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EC number: 207-803-7 | CAS number: 495-54-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from peer reviewed journal
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Testing Of Some Azo Dyes and Their Reduction Products for Mutagenicity Using Salmonella typhimurium Ta 1538
- Author:
- R. Colin Garner and Carol A. Nutman
- Year:
- 1 977
- Bibliographic source:
- Mutation Research, 44 (1977) 9-19
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: as mentioned below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Gene toxicity in vitro study was performed on the Salmonella typhimurium TA 1538 strain to evaluate the mutagenic effect of the test material Chrysoidin
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- bacterial gene mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 4-(phenylazo)benzene-1,3-diamine
- EC Number:
- 207-803-7
- EC Name:
- 4-(phenylazo)benzene-1,3-diamine
- Cas Number:
- 495-54-5
- Molecular formula:
- C12H12N4
- IUPAC Name:
- 4-(phenylazo)benzene-1,3-diamine
- Reference substance name:
- Chrysoidine
- IUPAC Name:
- Chrysoidine
- Details on test material:
- Details on test material
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Chrysoidin
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): C12-H12-N4
- Molecular weight (if other than submission substance): 212.255 g/mol
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid/Powder form
Purity: purification procedure was performed; details not mentioned
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): No data available
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Method
- Target gene:
- AMES assay
Salmonella typhimurium TA 1538 strain
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium TA 1538
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 50, 100 µg/plate
- Vehicle / solvent:
- Vehicle:
- Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Justification for choice of solvent/vehicle: No data available
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- not specified
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- other: Acetylaminofluorene (5 and 10 µg/plate)
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Details on test system and conditions
METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)
DURATION
- Preincubation period:
- Exposure duration: 48 hrs
- Expression time (cells in growth medium): 48 hrs
- Selection time (if incubation with a selection agent): No data available
- Fixation time (start of exposure up to fixation or harvest of cells): No data available
SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays): No data available
SPINDLE INHIBITOR (cytogenetic assays): No data available
STAIN (for cytogenetic assays): No data available
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: 2
NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: No data available
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: mitotic index; cloning efficiency; relative total growth; other: No data available
OTHER EXAMINATIONS:
- Determination of polyploidy: No data available
- Determination of endoreplication: No data available
- Other:
OTHER: No data available - Evaluation criteria:
- Numbers of revertants on test plates greater than 30 are classified as being significantly mutagenic
- Statistics:
- No data available
Results and discussion
Test resultsopen allclose all
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1538
- Metabolic activation:
- with
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium TA 1538
- Metabolic activation:
- without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- Genotoxicity: Positive
Concentration His+ revertants/plate
Crude Purified
50 931 867
100 1260 1312
Negative
Concentration His+ revertants/plate
Crude Purified
50 11 -
100 11 - - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'. Remarks: Bacterial strain used
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The given test material Chrysoidin shows positive gene toxicity in vitro result in the presence of S9 metabolic activation system and negative result in the absence of S9 metabolic activation system.
- Executive summary:
Gene toxicity in vitro study was performed on theSalmonella typhimurium TA 1538 strain to evaluate the mutagenic effect of the test material Chrysoidin.
Chrysoidin was used at a concentration of 50 and 100 µg/ plate. The test material was purified and retested for mutagenicity again.
Crude chrysoidin induced 931 his+ revertants at 50 µg and 1260 his+ at 100 µg per plate while the purified material induced 867 and 1312 his+ revertants respectively. It was noticed on plates containing dye and the liver enzyme preparation that the colour remaining after 48 h incubation was less than on plates without the liver enzyme. Since reduction of the azo group leads to loss of dye colouration it was presumed that the liver enzyme catalysed this reaction probably through liver azo-reductase, an NADPH2 requiring enzyme. Chrysoidin shows positive gene toxicity in vitro result in the presence of S9 metabolic activation system and negative result in the absence of S9 metabolic activation system.
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