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EC number: 251-752-3 | CAS number: 33941-99-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 09 Nov - 09 Dec 1999
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-E (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Closed Bottle Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Umweltministerium Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart, Germany
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- sewage, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: effluent from municipal sewage treatment plant, Pforzheim, Germany
- Storage conditions: The effluent was kept under aerobic conditions in the period between sampling and application.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: The inoculum was filtered through a coarse filter (Schwarzband, Schleicher & Schüll), the first 200 mL was discarded.
- Storage length: the inoculum was used on the day of collection
- Initial cell concentration: The initial number of microorganisms was determined separately for each batch (blank, test substance, reference and toxicity control) and were as follows: Inoculum blank: 2.4E+02 cells/mL, 7.92 E+05 cells/bottle; Reference: 2.5E+02 cells/mL, 8.25E+04 cells/bottle; Toxicity test: 2.2E+02 cells/mL, 7.26E+04 cells/bottle; Test substance: 2.9E+02 cells/mL; 9.57E+04 cells/bottle - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 2 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: mineral medium was prepared from 4 stock solutions containing 8.5 mg/L KH2PO4, 28.5 mg/L K2HPO4*3H2O, 33.3 mg/L Na2HPO4*2H2O, 0.5 mg/L NH4Cl, 22.5 mg/L MgSO4*7H2O, 34.2 mg/L CaCl2*2H2O, and 0.15 mg/L FeCl3.
- Test temperature: 20 ± 2 °C
- pH: 7.4 ± 0.2
- Aeration of dilution water: The medium was strongly aerated for 60 min and allowed to stand for 24 h at the test temperature. The O2 content was measured afterwards.
- Continuous darkness: yes
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: BOD flasks with ground-in-glass stoppers
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 3
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: The effluent was kept under aerobic conditions. The mineral medium was aerated for 60 min and allowed to stand for 24 h at the test temperatue.
- Measuring equipment: O2 concentrations were measured with a MTW Microprocessor Oximeter OXI 196 and a calibrated electrode EO 196-1,5. Each of the 3 parallel test assays was measured twice.
- Test performed in closed vessels due to significant volatility of test substance: The test was a Closed Bottle Test according to OECD guideline 301 D. The calculated vapor pressure of the test substance was estimated at 3.8 Pa.
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: 0 h, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d
- Sampling method: 3 bottles (assays) per measurement date. Each solution was immediately filled into the test vessels (volume approximately 330 mL) and the O2 concentrations were measured.
- Sample storage before analysis: no
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: yes, 3 replicates
- Toxicity control: yes, 3 replicates
- Reference substance: yes, 3 replicates - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- -8.5
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- The negative values of degradation rates result from lower oxygen saturation rates in the test substance study group after aeration.
The determined 28 d degradation rate for the reference substance was 91.8% and 54.2% for the toxicity control (reference substance + test substance). - Results with reference substance:
- The reference substance was degraded to 91.8% (mean) within 28 d.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
- Conclusions:
- No degradation of the substance was recorded after 28 d of incubation (-8.5% based on O2 consumption). Thus, the substance is not readily biodegradable according to the OECD criteria.
Reference
The calculated theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) of the test substance was 2.34 mg O2/mg test substance.
The calculated theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) of the reference substance was 1.67 mg O2/mg reference substance.
The calculated theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) of the toxicity control was 1.00 mg O2/mg substance mixture.
On average, the initial oxygen contents of the aerated test media were as follows:
- 8.9 mg/L inoculum blank
- 8.9 mg/L reference substance
- 8.6 mg/L toxicity control
- 8.6 mg/L test substance
Table 1: Individual calculations of the degradation rates and average values.
|
% degradation rates |
|||||||
Bottle n° |
Reference |
Test substance |
||||||
7 d |
14 d |
21 d |
28 d |
7 d |
14 d |
21 d |
28 d |
|
1 |
70.1 |
73.7 |
69.5 |
80.8 |
-12.8 |
-16.7 |
-12.4 |
-6.4 |
2 |
70.1 |
66.5 |
64.7 |
125.7 |
-17.9 |
-13.2 |
-13.2 |
-9.4 |
3 |
68.9 |
77.2 |
65.3 |
68.9 |
-11.5 |
-9.0 |
-11.5 |
-9.4 |
average |
69.7 |
72.5 |
66.5 |
91.8 |
-14.1 |
-13.0 |
-12.4 |
-8.4 |
Bottle n° |
Toxicity test |
|
|
|
|
|||
7 d |
14 d |
21 d |
28 d |
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
54.9 |
56.9 |
52.9 |
54.9 |
|
|
|
|
2 |
50.9 |
53.9 |
50.9 |
53.9 |
|
|
|
|
3 |
57.9 |
53.9 |
48.9 |
53.9 |
|
|
|
|
average |
54.5 |
54.9 |
50.9 |
54.2 |
|
|
|
|
Since the pass levels for ready biodegradability are > 60% removal of ThOD within the 28 d period of the test, the test substance cannot be classified as readily biodegradable.
The degradation rate of the toxicity control was > 25% (54.9%) after 14 d. Therefore, toxic efffects of the test substance to the inoculum can be excluded.
Description of key information
Not readily biodegradable (0% within 28 d, OECD 301 D)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- under test conditions no biodegradation observed
Additional information
One GLP guideline study according to OECD 301D is available investigating the ready biodegradability of the substance. A mixed microbial population from the effluent of a local municipal STP was inoculated with a nominal concentration of 2 mg/L test substance and incubated for 28 d under controlled conditions in the dark. Degradation was followed by the determination of dissolved oxygen content after 0 h, 7, 14, 21 and 28 d. An inoculum blank, a procedure control (with 2 mg reference substance/L) and a toxicity control were run in parallel. The derived 28 d degradation rate was -8.5% for the test substance and 54.2% for the toxicity control. The negative value resulted from lower oxygen saturation rates in the test substance study groups after aeration. The pass level for ready biodegradability is > 60% removal of ThOD within 28 d, meeting the 10 d - window. Therefore, the test substance could not be classified as readily biodegradable. Since the degradation rate of the toxicity control was > 25% after 14 d, toxic effects of the test substance to the inoculum can be excluded.
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