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EC number: 204-898-7 | CAS number: 128-60-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- other: read across from similar substance
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2016
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 016
- Report date:
- 2016
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 16,17-dimethoxyviolanthrene-5,10-dione
- EC Number:
- 204-896-6
- EC Name:
- 16,17-dimethoxyviolanthrene-5,10-dione
- Cas Number:
- 128-58-5
- Molecular formula:
- C36H20O4
- IUPAC Name:
- 16,17-dimethoxyanthra[9,1,2-cde]benzo[rst]pentaphene-5,10-dione
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Preparation of the Saturated solution
A saturated solution with a nominal loading of 5 mg test item/L was prepared once 24 ± 1 hour prior to the start of the exposure. An appropriate amount of the test item was weighed out. The test item was applied onto a glass slide. The glass slide with the test item was inserted into a glass bottle with an appropriate amount of demineralized water. The saturated solution was stirred for 24 hours (1100 rpm) with a magnetic stirrer. Undissolved particles were removed by membrane filtration (membrane filter 0.45 µm, RC, MACHEREY-NAGEL). The filter was saturated in order to avoid adsorption during the filtration. The first 25 mL of the filtrate were discarded. The filtration was interrupted for 10 minutes to allow adsorption and saturation of the filter material with dissolved test item. Thereafter, the filtration was continued. The next 25 mL was discarded. The following filtrate, i.e. the saturated solution, was used as a limit concentration in the test. During filtration, the filter was always kept covered.
The saturated solution was checked via laser beam (Tyndall effect). No Tyndall effect was observed. Then the components of the dilution water were added to the saturated solution.
Test loading
All terms related to concentration level will be given as loading level because partly dissolved compounds and mixtures cannot be related to concentrations.
The limit loading of 5.00 mg/L was based on the results of a non-GLP preliminary range finding test. For results, see section 8.1.
Control
Six replicates (without test item) were exposed under the same conditions as the test item replicates.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata HINDÁK
- Strain: SAG 61.81
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): SAG, Pflanzenphysiologisches Institut der Universität Göttingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, D-37073 Göttingen
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 3 days
- Method of cultivation: Fresh stocks were prepared every month on Z-Agar. Light intensity amounted to 2567 – 5130 lux corresponding to 35 - 70 µE ∙ m-2 ∙ s-1 for 24 h per day.
Study design
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No
Test conditions
- Test temperature:
- min.: 21.5 max.: 22.5 mean value: 22.0
- pH:
- Nominal Test Item Loading pH-value
[mg/L] Start; 0 hours End; 72 hours
5.00 8.10 8.46
Control 8.03 8.90 - Salinity:
- Not measured, freshwater conditions
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks
- Type (delete if not applicable): open, cotton wool plugs
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: sterile 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, test volume 100 mL
- Aeration: Test containers were placed on a rotary shaker and oscillated at appr. 70 rpm
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): None
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): One application at test start
- Initial cells density: Nominal: approximately 2 - 5 x 10^3 cells/mL, Actual: mean 6305 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: Mean 1319377 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water:
Composition of Dilution Water
according to the guideline
Component Concentration [mg/L]
NH4Cl 15
MgCl2 x 6 H2O 12
CaCl2 x 2 H2O 18
MgSO4 x 7 H2O 15
KH2PO4 1.6
FeCl3 x 6 H2O 0.064
Na2EDTA x 2 H2O 0.1
H3BO3 0.185
MnCl2 x 4 H2O 0.415
ZnCl2 3 x 10^-3
Na2MoO4 x 2 H2O 7 x 10^-3
CoCl2 x 6 H2O 1.5 x 10^-3
CuCl2 x 2 H2O 1 x 10^-5
NaHCO3 50
pH 8.1 ± 0.2
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: no
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 24 h
- Light intensity and quality: Approximately 4440 to 8880 lux, corresponding to 60 to 120
µE ∙ m-2 ∙ s-1, mean value: 5212 lux,
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
-Chlorophyll a-fluorescence
The cell density was measured daily via Chlorophyll a-fluorescence, excitation at 436 nm, emission at 685 nm. Dilution water was used as a background signal. No self-fluorescence was found in the range finding test at the saturated solution with a nominal loading of 5.00 mg/L. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EL10/20/50
- Effect conc.:
- > 5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EL10/20
- Effect conc.:
- < 5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: yield
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test):
- Unusual cell shape: No
- Colour differences: No
- Flocculation: No
- Adherence to test vessels: No
- Aggregation of algal cells: No
- Other: The test item concentrations were clear during the exposure. The algae in the saturated solution were agglutinated after 72 hours. No agglutination of the algae was observed in the control replicates.
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The toxicity of potassium dichromate (SIGMA, batch number MKBV0900V, purity 99.0 %, CAS RN 7778-50-9) to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined over a period of 72 hours from 2016-10-11 to 2016-10-14 (with headspace). The reference item toxicity is in the valid range following test facility SOPS.
EC50-Values of the Reference Item
based on nominal concentrations mg/L, (0-72 hours)
Current Study Valid Range (average ± 3 x SD)
Growth Rate inhibition
ErC50 0.435 0.764 ± 0.513
95 % confidence interval 0.414 – 0.458
Yield inhibition
EyC50 0.230 0.402 ± 0.293
95 % confidence interval 0.179 – 0.322
SD = Standard deviation - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EL-values and statistical analyses
EL-values of the growth rate and yield inhibition were estimated empirically based on the results of the single treatment level (Limit test design).
NOEL, LOEL and statistical analyses
NOEL/LOEL were determined by calculation of statistical significance of growth rates and yield. As a standard, a t-test was used for NOEL/LOEL calculations. When running a t-test, a Normality test and an Equal Variance test were done first. P-values for both Normality and Equal Variance test are 0.05. The -value (acceptable probability of incorrectly concluding that there is a difference) is =0.05.
Software
All data were computer-generated and rounded for presentation from the full derived data. Consequently, if calculated manually based on the given data minor variations may occur from these figures.
Calculations and graphics were carried out using software
- Excel, MICROSOFT CORPORATION
- SigmaPlot, SPSS INC.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Cell Densities
Nominal Test Item Loading |
Replicate |
Cell Density [cells/mL] |
|||
[mg/L] |
No. |
0 hours |
24 hours |
48 hours* |
72 hours |
5.00 |
1 |
6305 |
30148 |
231233 |
1251125 |
2 |
6305 |
26887 |
185241 |
1014808 |
|
3 |
6305 |
22331 |
162624 |
841834 |
|
4 |
6305 |
28389 |
203939 |
1135870 |
|
5 |
6305 |
22793 |
171025 |
951098 |
|
6 |
6305 |
25291 |
172665 |
937765 |
|
Mean |
6305 |
25973 |
187788 |
1022083 |
|
Control |
1 |
6305 |
34069 |
319837 |
1354892 |
2 |
6305 |
24282 |
221688 |
1366422 |
|
3 |
6305 |
25900 |
194936 |
1247855 |
|
4 |
6305 |
28798 |
218714 |
1478533 |
|
5 |
6305 |
27727 |
218821 |
1241258 |
|
6 |
6305 |
20642 |
224713 |
1227304 |
|
Mean |
6305 |
26903 |
233118 |
1319377 |
* = Direct measurement without dilution. Partially outside the internal calibration of the device, with no impact on integrity or validity of the data.
Evaluation after 72 hours
Statistically
significant differences of growth rates and yield compared to
control
values are marked (+), not significant differences are marked (-).
Nominal Test Item Loading |
Replicate |
Growth Rate |
Inhibition of Growth Rate |
Yield |
Inhibition of Yield |
||||||||||
[mg/L] |
No. |
[d-1] |
[%] |
[cells/mL] |
[%] |
||||||||||
5.00 |
1 |
|
1.76 |
1 |
|
1244820 |
5 |
||||||||
2 |
|
1.69 |
5 |
|
1008503 |
23 |
|||||||||
3 |
|
1.63 |
8 |
|
835529 |
36 |
|||||||||
4 |
|
1.73 |
3 |
|
1129565 |
14 |
|||||||||
5 |
|
1.67 |
6 |
|
944793 |
28 |
|||||||||
6 |
|
1.67 |
6 |
|
931460 |
29 |
|||||||||
Mean |
(+) |
1.69 |
5 |
(+) |
1015778 |
23 |
|||||||||
Control |
1 |
|
1.79 |
|
|
1348587 |
|
||||||||
2 |
|
1.79 |
|
|
1360117 |
|
|||||||||
3 |
|
1.76 |
|
|
1241550 |
|
|||||||||
4 |
|
1.82 |
|
|
1472228 |
|
|||||||||
5 |
|
1.76 |
|
|
1234953 |
|
|||||||||
6 |
|
1.76 |
|
|
1220999 |
|
|||||||||
Mean |
|
1.78 |
|
|
1313072 |
|
negative inhibition = increase of growth
Section-by-Section and Average Specific Growth Ratesof the Control Group (0 – 72 hours)
|
Replicate No. |
Specific Growth Rate [d-1] |
Mean (0 - 72 hours) |
SD ± |
CV |
Mean CV [%] |
||
section-by-section |
||||||||
0 - 24 hours |
24 - 48 hours |
48 - 72 hours |
||||||
Control |
1 |
1.69 |
2.24 |
1.44 |
1.79 |
0.408 |
22.8 |
21.7 |
2 |
1.35 |
2.21 |
1.82 |
1.79 |
0.432 |
24.1 |
||
3 |
1.41 |
2.02 |
1.86 |
1.76 |
0.313 |
17.8 |
||
4 |
1.52 |
2.03 |
1.91 |
1.82 |
0.266 |
14.6 |
||
5 |
1.48 |
2.07 |
1.74 |
1.76 |
0.293 |
16.7 |
||
6 |
1.19 |
2.39 |
1.70 |
1.76 |
0.603 |
34.3 |
||
|
|
|
Mean |
1.78 |
|
|
||
|
|
|
SD ± |
0.02 |
|
|||
|
|
|
CV [%] |
1.37 |
|
SD = Standard deviation CV = Coefficient of variation
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The nominal 72-h ErL10 and ErL50 were > 5.00 mg/L.
The tested substance has no inhibitory effect on freshwater green algae. - Executive summary:
The toxicity of the tested substance to the unicellular freshwater green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined according to the principles of OECD 201 and Council Regulation (EC) No. 761/2009 Method C.3. The aim of the study was to assess the effects on growth rate and yield over a period of 72 hours.
A saturated solution of 5.00 mg test item/L was prepared one day prior to the start of the exposure.The study was conducted under static conditions with an initial cell density of 6305 cells/mL. Based on a preliminary range finding test, the saturated solution was tested in a limit test. Six replicates were used for the limit loading level and the control. The environmental conditions were within the acceptable limits.
The test media were visually clear throughout the test period. The algae in the saturated solution were agglutinated after 72 hours. No agglutination of the algae was observed in the control replicates. No analytical monitoring was carried out. Due to the low solubility, a specific analytical method was not available and the concentrations are too low for unspecific analysis as the determination of the total organic carbon content. Therefore, all effect values given are based on the nominal test item concentration.
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