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EC number: 274-778-7 | CAS number: 70693-62-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2007
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: US EPA 850.5400, 1996 draft
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2006
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples were taken at 0 and 96 h. Due to the high LOQ of 700 µg KMPS triple salt/L, samples from the highest concentrations and from stock solutions were taken only.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- not indicated
- Test organisms (species):
- Skeletonema costatum
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Species/strain: Marine diatom (Skeletonema costatum )
- Source: Department of Botany, University of Texas
- Method of cultivation: Cultures were prepared from stock culture and maintained at 20°C at 14 hours light - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- saltwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- not indicated
- Hardness:
- not indicated
- Test temperature:
- 20±2°C
- pH:
- 8.1
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Not reported
- Salinity:
- 20 ± 3 ‰
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Initial concentrations of test substance: 0, 55.6, 111, 222, 444, 889, 1780 µg KMPS/L, corresponding to
0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 µg KHSO5/L
Measured concentrations:
The highest concentration of the solutions was analysed:
0 h and 96 h: below LOQ (LOQ = 700 µg/L)
Concentrations of stock solution ranged from 88 to 100% of nominal.
More details are given in "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables" - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Volume of test vessels: 250 mL vessels containing 100 mL test solution
- Vessels were covered with foam stoppers
- Aeration: Test chambers were hand-swirled twice daily
- Initial cells density: 7.6 x 10^4 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 155 x 10^4 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes, Saltwater algae nutrient medium (SWAM)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Yes, pH adjusted to 8.1 using 0.1 N hydrochloric acid and 0.1 N sodium hydroxide
- Photoperiod: 14 h light
- Light intensity: 4105 - 4351 lux
- Salinity (for marine algae): 20 ± 3 ‰
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED : cell number, inhibition of growth rate - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 111 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 444 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ErC50
- Effect conc.:
- 556 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 511 - 600
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ErC50
- Effect conc.:
- 489 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 489 - 511
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control: No abnormal appearance of control algae was observed. The growth rate corresponded to the required range.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Statistics was performed with SAS software, the NOEC were determined using ANOVA and one-tailed Dunnett´s test.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The study and the conclusions which are drawn from it fulfill the quality criteria (validity, reliability, repeatability).The ErC50 and EbC50 values were calculated to be 556 and 489 µg KMPS triple salt/L, respectively.
- Executive summary:
Materials and methods
The acute toxicity of KMPS triple salt to the marine diatom was determined in a static dose-response 96-h test according to the US EPA guideline 850.5400, 1996.
Results and discussion
The analytical verification of stock solutions resulted in recoveries ranging from 88 100 % of nominal. The measured concentrations in the 1,780 µg KMPS triple salt/L treatment (corresponding to 800 µg KHSO5) at 0 and 96 hours were less than the LOQ, which was determined to be 700 µg KHSO5/L/. The results were based on nominal concencentrations.
NOEC = 111 µg KMPS triple salt/L (biomass), 444 µg KMPS triple salt/L (growth rate)
ErC50 = 556 µg KMPS triple salt/L
EbC50 = 489 µg KMPS triple salt/L
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2001-05-04 - 2001-12-11
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Triplicate samples were taken at 0 hours from stock solutions. Samples were not filtered, i.e. to remove algal cells before analysis.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- not indicated
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Species/strain: Selenastrum capricornutum, Strain No. CCAP 278/4
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Culture Collection of Algae & Protozoa, Institute of Freshwater Ecology, Cumbria, UK
- Method of cultivation: Sterile nutrient medium was inoculated from a master culture and cultured under continuous illumination (6000-10000 lux) at 23°C - Test type:
- static
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- not indicated
- Hardness:
- not indicated
- Test temperature:
- 23±1°C
- pH:
- 6.9 – 7.1
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.7 – 9.5
- Salinity:
- not indicated
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal test solutions: 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0 mg/L
Nominal concentrations of stock solutions, which were analysed: 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10 mg/L
Measured concentrations of stock solutions: 1.3, 2.8, 5.3, 10 mg/L
More details are given in "Any other information on materials and methodes incl. tables" - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessels were loosely stoppered
- Size of the test vessels: 250 mL
- Aeration: by orbital shaker, oscillating at 140 cycles per minute
- Initial cells density: 10.000 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes, according to the guideline
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 16 h photoperiod daily
- Light intensity and quality: 3600-4700 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: growth inhibition and biomass - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EbC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.97 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 0.87 - > 1.0
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ErC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 0.0 - > 1.0
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EbC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 0.92 - > 1.0
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: ErC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Not determined
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control: yes
- Other effects: Regrowth was observed after 3 days when cultures previously exposed to 1.0 mg/L were placed in fresh medium. This indicates that
KMPS triple salt compound had an algistatic effect on algal growth at a concentration of 1.0 mg/L. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- EC50 values calculated using logistic model (Ashton, 1972), 95% confidence limits estimated by likelihood ratio method (Williams, 1986)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- (Factor of increase of cell numbers > 16; pH of control cultures remained within 1 unit; Concentration of test substance equal with or greater than 80% of initial concentration during test)
- Conclusions:
- The study and the conclusions which are drawn from it fulfill the quality criteria (validity, reliability, repeatability). The 72-h EC50 for algae was determined to be 0.97 (biomass) mg/L and >1.0 (growth rate). All results are expressed in terms of nominal concentration.
- Executive summary:
Materials and methods
An acute toxicity test in algae was performed according to OECD 201 without deviations. The test system was static and Selenastrum capricornutum was used as test organism. Algae were exposed for 72 h to 5 different concentrations in order to derive an EC50.
Results
NOEC (72 hours) = 0.5 mg/L
EbC50 (72 hours) = 0.97 mg/L
ErC50(0-72 hours) > 1.0 mg/L
EbC50(96 hours) = 1.0 mg/L
ErC50 (0-96 hours) > 1.0 mg/L
Referenceopen allclose all
Cell concentration data
Test-Substance Concentration [µg KMPS triple salt/L] | Cell concentrations (mean values) | |||||
measured | ||||||
24 h | 48 h | 72 h | 96 h | % inhibition 72 h | % inhibition 96 h | |
Control | 25 | 54 | 127 | 155 | - | - |
55.6 | 22 | 55 | 117 | 150 | 5 | 6 |
111 | 23 | 48 | 112 | 174 | 12 | 5 |
222 | 15* | 43 | 114 | 130 | 21 | 18 |
444 | 13* | 31* | 113 | 126 | 33 | 24 |
889 | 4.2* | 4.8* | 7.7* | 7.2* | 100 | 100 |
1780 | 3.8* | 3.8* | 8.7* | 7.4* | 100 | 100 |
Temperature [0C] | 21.4-21.7 | - | - | - | - | 20.7-21.0 |
pH | 8.1 | - | - | - | - | 7.9-8.8 |
An initial cell concentration of 7.6 x 104 wasincubated
* Statistically significant different from control (Dunnett´s test, p=0.05)
Growth rate data
Test-Substance Concentration [µg KMPS triple salt/L] | Mean growth rate | |||||
measured | ||||||
24 h | 48 h | 72 h | 96 h | % inhibition 72 h | % inhibition 96 h | |
Control | 0.048 | 0.040 | 0.039 | 0.031 | - | - |
55.6 | 0.044 | 0.041 | 0.038 | 0.031 | 3 | 0 |
111 | 0.047 | 0.038 | 0.037 | 0.032 | 5 | -3 |
222 | 0.029* | 0.036 | 0.038 | 0.029 | 3 | 6 |
444 | 0.023* | 0.028* | 0.038 | 0.029 | 3 | 6 |
889 | 0* | 0* | 0* | 0* | 100 | 100 |
1780 | 0* | 0* | 0.0018* | 0* | 95 | 100 |
* Statistically significant different from control (Dunnett´s test, p=0.05)
Area under the growth curve
Test-Substance Concentration [µg KMPS triple salt/L] | Mean area under the growth curve | |||||
measured | ||||||
24 h | 48 h | 72 h | 96 h | % inhibition 72 h | % inhibition 96 h | |
Control | 205 | 960 | 2940 | 6140 | - | - |
55.6 | 169 | 902 | 2780 | 5790 | 5 | 6 |
111 | 189 | 862 | 2600 | 5850 | 12 | 5 |
222 | 92.8* | 610* | 2320* | 5060* | 21 | 18 |
444 | 68.8* | 422* | 1980* | 4660* | 33 | 24 |
889 | 0* | 0* | 0* | 0* | 100 | 100 |
1780 | 0* | 0* | 0* | 0* | 100 | 100 |
* Statistically significant different from control (Dunnett´s test, p=0.05)
Effect data as KMPS triple salt
- | 96 h [µg/L]1 | 95 % c.l. |
EbC50 | 489 | 489-511 |
ErC50 | 556 | 511-600 |
NOEC biomass | 111 | - |
NOEC growth | 444 | - |
1 effect data are based on nominal concentrations
Cell concentration data
Test-Substance Concentration | Cell concentrations (mean values) | ||||
measured | |||||
0 h | 24 h | 48 h | 72 h | 96 h | |
Control | 16495 | 39881 | 134907 | 536167 | 1682000 |
0.0625 | 15460 | 37316 | 139713 | 569867 | 1661400 |
0.125 | 14629 | 36056 | 139040 | 571853 | 1900267 |
0.25 | 13459 | 34380 | 112883 | 499667 | 1676900 |
0.50 | 12630 | 34397 | 119847 | 541707 | 1728200 |
1.0 | 12046 | 29361 | 67633 | 229900 | 879000 |
Temperature [0C] | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 22 |
pH | 7.5-7.6 | - | - | - | 7.4-7.6 |
Summary of effects on cell growth and biomass after 72 h
Nominal concentration (mg/L) | Area under curve 72 h | % inhibition | Growth rate 0-72 h | % inhibition |
Control | 9.6 | - | 0.048 | - |
0.0625 | 10 | -5.4 | 0.050 | (3.7) |
0.125 | 10 | -5.4 | 0.051 | (5.4) |
0.25 | 8.7 | 9.5 | 0.050 | (3.8) |
0.50 | 9.4 | 2.0 | 0.052 | (8.1) |
1.0 | 4.4 | 55 | 0.041 | 15 |
Figures in brackets denote negative inhibition, which indicate increase in cell density compared to control
Summary of effects on cell growth and biomass after 96 h
Nominal concentration (mg/L) | Area under curve 72 h | % inhibition | Growth rate 0-72 h | % inhibition |
Control | 36 | - | 0.048 | - |
0.0625 | 37 | -2.0 | 0.049 | (1.2) |
0.125 | 40 | -10 | 0.051 | (5.2) |
0.25 | 35 | 3.7 | 0.050 | (4.3) |
0.50 | 36 | -1.4 | 0.051 | (6.4) |
1.0 | 17 | 52 | 0.045 | 7.2 |
Figures in brackets denote negative inhibition, which indicate increase in cell density compared to control
Effect data
- | 72 h [mg/L]1 | 95 % c.l. | 96 h [mg/L]1 | 95 % c.l. |
EbC50 | 0.97 | 0.87->1.0 | 1.0 | 0.92->1.0 |
ErC50 | >1.0 | 0.0->1.0 | >1.0 | n.d. |
NOEC | 0.50 | - | 0.50 | - |
1effect data are based on nominal concentrations
Description of key information
The acute toxicity of KMPS triple salt to aquatic algae was tested in two key studies. One acute toxicity test was performed according to the EU Guideline C3 and to the OECD Guideline 201. The second test was performed according to the US EPA guideline 850.5400, 1996.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 1 mg/L
- EC50 for marine water algae:
- 0.556 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 0.5 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for marine water algae:
- 0.444 mg/L
Additional information
The acute toxicity tests in algae and diatoms were performed according to guideline OECD 201, without deviations.The test systems were static and Selenastrum capricornutum (freshwater) and Skeletonema costatum (marine) were used as test organisms.Algae and diatoms were exposed for 72 h to 5 different concentrations in order to derive EC50-values.
It is important to note that the marine test is likely to overestimate the toxicity to KMPS triple salt, because in salt water oxidation of KMPS triple salt generates chlorine from sodium chloride, increasing the biocidal activity of test solutions. Further, as results obtained from these exponential test systems cannot be used without logarithmic transformation, only growth rate ErC50-values are relevant (TGD, 2003). Based on the behaviour of KMPS triple salt in sea water and the marginal ErC50-values obtained, classification and labelling with Acute env. tox. cat. 1, H400, according to Regulation 1272/2008/EC (CLP), respectively, does not apply.
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