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EC number: 237-059-9 | CAS number: 13597-86-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
No specific data on the ADME of diammonium dihydrogenpyrophosphate is available.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Bioaccumulation potential:
- no bioaccumulation potential
- Absorption rate - oral (%):
- 100
- Absorption rate - dermal (%):
- 100
- Absorption rate - inhalation (%):
- 100
Additional information
In the absence of specific data regarding the ADME of diammonium dihydrogenpyrophosphate its physicochemical properties and relevant toxicity data (where available) were assessed for insights into likely ADME characteristics. Diammonium dihydrogenpyrophosphate has a molecular weight of ca. 212 and is considered to be soluble in water; Therefore, absorption via the dermal route is possible. Due to the high water solubility; the substance will readily dissolve in biological fluids and therefore absorption via the inhalation and oral routes is anticipated. A default value of 100% absorption is considered appropriate for all routes of exposure as a worst-case. There are no substance-specific data regarding distribution and metabolism but the body is likely to handle any absorbed material in the same way that it normally deals with ammonium and phosphate compounds. Following ingestion, any absorbed diammonium dihydrogenpyrophosphate will be absorbed as ammonium and phosphate ions. Ammonium ions absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract travels via the hepatic portal vein directly to the liver, where in healthy individuals, most of it is converted to urea and glutamine.
Phosphate may be present as diphosphate or orthophosphate. The diphosphate/pyrophosphate ion is the simplest form of a condensed phosphate group. A condensed phosphate anion has one or several P-O-P bonds. As the group contains only two phosphate groups, both of the phosphorus ions are classified as “terminal phosphorus”. The diphosphate can undergo ionisation with loss of H+ from each of the two –OH groups on each P and therefore can occur in the -1, -2 -3 or -4 state. The degree of ionisation is dependent upon the associated cations and the ambient pH (if in solution).
The polymer chains do undergo hydrolysis (increased in acidic conditions) to form shorter polymers and ultimately orthophosphoric acid (P2O5). Biotic hydrolysis is fast through ubiquitous alkaline phosphatase activity in micro- and macroorganisms.
It is anticipated that phosphate will be primarily absorbed in the orthophosphate form.
ABSORPTION
Oral
No data were found specifically regarding the oral absorption of diammonium dihydrogenpyrophosphate. Given the water solubility and the low molecular weight absorption via aqueous pores is anticipated. Therefore, it is assumed that diammonium dihydrogenpyrophosphate is systemically available. As such, oral absorption is anticipated to be 100%.
Dermal
According to ECHA guidance, a molecule with a MW of ca. 212 may be absorbed through the skin (ECHA, 2012). For a compound to penetrate the stratum corneum, it must be sufficiently water soluble i.e. above 1 mg/L (ECHA, 2012). Although, the substance is soluble it is likely to be absorbed in the highly ionised form which reduces drastically the potential to penetrate the lipid rich environment of the striatum corneum. Therefore, dermal uptake of diphosphate will probably be minimal. In addition, as a result of binding to skin components, the uptake of ammonium ions will be slowed.
Due to the uncertainty regarding dermal exposure, a default worst-case value of 100% absorption is considered.
Inhalation
A default value of 100% inhalation absorption is usually applied. In general, very hydrophilic substances might be absorbed through aqueous pores (MW <200) or be retained in the mucous and transported out of the respiratory tract, and subsequently swallowed (ECHA, 2012). In the case of diammonium dihydrogenpyrophosphate absorption via the respiratory tract is likely.
DISTRIBUTION and METABOLISM
No data are available regarding the distribution and metabolism for diammonium dihydrogenpyrophosphate. Since the substance is highly soluble and has a molecular weight of 212 the substance may be able to diffuse through aqueous channels and pores (ECHA, 2012). Presumably, any absorbed material will be handled in the same way as other absorbed ammonium and phosphate compounds. Following ingestion, any absorbed diammonium dihydrogenpyrophosphate will be absorbed as ammonium and phosphate ions. Ammonium ion absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract travels via the hepatic portal vein directly to the liver, where in healthy individuals, most of it is converted to urea and glutamine.
EXCRETION
It is anticipated that excretion will mainly occur via the urine. Due to the presence of the ammonium ion, excretion via the bile is considered to be low.
References
ECHA (2012). Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. Chapter R.7c: Endpoint specific guidance. November 2012 (version 1.1).
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