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EC number: 700-678-4 | CAS number: 1076-12-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 11 September 2013 - 16 November 2015
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 0.0162, 0.0519, 0.166, 0.531, and 1.70 mg/L.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Samples were analysed immediately after sampling. At each sampling occasion a second sample was refrigerated in case further analysis was required. - Vehicle:
- yes
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Controls: Control and solvent control solutions were evaluated concurrently with the test solutions.
- Chemical name of vehicle: Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium: 0.01% (v/v) (0.1 mL in 1 L aqueous media)
- Evidence of undissolved material: N/A. At the start of the test the test media were colourless. - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: CCAP 278/4
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): Secondary liquid cultures were incubated for four days to provide an inoculum in the log phase of growth, characterised by a cell density of 9.60 x 10^5 cells/mL. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 23.4 - 24.5°C
- pH:
- 7.04 - 9.21
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0.0162, 0.0519, 0.166, 0.531, and 1.70 mg/L
Measured (0 hours): nd, 0.0507, 0.110, 0.363, 0.721 mg/L
Measured (72 hours): nd, nd, 0.0683, 0.229, 0.864 mg/L
nd = None detected (less than the limit of detection of 0.05 mg/L) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Type: closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 65 mL glass vials, completely filled to leave no headspace, sealed with teflon lids and metal caps
- Initial cells density: 1 x 10^4 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 392811 (solvent control, mean of six replicates)
- No. of vessels per concentration: 3
- No. of vessels per control: 6
- No. of vessels per vehicle control: 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: Not adjusted after the start of the test.
- Photoperiod: 72 hours continuous illumination
- Light intensity and quality: nominally 4440 to 8880 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
- Determination of cell concentrations: Particle counter, samples taken at 24, 48, and 72 hours.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: c.a. 3.2
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 0.019, 0.19, 1.9 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Yes. Note that the highest concentration used was approaching the limit of solubility of the test material. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.59 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL = 0.540, 0.640 mg/L)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.13 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL = 0.100, 0.160 mg/L)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.21 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL = 0.160, 0.270 mg/L)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.05 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL = 0.0.0300, 0.100 mg/L)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.087 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks on result:
- other: Value calculated using the estimated concentration at 72 hours, which was less than the limit of quantitation. Effect level was the same for both growth rate and yield (biomass)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.288 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks on result:
- other: Effect level for both growth rate and yield (biomass)
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test):
On Day 1, a few abnormal cells were present in all groups but this was considered to be insignificant as very few cells were affected.
On Day 2, swollen and distorted cells were observed in the control and at a concentration of 0.0162 mg/L (ca. 10 - 15 %), in the solvent control (ca. 25%) and at nominal concentrations of 0.0519 to 1.7 mg/L (ca. 30%).
On Day 3, swollen and distorted cells were observed in the control and at nominal concentrations of 0.0162 and 0.0519 mg/L (ca. 10 - 15 %), in the solvent control (ca. 25-30%) and at nominal concentrations of 0.166 to 1.7 mg/L (ca. 50%). The presence of abnormal cells in the control groups did not have an impact on growth rate, so these observations were not considered to have affected the validity of the test.
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: Growth was stimulated in the dilution medium control and at the lowest test level when compared to the solvent control; although this was identified at being statistically significant (p<0.05), it was not considered to be of biological relevance as the extent of the stimulation was less than 20%. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The effect of TCD on the growth of the unicellular green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata has been assessed over a 72 hour period.
After 72 hours of exposure to TCD, the ErC50 (growth rate) and EyC50 (yield) were 0.590 and 0.210 mg/L respectively, based on measured and estimated concentrations.
The “no observed effect concentration” (NOEC) for growth rate and yield was 0.0867 mg/L based on estimated concentrations, and the “low observed effect concentration” (LOEC) for growth rate and yield was 0.288 mg/L based on measured concentrations.
Reference
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 0.59 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 0.087 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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