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EC number: 231-635-3 | CAS number: 7664-41-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Epidemiological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- epidemiological data
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Published study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Association of Petrochemical Exposure with Spontaneous Abortion
- Author:
- Xu, X., Cho S-I., Sammel, M., You, L., Cui, S., Huang, Y., Ma, G., Padungtod, C., Pothier, L., Niu, T., Christiani, D., Smith, T., Ryan, L., Wang, L.
- Year:
- 1 998
- Bibliographic source:
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 55(1): 31-36
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- cohort study (retrospective)
- Endpoint addressed:
- developmental toxicity / teratogenicity
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A retrospective cohort study investigating worker exposure and spontaneous abortion
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- : not relevant for this study type
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Ammonia, anhydrous
- EC Number:
- 231-635-3
- EC Name:
- Ammonia, anhydrous
- Cas Number:
- 7664-41-7
- Molecular formula:
- H3N
- IUPAC Name:
- ammonia
- Details on test material:
- Ammonia
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- The study was a retrospective epidemiological study in a large petrochemical complex in Beijing, China to assess the association between petrochemical exposure and spontaneous abortion. In total, 2853 non-smoking women who were 20-44 years of age and had been pregnant at least once participated in the study. 97 women were found to have been exposed to ammonia. Women and their husbands were interviewed collecting information on reproductive history, pregnancy outcomes, employment history, alcohol consumption, indoor air pollution, and demographic variables. Exposure during the pre-conception period and the first trimester of pregnancy was calculated from information on perceived ammonia exposure. Exposure during the first, second, and third trimesters was recorded separately for each pregnancy.
- Exposure assessment:
- not specified
- Details on exposure:
- Women were exposed to ammonia in an occupational setting; a large petrochemical complex in Beijing China.
- Statistical methods:
- Only results from the women’s first pregnancies were analysed using multiple logistic regression.
Results and discussion
- Results:
- Data analyses did not show any effect on spontaneous abortion (Odds Ratio: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.5-2.6).
- Confounding factors:
- Actual exposure levels were unknown.
- Strengths and weaknesses:
- Data analyses did not show any effect on spontaneous abortion (Odds Ratio: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.5-2.6), but actual exposure levels were unknown.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Data analyses did not show any effect on spontaneous abortion (Odds Ratio: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.5-2.6), but actual exposure levels were unknown.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Data analyses did not show any effect on spontaneous abortion (Odds Ratio: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.5-2.6), but actual exposure levels were unknown.
- Executive summary:
The study was a retrospective epidemiological study in a large petrochemical complex in Beijing, China to assess the association between petrochemical exposure and spontaneous abortion. In total, 2853 non-smoking women who were 20-44 years of age and had been pregnant at least once participated in the study. Women and their husbands were interviewed collecting information on reproductive history, pregnancy outcomes, employment history, alcohol consumption, indoor air pollution, and demographic variables. 97 women were exposed to ammonia in the occupational setting. Data analyses did not show any effect on spontaneous abortion (Odds Ratio: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.5-2.6), but actual exposure levels were unknown.
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