Sodium 3-(p-anilinophenylazo)benzenesulphonate

Biodegradation in water: screening tests

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

biodegradation in water: screening test, other

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Data is from peer reviewed journal

Justification for type of information:

Data is from peer reviewed journal

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: As mentioned below principle

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Biodegradation study was conducted to determine the biodegradation of acid yellow-36 by using hybrid UASFB-aerobic bioreactor in wastewater.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- IUPAC Name: Sodium 3-[(4-anilinophenyl) diazenyl] benzenesulfonate
- Comman name: Acid yellow-36
- Molecular formula : C18H15N3O3S.Na
- Molecular weight: 375.383 g/mol
- Smiles notation : c1(Nc2ccccc2)ccc(\N=N\c2cc(ccc2)S(=O)(=O)[O-])cc1.[Na+]
- InChl : 1S/C18H15N3O3S.Na/c22-25(23,24)18-8-4-7-17(13-18)21-20-16-11-9-15(10-12-16)19-14-5-2-1-3-6-14;/h1-13,19H,(H,22,23,24);/q;+1/p-1/b21-20+;
- Substance type:Organic
- Physical state:Solid

Oxygen conditions:

aerobic/anaerobic

Inoculum or test system:

other: Methanogenic granular sludge/ Aerobic sludge

Details on inoculum:

Methanogenic granular sludge- from a full-scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor treating effluent of Delhi municipal wastewater treatment plant (Delhi) was used for this experiment.
Aerobic sludge- was collected alongside the effluent treatment plant of Heinz industries limited (Aligarh)

Duration of test (contact time):

150 d

Initial conc.:

> 1 - < 100 mg/L

Based on:

test mat.

Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:

other: % Biodegradation

Details on study design:

Test conditions:
Composition of medium: Macro nutrient: NH4Cl (280), CaCl2.2H2O (10), K2HPO4 (250), MgSO4.7H2O (100), KH2PO4 (250) in mg/l.
Micro nutrient: H3BO3 (0.05), FeCl2.4H2O (2), ZnCl2 (0.05), MnCl2.4H2O (0.05), CuCl2.2H2O (0.03), NH4SeO3.5H2O (0.05), AlCl3.6H2O (2), NiCl.6H2O (0.05), and NaSeO3.5H2O (0.1) mg/l
Test temperature: 30-35°C.
Suspended solids concentration: 16 g of volatile suspended solids (VSS) L-1.

Reference substance:

other: Sodium acetate

Key result

Parameter:

other: % Biodegradation

Value:

18

Sampling time:

10 d

Remarks on result:

other: no data

Key result

Parameter:

other: % Biodegradation

Value:

30

Sampling time:

30 d

Remarks on result:

other: Inherently biodegradable

Key result

Parameter:

other: % Biodegradation

Value:

65

Sampling time:

60 d

Remarks on result:

other: Inherently biodegradable

Key result

Parameter:

other: % Biodegradation

Value:

85

Sampling time:

90 d

Remarks on result:

other: Inherently biodegadable

Key result

Parameter:

other: % Biodegradation

Value:

95

Sampling time:

120 d

Remarks on result:

other: Inherently biodegradable

Key result

Parameter:

other: % Biodegradation

Value:

98

Sampling time:

150 d

Remarks on result:

other: Inherently biodegradable

Details on results:

It is revealed from the results, the biodegradtion of Sodium 3-[(4-anilinophenyl) diazenyl] benzenesulfonate shows 18% degradation in 10 days, 30% degradation in 30 days, 65% degradation in 60 days, 85% degradation in 90 days, 95% degradation in 120 days, and 98% degradation in 150 days respectively.

Results with reference substance:

Sodium acetate shows 80% biodegradation on 1st day and 100% biodegradation on 150th day.

Table 1

Operational parameters and results of the hybrid UASFB-aerobic bioreactor (average value).

Parameter	Unit	Operational parameters
Period		1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	9th	10th	11th	12th	13th	14th	15th
Days		10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100	110	120	130	140	150
^aSodium acetate	g COD L^-1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
AY-36	mg L^-1	1	5	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	50	60	70	80	90	100
HRT	h	24	22.5	20	24	24	24	24	22.5	24	24	22.5	24	24	24	24
Efficiencies in hybrid UASFB bioreactor
^aSodium acetate	% Removal	80	92	98	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
AY-36	% Removal	18	27	30	37	57	65	72	74	85	87	92	95	97	96	98
4-ABS	% Formation	0	0	1	5	8	14	23	27	33	42	51	53	50	54	55
Efficiencies in aerobic bioreactor
4-ABS	% Removal	0	0	0	1	3	8	13	22	25	31	39	43	57	65	68
P-ADPA	% Removal	No removal

  ^aAnhydrous Sodium acetate used as a co substrate 1 g = 780 mgO2/L.

 

 

 

 

 

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Interpretation of results:

inherently biodegradable

Conclusions:

It is concluded from the results the test chemical sodium 3-[(4-anilinophenyl) diazenyl] benzenesulfonate shows 98% biodegradation in 150 days clearly confirms the test chemical is inherently biodegradable.

Executive summary:

In the present study, the biodegradation of sodium 3-[(4-anilinophenyl) diazenyl] benzenesulfonate is carried out by using anaerobic (UASFB bioreactor)/aerobic (aerobic bioreactor) processes. Methanogenic granular sludge/Aerobic sludge were used as innoculum. Study period for the biodegradation is 150 days and the parameter used for the study is % Biodegradation. Two aromatic amines 4-ABS and p-ADPA are the biodegradation products of sodium 3-[(4-anilinophenyl) diazenyl] benzenesulfonate, potentially formed by the anaerobic reduction of test chemical. Further 4-ABS was biodegraded aerobically, but degradation of p-ADPA doesn’t take place. Biodegradation products were confirmed with the help of HPLC and UV spectroscopic methods. The given test chemical was considered to be not readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions but this dye readily decolorized in anaerobic conditions. As per the results obtained sodium 3-[(4-anilinophenyl) diazenyl] benzenesulfonate shows 98% biodegradation in 150 days,which confirms the test chemical is inherently biodegradable.

Description of key information

In the present study, the biodegradation ofsodium 3-[(4-anilinophenyl) diazenyl] benzenesulfonateis carried out by using anaerobic (UASFB bioreactor)/aerobic (aerobic bioreactor) processes (Rais Ahmad et. al, 2010). Methanogenic granular sludge/Aerobic sludge were used as innoculum. Study period for the biodegradation is 150 days and the parameter used for the study is % Biodegradation. Two aromatic amines 4-ABS and p-ADPA are the biodegradation products of sodium 3-[(4-anilinophenyl) diazenyl] benzenesulfonate, potentially formed by the anaerobic reduction of test chemical. Further 4-ABS was biodegraded aerobically, but degradation of p-ADPA doesn’t take place. Biodegradation products were confirmed with the help of HPLC and UV spectroscopic methods. The given test chemical was considered to be not readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions but this dye readily decolorized in anaerobic conditions. As per the results obtainedsodium 3-[(4-anilinophenyl) diazenyl] benzenesulfonate shows 98% biodegradation in 150 days,which confirms the test chemical is inherently biodegradable.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Biodegradation in water:

inherently biodegradable

Additional information

Various experimental studies for the target compound sodium 3-[(4-anilinophenyl)diazenyl]benzenesulfonate (CAS No. 587-98-4) were reviewed for the biodegradation end point which are summarized as below:

 

In an experimental study from peer reviewed journal (Rais Ahmad et. al, 2010), the biodegradation of sodium 3-[(4-anilinophenyl) diazenyl] benzenesulfonate is carried out by using anaerobic (UASFB bioreactor)/aerobic (aerobic bioreactor) processes. Methanogenic granular sludge/Aerobic sludge were used as inoculum. Study period for the biodegradation is 150 days and the parameter used for the study is % Biodegradation. Two aromatic amines 4-ABS and p-ADPA are the biodegradation products of sodium 3-[(4-anilinophenyl) diazenyl] benzenesulfonate, potentially formed by the anaerobic reduction of test chemical. Further 4-ABS was biodegraded aerobically, but degradation of p-ADPA doesn’t take place. Biodegradation products were confirmed with the help of HPLC and UV spectroscopic methods. The given test chemical was considered to be not readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions but this dye readily decolorized in anaerobic conditions. As per the results obtained sodium 3-[(4-anilinophenyl) diazenyl] benzenesulfonate shows 98% biodegradation in 150 days, which confirms the test chemicalsodium 3-[(4-anilinophenyl)diazenyl]benzenesulfonateis inherently biodegradable.

 

Another biodegradation experiment under anaerobic conditions was performed for chemical sodium 3-[(4-anilinophenyl)diazenyl]benzenesulfonate at 35oC and initial concentration of chemical taken was 100mg/L for 7 days (D. Brown and B. Hamburger, 1987). By spectrophotometric analysis 97% degradation was observed in 7 days. The metabolite formed after degradation of sodium 3-[(4-anilinophenyl)diazenyl]benzenesulfonate are 3-aminobenzenesul phonic acid and N-phenyl- I ,4-diaminobenzene. From these metabolites 3-aminobenzenesul phonic acid was again subjected to biodegradation but aerobically and it showed more than 75 % degradation in 8 days. So it is concluded that sodium 3-[(4-anilinophenyl)diazenyl]benzenesulfonate is readily biodegradable.

 

In a supporting study from peer reviewed journal (U. Pagga and O. Brown, 1986), the aerobic biodegradation experiment was performed for chemical sodium 3-[(4-anilinophenyl)diazenyl]benzenesulfonate (CAS no.587-98-4) using activated sludge at concentration 0.5 g/L dry material as inoculums and initial concentration of chemical taken was 100mg/L for 42 days. By considering DOC removal parameter test chemical showed 11% degradation in 7 days. This percentage value is very less So it is concluded that sodium 3-[(4-anilinophenyl)diazenyl]benzenesulfonate (CAS no. 587-98-4) is not readily biodegradable.

 

It is clear that sodium 3-[(4-anilinophenyl)diazenyl]benzenesulfonate is not degradable under aerobic conditions but it undergoes degradation under anaerobic conditions. Thus, based on theexperimental study from peer reviewed journal (2010), it can be concluded that the chemical sodium 3-[(4-anilinophenyl)diazenyl]benzenesulfonate can be expected to be inherently biodegradable in nature.