 10.3 – 49.4 mg/l. Stock solutions of test chemical was prepared in foil-wrapped glass containers. The test organism used for the study is Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (formerly known as Selenastrum capricornutum, UTEX 1648). Before starting the experiment, stock solution was freshly prepared and its concentration was analyzed using a HPLC analyzer. The alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (formerly known as Selenastrum capricornutum, UTEX 1648) was grown in a 4-L transparent chemostat incubator. The growth medium was continuously supplied by a variable-speed pump. Air agitation was used to achieve adequate mixing. The chemostat reactors were placed in a constant-temperature room at 24±1°C. Light intensity was set at 65mEm-2s-1(±10%).Growth medium composition is basically the same as that described by the EPA bottle technique. However, NaNO3, K2HPO4, and EDTA contents were reduced to 12.75, 0.52 mg/L, and 30mg/L, respectively. The dilution rate (D) for the chemostat was set at 0.25/day. Toxicity testing was conducted after the algal incubator has reached the steady state by transferring adequate amounts of algal suspension, dilution water (with growth medium), and test chemical into 300-mL BOD bottles. The BOD bottles were completely filled up with no headspace left. Water seal was provided to ensure a closed test environment. The bottles were then placed on an orbital shaker operated at 100 rpm. Temperature and light intensity used for the study was 24 ± 1°C and 65 µEm-2s-1(± 10%). After 48 hrs of test duration, the EC50 value was calculated based on the dissolved oxygen production and algal growth rate. In the toxicity experiment, the dilution water was stripped by nitrogen gas to reduce the dissolved oxygen level. In addition, the N2 gas contained 0.5% carbon dioxide as an extra carbon source. The DO level at the beginning of the test was approximately 1–3 mg/L. The initial inoculated cell density in the test vessel was 15,000 cells/mL. Algal cell density was measured by electronic particle counting (Coulter Multisizer). Probit analyses were applied to obtain the concentration–response relationships and EC50 values. Based on the dissolved oxygen production by organism and growth rate of test organism Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, the EC50 value was determine to be 32.9 mg/l and 41.2 mg/l, respectively. Thus, based on the EC50 value, it can be concluded that the chemical can be considered as toxic to aquatic environment and thus can be considered to be classified in aquatic chronic category 3 as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Similarly according to the third study (from peer reviewed journal), short term toxicity to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata study was carried out for 48 hrs. The test organism used for the study is Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, UTEX 1648. Before commencing the experiment, stock solution was freshly prepared and its concentration was analyzed using a HPLC (HPLC; 2996 Photodiode Array Detector; Waters, Milford, MA, USA). Algal inoculum was withdrawn from a chemostat operated under steady state and transferred into 300 ml, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) test bottles together with dilution water (with growth medium) and test chemical. The BOD bottles were completely filled, with no headspace left. A water seal was provided to ensure a close-test environment. The BOD bottles were then placed on an orbital shaker operated at 100 rpm. Temperature and light intensity were kept at 24 ± 1°C and 65 µEm-2s-1 (±10%), respectively. After 48 hrs of test duration, the EC50 value was calculated algal growth rate. The inhibition rate on the net increase of algal cell density was calculated. Probit analysis was used for determining the EC50 values. The population density of the algae was determined using an electronic particle counter. Based on the cell density of test organism Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, the EC50 value was determine to be 32.20 mg/l. Thus, based on the EC50 value, it can be concluded that the chemical can be considered as toxic to aquatic environment and thus can be considered to be classified in aquatic chronic category 3 as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Thus based on the overall studies for the structurally and functionally similar read across chemical for Butylstannonic acid (2273 -43 -0), it can be concluded that the test chemical was toxic as value ranges from 11.9 - 41.2 mg/l and classified as aquatic chronic 3 per the CLP classification criteria.  

 

Toxicity to microorganisms:

Short term toxicity of Butylstannonic acid (2273 -43 -0) on the growth and other biological activity of microorganisms is predicted on the basis of it structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals. The studies are as mentioned below:

 

Short term toxicity study was performed to determine the toxic effect of the structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals on the microorganisms (from peer reviewed journal). The Tetratox assay is a short-term, static protocol using the common freshwater ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis (strain GL-C). The 50% impairment growth concentration (IGC50) is the recorded endpoint.   Cultures are reared in 50 ml of a semi-defined medium in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks. In the TETRATOX assay, a range-finding assay followed by three replicate definitive tests is performed on each test material. Definitive test replicates consist of a minimum of five different concentrations of each test material with duplicate flasks of each concentration. . Duplicate controls, which have no test material but were inoculated with T. pyriformis, and a blank are used to provide a measure of the acceptability of the test by indicating the suitability of the medium and test conditions, and a basis for interpreting data from other treatments. Duplicate flasks are inoculated with an initial density of ≈2,500 cells/ml with log-growth-phase ciliates. Following ≈40 hours of incubation at 27 ± 1°C, population density is measured spectrophotometrically and 50% effect levels determined. The 50% inhibitory growth concentration in mg/l (IGC50) and the 95% fiducial interval are determined for each test compound. The IGC50 is calculated by probit analysis using the percent control-normalized absorbance as the dependent variable and the toxicant concentration in mg/l as the independent variable. The 50% Impairment (Inhibitory) Growth Concentration IGC50 for test chemical was determine to be 1.6595mg/l.

 

Similarly in another study (from peer reviewed journal), the comparatively quick and low cost bioassay with Photobacterium phosphoreum, strain NRRL-B-11177 (Microtox3), occasionally also referred to as Vibrio fischerii, strain NRRL-B-11177 was used to assess the toxicity of test chemical to aquatic bacteria. The luminescent bacterial bioassay requires only a short period of time, i.e. minutes. In terms of testing a broad range of different chemicals with many different modes of action, a somewhat longer assay time, i.e. 30 min, is preferred, mainly to ascertain that potential diffusion problems are eliminated at source. Normally the pT values for a particular chemical rarely vary much with exposure time. The most commonly used operating conditions are 15°C for the EC50 tests with exposure times of 5 to 30 min. The pH of the test system can vary in the range of 5< pH <9 without great effect on the luminescence. The Effective Concentration causing 50% mortality of luminescent bacteria Photobacteria phosphereum was determine to be 14 mg/l after 30 minutes exposure to test chemical.

 

Thus based on the above studies chemical was consider as toxic.