Disodium 4,4'-[[2,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-phenylene]bis(azo)]bisnaphthalene-1-sulphonate

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Skin irritation:
The substance Chocolate Brown HT (Disodium 4,4'-[[2,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-phenylene]bis(azo)]bisnaphthalene-1-sulphonate) is estimated to be not irritating to skin of rabbits.

Eye irritation:
The test substance Chocolate Brown HT (Disodium 4,4'-[[2,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-phenylene]bis(azo)]bisnaphthalene-1-sulphonate) was estimated to be non-irritating to the eyes of rabbits.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

skin irritation: in vivo

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

The prediction is done using QSAR Toolbox version 3.3 and supporting QMRF has been attached.

Principles of method if other than guideline:

he prediction is done using QSAR Toolbox version 3.3

GLP compliance:

no

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

not specified

Type of coverage:

not specified

Preparation of test site:

not specified

Vehicle:

not specified

Duration of treatment / exposure:

24 hours

Observation period:

No data

Number of animals:

No data

Irritation parameter:

overall irritation score

Basis:

mean

Time point:

24 h

Reversibility:

not specified

Remarks on result:

no indication of irritation

Estimation method: Takes mode value from the 5 nearest neighbours
Domain  logical expression:Result: In Domain

((((("a" or "b" or "c" or "d" or "e" or "f" )  and ("g" and ( not "h") )  )  and (("i" or "j" or "k" or "l" or "m" or "n" )  and ("o" and ( not "p") )  )  and (("q" or "r" or "s" or "t" or "u" or "v" )  and ("w" and ( not "x") )  )  )  and ("y" and ( not "z") )  )  and ("aa" and "ab" )  )

Domain logical expression index: "a"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Naphthalene sulfonic acids, condensates by OECD HPV Chemical Categories

Domain logical expression index: "b"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acid moiety AND Benzyl Alcohols AND Phenols by Aquatic toxicity classification by ECOSAR

Domain logical expression index: "c"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Alcohol, olefinic attach [-OH] AND Aliphatic Carbon [CH] AND Aliphatic Carbon [-CH2-] AND Aliphatic Nitrogen, one aromatic attach [-N] AND Aromatic Carbon [C] AND Azo [-N=N-] AND Hydroxy, aliphatic attach [-OH] AND Hydroxy, aromatic attach [-OH] AND Olefinic carbon [=CH- or =C<] AND Oxygen, one aromatic attach [-O-] AND Sulfonate, aromatic attach [-SO2-O] by Organic functional groups (US EPA)

Domain logical expression index: "d"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Alcohol AND Anion AND Aromatic compound AND Azo compound AND Cation AND Hydroxy compound AND Phenol AND Primary alcohol AND Sulfonic acid derivative by Organic functional groups, Norbert Haider (checkmol)

Domain logical expression index: "e"

Similarity boundary:Target: OCc1cc(N=Nc2ccc(S(=O)(=O)O{-}.[Na]{+})c3ccccc23)c(O)c(N=Nc2ccc(S(=O)(=O)O{-}.[Na]{+})c3ccccc23)c1O
Threshold=50%,
Dice(Atom centered fragments)
Atom type; Count H attached; Hybridization

Domain logical expression index: "f"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Group 1 - Alkali Earth Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs,Fr AND Group 14 - Carbon C AND Group 15 - Nitrogen N AND Group 16 - Oxygen O AND Group 16 - Sulfur S by Chemical elements

Domain logical expression index: "g"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.3

Domain logical expression index: "h"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as AN2 OR AN2 >>  Michael-type addition, quinoid structures OR AN2 >>  Michael-type addition, quinoid structures >> Quinoneimines OR AN2 >>  Michael-type addition, quinoid structures >> Quinones OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation after aldehyde release OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation after aldehyde release >> Specific Acetate Esters OR Non-covalent interaction OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Amino Anthraquinones OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> DNA Intercalators with Carboxamide Side Chain OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Fused-Ring Nitroaromatics OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Fused-Ring Primary Aromatic Amines OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Quinones OR Non-specific OR Non-specific >> Incorporation into DNA/RNA, due to structural analogy with  nucleoside bases    OR Non-specific >> Incorporation into DNA/RNA, due to structural analogy with  nucleoside bases    >> Specific Imine and Thione Derivatives OR Radical OR Radical >> Generation of reactive oxygen species OR Radical >> Generation of reactive oxygen species >> Thiols OR Radical >> Radical mechanism by ROS formation OR Radical >> Radical mechanism by ROS formation >> Polynitroarenes OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Amino Anthraquinones OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> C-Nitroso Compounds OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Diazenes OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Fused-Ring Nitroaromatics OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Fused-Ring Primary Aromatic Amines OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitro Azoarenes OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitroaniline Derivatives OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Quinones OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Single-Ring Substituted Primary Aromatic Amines OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Specific Imine and Thione Derivatives OR Radical >> ROS formation after GSH depletion (indirect) OR Radical >> ROS formation after GSH depletion (indirect) >> Quinoneimines OR SN1 OR SN1 >> Alkylation after metabolically formed carbenium ion species OR SN1 >> Alkylation after metabolically formed carbenium ion species >> Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives OR SN1 >> Carbenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Carbenium ion formation >> Alpha-Haloethers OR SN1 >> DNA bases alkylation by carbenium ion formed OR SN1 >> DNA bases alkylation by carbenium ion formed >> Diazoalkanes OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after carbenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after carbenium ion formation >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after diazonium or carbenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after diazonium or carbenium ion formation >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation >> Amino Anthraquinones OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation >> Fused-Ring Primary Aromatic Amines OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation >> Single-Ring Substituted Primary Aromatic Amines OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Fused-Ring Nitroaromatics OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitro Azoarenes OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitroaniline Derivatives OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitrobiphenyls and Bridged Nitrobiphenyls OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Polynitroarenes OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic substitution after glutathione-induced nitrenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic substitution after glutathione-induced nitrenium ion formation >> C-Nitroso Compounds OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic substitution on diazonium ions OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic substitution on diazonium ions >> Specific Imine and Thione Derivatives OR SN2 OR SN2 >> Acylation OR SN2 >> Acylation >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related after P450-mediated metabolic activation OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related after P450-mediated metabolic activation >> Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives OR SN2 >> Direct acting epoxides formed after metabolic activation OR SN2 >> Direct acting epoxides formed after metabolic activation >> Quinoline Derivatives OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN2 >> SN2 at an activated carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 at an activated carbon atom >> Quinoline Derivatives OR SN2 >> SN2 at sp3-carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 at sp3-carbon atom >> Alpha-Haloethers OR SN2 >> SN2 attack on activated carbon Csp3 or Csp2 OR SN2 >> SN2 attack on activated carbon Csp3 or Csp2 >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.3

Domain logical expression index: "i"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Naphthalene sulfonic acids, condensates by OECD HPV Chemical Categories

Domain logical expression index: "j"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acid moiety AND Benzyl Alcohols AND Phenols by Aquatic toxicity classification by ECOSAR

Domain logical expression index: "k"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Alcohol, olefinic attach [-OH] AND Aliphatic Carbon [CH] AND Aliphatic Carbon [-CH2-] AND Aliphatic Nitrogen, one aromatic attach [-N] AND Aromatic Carbon [C] AND Azo [-N=N-] AND Hydroxy, aliphatic attach [-OH] AND Hydroxy, aromatic attach [-OH] AND Olefinic carbon [=CH- or =C<] AND Oxygen, one aromatic attach [-O-] AND Sulfonate, aromatic attach [-SO2-O] by Organic functional groups (US EPA)

Domain logical expression index: "l"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Alcohol AND Anion AND Aromatic compound AND Azo compound AND Cation AND Hydroxy compound AND Phenol AND Primary alcohol AND Sulfonic acid derivative by Organic functional groups, Norbert Haider (checkmol)

Domain logical expression index: "m"

Similarity boundary:Target: OCc1cc(N=Nc2ccc(S(=O)(=O)O{-}.[Na]{+})c3ccccc23)c(O)c(N=Nc2ccc(S(=O)(=O)O{-}.[Na]{+})c3ccccc23)c1O
Threshold=50%,
Dice(Atom centered fragments)
Atom type; Count H attached; Hybridization

Domain logical expression index: "n"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Group 1 - Alkali Earth Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs,Fr AND Group 14 - Carbon C AND Group 15 - Nitrogen N AND Group 16 - Oxygen O AND Group 16 - Sulfur S by Chemical elements

Domain logical expression index: "o"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Non binder, MW>500 by Estrogen Receptor Binding

Domain logical expression index: "p"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Moderate binder, NH2 group OR Moderate binder, OH grooup OR Non binder, impaired OH or NH2 group OR Non binder, non cyclic structure OR Non binder, without OH or NH2 group OR Strong binder, NH2 group OR Strong binder, OH group OR Very strong binder, OH group by Estrogen Receptor Binding

Domain logical expression index: "q"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Naphthalene sulfonic acids, condensates by OECD HPV Chemical Categories

Domain logical expression index: "r"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acid moiety AND Benzyl Alcohols AND Phenols by Aquatic toxicity classification by ECOSAR

Domain logical expression index: "s"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Alcohol, olefinic attach [-OH] AND Aliphatic Carbon [CH] AND Aliphatic Carbon [-CH2-] AND Aliphatic Nitrogen, one aromatic attach [-N] AND Aromatic Carbon [C] AND Azo [-N=N-] AND Hydroxy, aliphatic attach [-OH] AND Hydroxy, aromatic attach [-OH] AND Olefinic carbon [=CH- or =C<] AND Oxygen, one aromatic attach [-O-] AND Sulfonate, aromatic attach [-SO2-O] by Organic functional groups (US EPA)

Domain logical expression index: "t"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Alcohol AND Anion AND Aromatic compound AND Azo compound AND Cation AND Hydroxy compound AND Phenol AND Primary alcohol AND Sulfonic acid derivative by Organic functional groups, Norbert Haider (checkmol)

Domain logical expression index: "u"

Similarity boundary:Target: OCc1cc(N=Nc2ccc(S(=O)(=O)O{-}.[Na]{+})c3ccccc23)c(O)c(N=Nc2ccc(S(=O)(=O)O{-}.[Na]{+})c3ccccc23)c1O
Threshold=50%,
Dice(Atom centered fragments)
Atom type; Count H attached; Hybridization

Domain logical expression index: "v"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Group 1 - Alkali Earth Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs,Fr AND Group 14 - Carbon C AND Group 15 - Nitrogen N AND Group 16 - Oxygen O AND Group 16 - Sulfur S by Chemical elements

Domain logical expression index: "w"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by Protein binding by OASIS v1.3

Domain logical expression index: "x"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group OR Acylation >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group >> Azlactones and unsaturated lactone derivatives  OR Acylation >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group >> N-Acylated heteroaromatic amines  OR Acylation >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group >> N-Acylsulfonamides  OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis >> Amides OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis >> Dithiocarbamates OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis or thiolysis OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis or thiolysis >> Activated aryl esters  OR Acylation >> Ring opening acylation OR Acylation >> Ring opening acylation >> beta-Lactams  OR Michael Addition OR Michael Addition >> Michael addition on conjugated systems with electron withdrawing group OR Michael Addition >> Michael addition on conjugated systems with electron withdrawing group >> Activated electrophilic ethenylarenes  OR Michael Addition >> Michael addition on conjugated systems with electron withdrawing group >> alpha,beta-Carbonyl compounds with polarized double bonds  OR Michael Addition >> Polarised Alkenes OR Michael Addition >> Polarised Alkenes >> Polarised Alkenes - sulfones  OR Michael Addition >> Quinoide type compounds OR Michael Addition >> Quinoide type compounds >> Quinone methide(s)/imines; Quinoide oxime structure; Nitroquinones, Naphthoquinone(s)/imines  OR Nucleophilic addition OR Nucleophilic addition >> Addition to carbon-hetero double bonds OR Nucleophilic addition >> Addition to carbon-hetero double bonds >> Ketones OR Nucleophilic addition >> Nucleophilic addition reaction at polarized N-functional double bond OR Nucleophilic addition >> Nucleophilic addition reaction at polarized N-functional double bond >> C-Nitroso compounds  OR Schiff base formation OR Schiff base formation >> Pyrazolones and Pyrazolidinones derivatives OR Schiff base formation >> Pyrazolones and Pyrazolidinones derivatives >> Pyrazolones and Pyrazolidinones  OR SN1 OR SN1 >> Carbenium ion formation (enzymatic) OR SN1 >> Carbenium ion formation (enzymatic) >> Carbenium ion OR SN2 OR SN2 >> Interchange reaction with sulphur containing compounds OR SN2 >> Interchange reaction with sulphur containing compounds >> Thiols and disulfide compounds  OR SN2 >> SN2 Reaction at a sp3 carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 Reaction at a sp3 carbon atom >> Activated alkyl esters and thioesters  OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at a sulfur atom OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at a sulfur atom >> Thiocyanates OR SNAr OR SNAr >> Nucleophilic aromatic substitution on activated aryl and heteroaryl compounds OR SNAr >> Nucleophilic aromatic substitution on activated aryl and heteroaryl compounds >> Activated aryl and heteroaryl compounds by Protein binding by OASIS v1.3

Domain logical expression index: "y"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as (!Undefined)Group All Lipid Solubility < 0.01 g/kg AND Group All Melting Point > 200 C by Skin irritation/corrosion Exclusion rules by BfR

Domain logical expression index: "z"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as (!Undefined)Group All log Kow < -3.1 OR (!Undefined)Group All log Kow > 9 OR (!Undefined)Group All Melting Point > 200 C OR Group All log Kow < -3.1 by Skin irritation/corrosion Exclusion rules by BfR

Domain logical expression index: "aa"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= -0.112

Domain logical expression index: "ab"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= 1.51

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

The substance Chocolate Brown HT (Disodium 4,4'-[[2,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-phenylene]bis(azo)]bisnaphthalene-1-sulphonate) is estimated to be not irritating to skin of rabbits.

Executive summary:

The skin irritation effect of Chocolate Brown HT ( Disodium 4,4'-[[2,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-phenylene]bis(azo)]bisnaphthalene-1-sulphonate) in rabbits was estimated using QSAR Toolboox version 3.3

The test substance Chocolate Brown HT was estimated to be non-irritating to the skin of rabbits. Considering the CLP criteria for classification of substances, it is concluded that Chocolate Brown HT is not likely to be classified as a skin irritant.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vivo

Type of information:

(Q)SAR

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification

Justification for type of information:

The prediction is done using QSAR Toolbox version 3.3 and the supporting QMRF has been attached

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: as mentioned below

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The prediction is done using QSAR Toolbox version 3.3

GLP compliance:

no

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

New Zealand White

Vehicle:

not specified

Amount / concentration applied:

no data

Duration of treatment / exposure:

no data

Observation period (in vivo):

no data

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

no data

Irritation parameter:

overall irritation score

Basis:

mean

Reversibility:

not specified

Remarks on result:

no indication of irritation

Estimation method: Takes mode value from the 5 nearest neighbours
Domain  logical expression:Result: In Domain

(((("a" or "b" or "c" or "d" or "e" or "f" )  and ("g" and ( not "h") )  )  and (("i" or "j" or "k" or "l" or "m" or "n" )  and ("o" and ( not "p") )  )  and (("q" or "r" or "s" or "t" or "u" or "v" )  and ("w" and ( not "x") )  )  )  and ("y" and "z" )  )

Domain logical expression index: "a"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Naphthalene sulfonic acids, condensates by OECD HPV Chemical Categories

Domain logical expression index: "b"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acid moiety AND Benzyl Alcohols AND Phenols by Aquatic toxicity classification by ECOSAR

Domain logical expression index: "c"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Alcohol, olefinic attach [-OH] AND Aliphatic Carbon [CH] AND Aliphatic Carbon [-CH2-] AND Aliphatic Nitrogen, one aromatic attach [-N] AND Aromatic Carbon [C] AND Azo [-N=N-] AND Hydroxy, aliphatic attach [-OH] AND Hydroxy, aromatic attach [-OH] AND Olefinic carbon [=CH- or =C<] AND Oxygen, one aromatic attach [-O-] AND Sulfonate, aromatic attach [-SO2-O] by Organic functional groups (US EPA)

Domain logical expression index: "d"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Alcohol AND Anion AND Aromatic compound AND Azo compound AND Cation AND Hydroxy compound AND Phenol AND Primary alcohol AND Sulfonic acid derivative by Organic functional groups, Norbert Haider (checkmol)

Domain logical expression index: "e"

Similarity boundary:Target: OCc1cc(N=Nc2ccc(S(=O)(=O)O{-}.[Na]{+})c3ccccc23)c(O)c(N=Nc2ccc(S(=O)(=O)O{-}.[Na]{+})c3ccccc23)c1O
Threshold=50%,
Dice(Atom centered fragments)
Atom type; Count H attached; Hybridization

Domain logical expression index: "f"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Group 1 - Alkali Earth Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs,Fr AND Group 14 - Carbon C AND Group 15 - Nitrogen N AND Group 16 - Oxygen O AND Group 16 - Sulfur S by Chemical elements

Domain logical expression index: "g"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.3

Domain logical expression index: "h"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as AN2 OR AN2 >>  Michael-type addition, quinoid structures OR AN2 >>  Michael-type addition, quinoid structures >> Quinoneimines OR AN2 >>  Michael-type addition, quinoid structures >> Quinones OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation after aldehyde release OR AN2 >> Shiff base formation after aldehyde release >> Specific Acetate Esters OR Non-covalent interaction OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Amino Anthraquinones OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> DNA Intercalators with Carboxamide Side Chain OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Fused-Ring Nitroaromatics OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Fused-Ring Primary Aromatic Amines OR Non-covalent interaction >> DNA intercalation >> Quinones OR Non-specific OR Non-specific >> Incorporation into DNA/RNA, due to structural analogy with  nucleoside bases    OR Non-specific >> Incorporation into DNA/RNA, due to structural analogy with  nucleoside bases    >> Specific Imine and Thione Derivatives OR Radical OR Radical >> Generation of reactive oxygen species OR Radical >> Generation of reactive oxygen species >> Thiols OR Radical >> Radical mechanism by ROS formation OR Radical >> Radical mechanism by ROS formation >> Polynitroarenes OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Amino Anthraquinones OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> C-Nitroso Compounds OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Diazenes OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Fused-Ring Nitroaromatics OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Fused-Ring Primary Aromatic Amines OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitro Azoarenes OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitroaniline Derivatives OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Quinones OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Single-Ring Substituted Primary Aromatic Amines OR Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Specific Imine and Thione Derivatives OR Radical >> ROS formation after GSH depletion (indirect) OR Radical >> ROS formation after GSH depletion (indirect) >> Quinoneimines OR SN1 OR SN1 >> Alkylation after metabolically formed carbenium ion species OR SN1 >> Alkylation after metabolically formed carbenium ion species >> Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives OR SN1 >> Carbenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Carbenium ion formation >> Alpha-Haloethers OR SN1 >> DNA bases alkylation by carbenium ion formed OR SN1 >> DNA bases alkylation by carbenium ion formed >> Diazoalkanes OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after carbenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after carbenium ion formation >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after diazonium or carbenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after diazonium or carbenium ion formation >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation >> Amino Anthraquinones OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation >> Fused-Ring Primary Aromatic Amines OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation >> Single-Ring Substituted Primary Aromatic Amines OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Fused-Ring Nitroaromatics OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitro Azoarenes OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitroaniline Derivatives OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Nitrobiphenyls and Bridged Nitrobiphenyls OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after reduction and nitrenium ion formation >> Polynitroarenes OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic substitution after glutathione-induced nitrenium ion formation OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic substitution after glutathione-induced nitrenium ion formation >> C-Nitroso Compounds OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic substitution on diazonium ions OR SN1 >> Nucleophilic substitution on diazonium ions >> Specific Imine and Thione Derivatives OR SN2 OR SN2 >> Acylation OR SN2 >> Acylation >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related after P450-mediated metabolic activation OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related after P450-mediated metabolic activation >> Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives OR SN2 >> Direct acting epoxides formed after metabolic activation OR SN2 >> Direct acting epoxides formed after metabolic activation >> Quinoline Derivatives OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom OR SN2 >> Nucleophilic substitution at sp3 Carbon atom >> Specific Acetate Esters OR SN2 >> SN2 at an activated carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 at an activated carbon atom >> Quinoline Derivatives OR SN2 >> SN2 at sp3-carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 at sp3-carbon atom >> Alpha-Haloethers OR SN2 >> SN2 attack on activated carbon Csp3 or Csp2 OR SN2 >> SN2 attack on activated carbon Csp3 or Csp2 >> Nitroarenes with Other Active Groups by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.3

Domain logical expression index: "i"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Naphthalene sulfonic acids, condensates by OECD HPV Chemical Categories

Domain logical expression index: "j"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acid moiety AND Benzyl Alcohols AND Phenols by Aquatic toxicity classification by ECOSAR

Domain logical expression index: "k"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Alcohol, olefinic attach [-OH] AND Aliphatic Carbon [CH] AND Aliphatic Carbon [-CH2-] AND Aliphatic Nitrogen, one aromatic attach [-N] AND Aromatic Carbon [C] AND Azo [-N=N-] AND Hydroxy, aliphatic attach [-OH] AND Hydroxy, aromatic attach [-OH] AND Olefinic carbon [=CH- or =C<] AND Oxygen, one aromatic attach [-O-] AND Sulfonate, aromatic attach [-SO2-O] by Organic functional groups (US EPA)

Domain logical expression index: "l"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Alcohol AND Anion AND Aromatic compound AND Azo compound AND Cation AND Hydroxy compound AND Phenol AND Primary alcohol AND Sulfonic acid derivative by Organic functional groups, Norbert Haider (checkmol)

Domain logical expression index: "m"

Similarity boundary:Target: OCc1cc(N=Nc2ccc(S(=O)(=O)O{-}.[Na]{+})c3ccccc23)c(O)c(N=Nc2ccc(S(=O)(=O)O{-}.[Na]{+})c3ccccc23)c1O
Threshold=50%,
Dice(Atom centered fragments)
Atom type; Count H attached; Hybridization

Domain logical expression index: "n"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Group 1 - Alkali Earth Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs,Fr AND Group 14 - Carbon C AND Group 15 - Nitrogen N AND Group 16 - Oxygen O AND Group 16 - Sulfur S by Chemical elements

Domain logical expression index: "o"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Non binder, MW>500 by Estrogen Receptor Binding

Domain logical expression index: "p"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Moderate binder, NH2 group OR Moderate binder, OH grooup OR Non binder, impaired OH or NH2 group OR Non binder, non cyclic structure OR Non binder, without OH or NH2 group OR Strong binder, NH2 group OR Strong binder, OH group OR Very strong binder, OH group by Estrogen Receptor Binding

Domain logical expression index: "q"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Naphthalene sulfonic acids, condensates by OECD HPV Chemical Categories

Domain logical expression index: "r"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acid moiety AND Benzyl Alcohols AND Phenols by Aquatic toxicity classification by ECOSAR

Domain logical expression index: "s"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Alcohol, olefinic attach [-OH] AND Aliphatic Carbon [CH] AND Aliphatic Carbon [-CH2-] AND Aliphatic Nitrogen, one aromatic attach [-N] AND Aromatic Carbon [C] AND Azo [-N=N-] AND Hydroxy, aliphatic attach [-OH] AND Hydroxy, aromatic attach [-OH] AND Olefinic carbon [=CH- or =C<] AND Oxygen, one aromatic attach [-O-] AND Sulfonate, aromatic attach [-SO2-O] by Organic functional groups (US EPA)

Domain logical expression index: "t"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Alcohol AND Anion AND Aromatic compound AND Azo compound AND Cation AND Hydroxy compound AND Phenol AND Primary alcohol AND Sulfonic acid derivative by Organic functional groups, Norbert Haider (checkmol)

Domain logical expression index: "u"

Similarity boundary:Target: OCc1cc(N=Nc2ccc(S(=O)(=O)O{-}.[Na]{+})c3ccccc23)c(O)c(N=Nc2ccc(S(=O)(=O)O{-}.[Na]{+})c3ccccc23)c1O
Threshold=50%,
Dice(Atom centered fragments)
Atom type; Count H attached; Hybridization

Domain logical expression index: "v"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Group 1 - Alkali Earth Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs,Fr AND Group 14 - Carbon C AND Group 15 - Nitrogen N AND Group 16 - Oxygen O AND Group 16 - Sulfur S by Chemical elements

Domain logical expression index: "w"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as No alert found by Protein binding by OASIS v1.3

Domain logical expression index: "x"

Referential boundary: The target chemical should be classified as Acylation OR Acylation >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group OR Acylation >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group >> Azlactones and unsaturated lactone derivatives  OR Acylation >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group >> N-Acylated heteroaromatic amines  OR Acylation >> Direct acylation involving a leaving group >> N-Acylsulfonamides  OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis >> Amides OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis >> Dithiocarbamates OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis or thiolysis OR Acylation >> Ester aminolysis or thiolysis >> Activated aryl esters  OR Acylation >> Ring opening acylation OR Acylation >> Ring opening acylation >> beta-Lactams  OR Michael Addition OR Michael Addition >> Michael addition on conjugated systems with electron withdrawing group OR Michael Addition >> Michael addition on conjugated systems with electron withdrawing group >> Activated electrophilic ethenylarenes  OR Michael Addition >> Michael addition on conjugated systems with electron withdrawing group >> alpha,beta-Carbonyl compounds with polarized double bonds  OR Michael Addition >> Polarised Alkenes OR Michael Addition >> Polarised Alkenes >> Polarised Alkenes - sulfones  OR Michael Addition >> Quinoide type compounds OR Michael Addition >> Quinoide type compounds >> Quinone methide(s)/imines; Quinoide oxime structure; Nitroquinones, Naphthoquinone(s)/imines  OR Nucleophilic addition OR Nucleophilic addition >> Addition to carbon-hetero double bonds OR Nucleophilic addition >> Addition to carbon-hetero double bonds >> Ketones OR Nucleophilic addition >> Nucleophilic addition reaction at polarized N-functional double bond OR Nucleophilic addition >> Nucleophilic addition reaction at polarized N-functional double bond >> C-Nitroso compounds  OR Schiff base formation OR Schiff base formation >> Pyrazolones and Pyrazolidinones derivatives OR Schiff base formation >> Pyrazolones and Pyrazolidinones derivatives >> Pyrazolones and Pyrazolidinones  OR SN1 OR SN1 >> Carbenium ion formation (enzymatic) OR SN1 >> Carbenium ion formation (enzymatic) >> Carbenium ion OR SN2 OR SN2 >> Interchange reaction with sulphur containing compounds OR SN2 >> Interchange reaction with sulphur containing compounds >> Thiols and disulfide compounds  OR SN2 >> SN2 Reaction at a sp3 carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 Reaction at a sp3 carbon atom >> Activated alkyl esters and thioesters  OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at a sulfur atom OR SN2 >> SN2 reaction at a sulfur atom >> Thiocyanates OR SNAr OR SNAr >> Nucleophilic aromatic substitution on activated aryl and heteroaryl compounds OR SNAr >> Nucleophilic aromatic substitution on activated aryl and heteroaryl compounds >> Activated aryl and heteroaryl compounds by Protein binding by OASIS v1.3

Domain logical expression index: "y"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= -0.112

Domain logical expression index: "z"

Parametric boundary:The target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= 1.51

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

The test substance Chocolate Brown HT (Disodium 4,4'-[[2,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-phenylene]bis(azo)]bisnaphthalene-1-sulphonate) was estimated to be non-irritating to the eyes of rabbits.

Executive summary:

The eye irritation effect of Chocolate Brown HT ( Disodium 4,4'-[[2,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-phenylene]bis(azo)]bisnaphthalene-1-sulphonate) in rabbits was estimated using QSAR Toolboox version 3.3.

The test substance Chocolate Brown HT was estimated to be non-irritating to the eyes of rabbits. Considering the CLP criteria for classification of substances, it is concluded that Chocolate Brown HT is not likely to be classified as an eye irritant.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Respiratory irritation

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Skin irritation:
Predicted data for skin irritation endpoint of the target Disodium 4,4'-[[2,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-phenylene]bis(azo)]bisnaphthalene-1-sulphonate and its read across substance is summarised below:

For target, the skin irritation effect of Chocolate Brown HT ( Disodium 4,4'-[[2,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-phenylene]bis(azo)]bisnaphthalene-1-sulphonate) in rabbits was estimated using QSAR Toolboox version 3.3.The test substance Chocolate Brown HT was estimated to be non-irritating to the skin of rabbits. Considering the CLP criteria for classification of substances, it is concluded that Chocolate Brown HT is not likely to be classified as a skin irritant.

While for read across substance (CAS 4193-55-9), the skin irritation effect of Cellufluor (Disodium 4,4'-bis[6-anilino-[4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]stilbene-2,2'-disulphonate) was tested in rabbits. Cellufluor was determined to be non-irritating to skin of rabbit.

Considering the above results and by weight of evidence approach, the target substance Chocolate Brown HT ( Disodium 4,4'-[[2,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-phenylene]bis(azo)]bisnaphthalene-1-sulphonate) is stated to be a non skin irritant as per CLP criteria.

Eye irritation:
The eye irritation effect of Chocolate Brown HT ( Disodium 4,4'-[[2,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-phenylene]bis(azo)]bisnaphthalene-1-sulphonate) in rabbits was estimated using QSAR Toolboox version 3.3. The test substance Chocolate Brown HT was estimated to be non-irritating to the eyes of rabbits. Considering the CLP criteria for classification of substances, it is concluded that Chocolate Brown HT is not likely to be classified as an eye irritant.

Justification for classification or non-classification

On the basis of available data from reliable sources, the test substance is likely to be non irritating to skin and eyes.