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EC number: 200-858-8 | CAS number: 75-29-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1993
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study without detailed documentation.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 993
- Report date:
- 1993
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- absorption
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 417 (Toxicokinetics)
- Version / remarks:
- -reliability scoring based on 1984 guideline.
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- -deviations included source or origin of the test article and acclimatization period were not reported and information was not reported at all time-points for each individual rat
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2-chloropropane
- EC Number:
- 200-858-8
- EC Name:
- 2-chloropropane
- Cas Number:
- 75-29-6
- Molecular formula:
- C3H7Cl
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-chloropropane
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Isopropyl chloride (IPC)
- Physical state: Reported as a "volatile solvent"
- Analytical purity: 97%
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): isopropanol 2%, diisopropylether 0.6%, low chain hydrocarbons 0.3%, and water 0.08%
- Storage condition of test material: Stored in glass bottles at approximately 4°C
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- no
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River Wiga, Germany
- Age at study initiation: Not reported
- Weight at study initiation: 349 ± 65 g
- Fasting period before study: Not reported
- Housing: Housed individually in polycarbonate cages
- Individual metabolism cages: yes
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Fortified autoclaved pellet diet from lid racks; ad libitum (diet was not available during exposure period)
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): Heat-treated tap water from water bottles; ad libitum (water was not available during exposure period)
- Acclimation period: Not reported
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 ± 2
- Humidity (%): 55 ± 10
- Air changes (per hr): 12 to 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: vapour
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on exposure:
- TYPE OF INHALATION EXPOSURE: head only
Male Sprague Dawley rats received single head-only exposures to IPC vapor for 6 h with weekly repetitions.
For exposure, the liquid test substance was vaporized at defined rates (approximately 35°C) diluted with fresh, filtered, and conditioned air to obtain the target concentrations, and passed continuously through the exposure chambers (flow rate being approximately 160 L/min). The concentrations of the test substance in the exposure chambers were monitored continuously by a flame ionization detector (FID) during exposure. The FID was calibrated by “offline” capillary gas chromatography analysis of samples collected using adsorption tubes. The mean IPC concentrations in the exposure chambers were 248, 419, and 1007 ppm (deviations from the mean values were less than 5%). - Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- 6-hour single exposure with weekly repetitions (some animals were included in more than 1 dose group; no explanation was provided)
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
Target exposure concentrations = 250, 500, and 1000 ppm.
Actual mean concentrations = 248, 419, and 1007 ppm.
- No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:
- 4 to 6 animals/group
- Control animals:
- no
- Positive control reference chemical:
- None used.
- Details on study design:
- - Dose selection rationale: The authors reported that in previous inhalation studies, the toxicity of IPC at concentrations between 200 and 1000 ppm has been studied.
- Rationale for animal assignment (if not random): Not reported - Details on dosing and sampling:
- PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY (Absorption)
- Tissues and body fluids sampled: blood
- Time and frequency of sampling: On each exposure day, blood samples were taken from a minimum of 4 rats at the following time-points: 1 sample before the start of exposure, 2 samples within 1 h after start of exposure, 1 sample within the last half hour before the end of exposure, and 2 samples within 1 h after the end of exposure. The IPC concentration in blood was determined by gas chromatography.
- Statistics:
- The parameters for IPC absorption were least square fitted using the Levenberg-Marquardt method (Press et al., 1989) from the IPC concentration in each blood sample according to a 3-parameter exponential regression model.
Due to the fact that no statistical difference was seen between the elimination constant during exposure and after end of exposure, the values for the IPC concentrations during and after exposure were pooled, and an additional evaluation (2-parameter model) was performed according to an exponential regression equation.
Analysis of variance followed by Duncan test was performed for equilibrium concentrations determined in blood.
Results and discussion
- Preliminary studies:
- The authors reported that in previous inhalation studies, the toxicity of IPC at concentrations between 200 and 1000 ppm was studied (Leuschner, 1990; Gage, 1970; Dow Chemical Company, 1958; INBIFO P0542/1811, 1993). This study investigated the biokinetics of inhaled IPC in the above-mentioned concentration range.
Toxicokinetic / pharmacokinetic studies
- Details on absorption:
- The elimination constants during exposure as well as those after exposure were between 0.04 and 0.07 per min. No concentration-related differences or trends were observed. The biological half-life of IPC in rats was approximately 15 min. The data indicates that a residual accumulation of IPC in blood can be excluded. The blood equilbrium concentrations measured following IPC exposures to 248, 419, and 1007 ppm were 3.7, 4.5, and 9.3 μg/mL, respectively. No other details on absorption were reported.
- Details on distribution in tissues:
- Not investigated.
Transfer into organs
- Observation:
- other: not applicable
- Details on excretion:
- Not investigated.
Toxicokinetic parametersopen allclose all
- Test no.:
- #1
- Toxicokinetic parameters:
- other: blood equilbrium concentration was 3.7 μg/mL at 248 ppm
- Test no.:
- #1
- Toxicokinetic parameters:
- other: blood equilbrium concentration was 4.5 μg/mL at 419 ppm
- Test no.:
- #1
- Toxicokinetic parameters:
- other: blood equilbrium concentration was 9.3 μg/mL at 1007 ppm
- Test no.:
- #1
- Toxicokinetic parameters:
- half-life 1st: approximately 15 minutes
Metabolite characterisation studies
- Metabolites identified:
- not measured
- Details on metabolites:
- Not investigated.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The blood equilbrium concentrations measured following IPC exposures to 248, 419, and 1007 ppm were 3.7, 4.5, and 9.3 μg/mL, respectively. The elimination constants during exposure as well as those after exposure were between 0.04 and 0.07 per min. No concentration-related differences or trends were observed. The biological half-life of IPC in rats was approximately 15 minutes. Based on the findings, the authors reported that a residual accumulation of IPC in blood can be excluded.
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