Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 231-545-4 | CAS number: 7631-86-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Sediment toxicity
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- sediment toxicity: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 09 September 2018 to December 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ISO standard 10872
- Version / remarks:
- 2010 / Water quality -- Determination of the toxic effect of sediment and soil samples on growth, fertility and reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematoda)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- Testing house has longterm experience with the nematode test and participated in ring tests within the standardization process of ISO 10872
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SSA 415 m2/g, water solubility 232.6 mg/L
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- 6 replicates/treatment group;
10 test organisms/replicate - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on sediment and application:
- PREPARATION OF SPIKED SEDIMENT
- Artifical sediment according to ISO standard was used (41% sand (> 63 µm), 54.5% silt (2-63µm), 4.5% clay (<2µm) and 2.1% total organic content);
- Details of spiking: artifical sediment was spiked with the test substance in various concentrations (nominal concentration range between 0.5 and 10 g/kg sediment dry weight (dw)). The test substance was directly added to sediment.
- Equilibration time: 24 hours
- Equilibration conditions: 6 °C
- Controls: sediment, non-spiked
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): none used - Test organisms (species):
- nematodes
- Details on test organisms:
- Caenorhabditis elegans, strain N2; genotype: C. elegans wild type, DR subclone of CB original (Tc1 pattern);
Source: Caenorhabditis Genetic Centre; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA;
first juvenile stage (J1) at start of the test (initial body length: Test 1: 315 (± 34) µm; Test 2: 332 (± 52) µm)
Cultivation of test organisms: according to ISO 10872 - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Test type:
- static
- Type of sediment:
- artificial sediment
- Limit test:
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Test temperature:
- 19.9-20.4°C
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0 (control), 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10g/kg dry sediment (nominal), corresponding to 0, 0.06, 0.3, 0.6, 3 and 6 g/kg wet weight (nominal)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container: 12-well multidishes
- Sediment volume: 0.300 (± 0.003) g of the dry spiked sediment or the controls were weighed into each test well
- Weight of wet sediment with and without water: 0.2 ml M9-medium (ISO 10872; 6 g Na2HPO4/L, 3 g KH2PO4/L, 5 g NaCl, 0.25 g MgSO4 7H2O/L) were added to 0.3 g dry sediment to moisten the sediment and to achieve a sediment wet weight of 0.5g and a water content of 40%
EXPOSURE REGIME
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 6
- No. of replicates per control / vehicle control: 6
- Feeding: Immediately before the start of the test, 0.5 mL of bacterial suspension (Escherichia coli OP50 n M9-medium; cell density: 12,000 ± 600 FAU; according to ISO 10872) were added to the 0.5 g wet sediment and thoroughly mixed with a spatula, achieving 1 g of wet sediment with 0.300 (± 0.003) g dry weight.)
After 96 hours, all wells were stained with Bengal rose and heat treated at 80 °C for 10 minutes; afterwards stored at 8 °C (in accordance with ISO 10872)
EXTRACTION OF NEMATODES FROM TESTED SEDIMENTS
After termination of the test, test organisms and offspring are separated from the sediment by a flotation technique using Ludox TM50 (50 wt % suspension in water; Sigma-Aldrich; Batch: 07826PH; adjusted with water to a density of 1.13 g/mL). After mixing the sediment with Ludox-suspension and subsequent centrifugation, nematodes are found in the supernatant. After three extraction steps, the combined supernatant is analyzed. The added Ludox TM50 suspension has no impact on the test results, as it is added after the test has been terminated. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 other: g/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 5 other: g/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 other: g/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Details on results:
- For nematode growth, first significant inhibitory effects occurred at 10 g kg-1 dry sediment (6 g kg-1 wet sediment) (p < 0.05; one-way ANOVA; post-hoc Dunnett). Thus, for growth a LOEC and NOEC of 10 and 5 g kg-1 dry sediment (6 and 3 g kg-1 wet sediment) could be identified, respectively. Reproduction was not affected up to the highest tested concentration of 10 g kg-1 dry sediment. Therefore, for reproduction a LOEC could not be identified.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- no reference substance used
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- one-way ANOVA (post-hoc test: Dunnett’s test), descriptive statistics
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- A decrease in body length was found at 10 g/kg sediment (dw); no effect was found on reproduction up to the highest tested concentration of 10 g/kg sediment (dw). Therefore a nominal NOEC of 5 g/kg sediment (dw) was derived from this study.
- Executive summary:
During the study artificial sediment (with particle size distribution of 41% sand (> 63 µm), 54.5% silt (2-63µm), 4.5% clay (<2µm) and 2.1% total organic content was spiked with the test substance in various concentrations (nominal concentration range between 0.5 and 10 g/kg sediment dry weight (dw)). For spiking of sediment the test substance was directly added to sediment. In order to allow the test substance to equally distribute between aqueous and solid phase, the spiked sediment was incubated for 24 h before the start of the test.
Test parameters were growth (body length in µm), and reproduction (number of offspring divided by number of introduced test organisms). Before the start of the assay, 0.5 mL of bacterial suspension (E. coli in M9 medium) were added to each vessel as food for the nematodes. After that 10 juvenile worms of the first stage (J1) were added to each vessel, containing now 0.5 g sediment (ww), 0.5 mL test solution and 0.5 mL bacterial suspension. The vessels were then incubated for 96 h. Six replicates per treatment group were set up for the test. In order to stop the assay, the nematodes were heat killed and stained with Rose Bengal. After extracting the nematodes from the sediment, body length and number of offspring were determined. A decrease in body length was found at 10 g/kg sediment (dw); no effect was found on reproduction up to the highest tested concentration of 10 g/kg sediment (dw). Therefore a nominal NOEC of 5 g/kg sediment (dw) was derived from this study.
- Endpoint:
- sediment toxicity: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 24 November 2018 to 11 December 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ISO standard 10872
- Version / remarks:
- 2010 / Water quality -- Determination of the toxic effect of sediment and soil samples on growth, fertility and reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematoda)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- Testing house has longterm experience with the nematode test and participated in ring tests within the standardization process of ISO 10872
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- particle size 15µm; "primary particle" size 7nm, specific surface area 250m2/g, water solubility 110mg/L
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- 6 replicates/treatment group; 12 replicates in the control group;
10 test organisms/replicate - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on sediment and application:
- PREPARATION OF SPIKED SEDIMENT
- Artifical sediment according to ISO standard was used (41% sand (> 63 µm), 54.5% silt (2-63µm), 4.5% clay (<2µm) and 2.1% total organic content);
- The artifical sediment was spiked with the test substance in various concentrations (nominal concentration range between 0.5 and 10 g/kg sediment dry weight (dw)). The test substance was directly added to sediment.
- Equilibration time: 24 hours
- Equilibration conditions: 6 °C
- Controls: sediment, non-spiked - Test organisms (species):
- nematodes
- Details on test organisms:
- Caenorhabditis elegans, strain N2; genotype: C. elegans wild type, DR subclone of CB original (Tc1 pattern);
Source: Caenorhabditis Genetic Centre; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA;
first juvenile stage (J1) at start of the test (initial body length: Test 1: 315 (± 34) µm; Test 2: 332 (± 52) µm)
Cultivation of test organisms: according to ISO 10872 - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Test type:
- static
- Type of sediment:
- artificial sediment
- Limit test:
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Test temperature:
- 19.8 – 20.3 °C
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0 (control), 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10g/kg dry sediment (nominal), corresponding to 0, 0.06, 0.3, 0.6, 3 and 6 g/kg wet weight (nominal)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container: 12-well multidishes
- Sediment volume: 0 .300 (± 0.003) g of the dry spiked sediment or the controls were weighed into each test well
- Weight of wet sediment with and without water: 0.2 ml M9-medium (ISO 10872; 6 g Na2HPO4/L, 3 g KH2PO4/L, 5 g NaCl, 0.25 g MgSO4 7H2O/L) were added to 0.3 g dry sediment to moisten the sediment and to achieve a sediment wet weight of 0.5g and a water content of 40%
EXPOSURE REGIME
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 6
- No. of replicates per control / vehicle control: 12
- Feeding: Immediately before the start of the test, 0.5 mL of bacterial suspension (Escherichia coli OP50 n M9-medium; cell density: 12,000 ± 600 FAU; according to ISO 10872) were added to the 0.5 g wet sediment and thoroughly mixed with a spatula, achieving 1 g of wet sediment with 0.300 (± 0.003) g dry weight.)
After 96 hours, all wells were stained with Bengal rose and heat treated at 80 °C for 10 minutes; afterwards stored at 8 °C (in accordance with ISO 10872)
EXTRACTION OF NEMATODES FROM TESTED SEDIMENTS
After termination of the test, test organisms and offspring are separated from the sediment by a flotation technique using Ludox TM50 (50 wt % suspension in water; Sigma-Aldrich; Batch: 07826PH; adjusted with water to a density of 1.13 g/mL). After mixing the sediment with Ludox-suspension and subsequent centrifugation, nematodes are found in the supernatant. After three extraction steps, the combined supernatant is analyzed. The added Ludox TM50 suspension has no impact on the test results, as it is added after the test has been terminated. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 5 other: g/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 other: g/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 other: g/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 5 other: g/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 8.5 other: g/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 5.4 other: g/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Details on results:
- Significant effects on nematode growth occurred at 5 g/kg dry sediment (p < 0.05; one-way ANOVA; post-hoc Dunnett test; LOEC). The NOEC was at 1 g/kg dry sediment. Inhiibitory effects on reproduction were found at 10 g/kg dry sediment (p<0.05; one-way ANOVA; posthoc Games-Howell: LOEC). The NOEC was at 5 g/kg dry sediment.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- no reference substance used
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- one-way ANOVA (post-hoc test: Dunnett’s test), descriptive statistics
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- A decrease in body length was found at 5 g/kg sediment (dw); an effect on reproduction was found at 10 g/kg sediment (dw). A NOEC of 1 g/kg sediment (dw) was derived from this study.
- Executive summary:
During the study artificial sediment (with particle size distribution of 41% sand (> 63 µm), 54.5% silt (2-63µm), 4.5% clay (<2µm) and 2.1% total organic content was spiked with the test substance in various concentrations (nominal concentration range between 0.5 and 10 g/kg sediment dry weight (dw)). For spiking of sediment the test substance was directly added to sediment. In order to allow the test substance to equally distribute between aqueous and solid phase, the spiked sediment was incubated for 24 h before the start of the test.
Test parameters were growth (body length in µm), and reproduction (number of offspring divided by number of introduced test organisms). Before the start of the assay, 0.5 mL of bacterial suspension (E. coli in M9 medium) were added to each vessel as food for the nematodes. After that 10 juvenile worms of the first stage (J1) were added to each vessel, containing now 0.5 g sediment (ww), 0.5 mL test solution and 0.5 mL bacterial suspension. The vessels were then incubated for 96 h. Six replicates per treatment group were set up for the test. In order to stop the assay, the nematodes were heat killed and stained with Rose Bengal. After extracting the nematodes from the sediment, body length and number of offspring were determined. A decrease in body length was found at 5 g/kg sediment (dw); an effect on reproduction was found at 10 g/kg sediment (dw). A NOEC of 1 g/kg sediment (dw) was derived from this study.
- Endpoint:
- sediment toxicity: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 24 November 2018 to 11 December 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ISO standard 10872
- Version / remarks:
- 2010 / Water quality -- Determination of the toxic effect of sediment and soil samples on growth, fertility and reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematoda)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- Testing house has longterm experience with the nematode test and participated in ring tests within the standardization process of ISO 10872
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- particle size 15µm; "primary particle" size 7nm, specific surface area 250m2/g, water solubility 110mg/L
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- 6 replicates/treatment group; 12 replicates in the control group;
10 test organisms/replicate - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on sediment and application:
- PREPARATION OF SPIKED SEDIMENT
- Artifical sediment according to ISO standard was used (41% sand (> 63 µm), 54.5% silt (2-63µm), 4.5% clay (<2µm) and 2.1% total organic content);
- Details of spiking: artifical sediment was spiked with the test substance in various concentrations (nominal concentration range between 0.5 and 10 g/kg sediment dry weight (dw)). The test substance was directly added to sediment.
- Equilibration time: 24 hours
- Equilibration conditions: 6 °C
- Controls: sediment, non-spiked - Test organisms (species):
- nematodes
- Details on test organisms:
- Caenorhabditis elegans, strain N2; genotype: C. elegans wild type, DR subclone of CB original (Tc1 pattern);
Source: Caenorhabditis Genetic Centre; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA;
first juvenile stage (J1) at start of the test (initial body length: Test 1: 315 (± 34) µm; Test 2: 332 (± 52) µm)
Cultivation of test organisms: according to ISO 10872 - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Test type:
- static
- Type of sediment:
- artificial sediment
- Limit test:
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Test temperature:
- 19.8 – 20.3 °C
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0 (control), 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10g/kg dry sediment (nominal), corresponding to 0, 0.06, 0.3, 0.6, 3 and 6 g/kg wet weight (nominal)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container: 12-well multidishes
- Sediment volume: 0 .300 (± 0.003) g of the dry spiked sediment or the controls were weighed into each test well
- Weight of wet sediment with and without water: 0.2 ml M9-medium (ISO 10872; 6 g Na2HPO4/L, 3 g KH2PO4/L, 5 g NaCl, 0.25 g MgSO4 7H2O/L) were added to 0.3 g dry sediment to moisten the sediment and to achieve a sediment wet weight of 0.5g and a water content of 40%
EXPOSURE REGIME
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 6
- No. of replicates per control / vehicle control: 12
- Feeding: Immediately before the start of the test, 0.5 mL of bacterial suspension (Escherichia coli OP50 n M9-medium; cell density: 12,000 ± 600 FAU; according to ISO 10872) were added to the 0.5 g wet sediment and thoroughly mixed with a spatula, achieving 1 g of wet sediment with 0.300 (± 0.003) g dry weight.)
After 96 hours, all wells were stained with Bengal rose and heat treated at 80 °C for 10 minutes; afterwards stored at 8 °C (in accordance with ISO 10872)
EXTRACTION OF NEMATODES FROM TESTED SEDIMENTS
After termination of the test, test organisms and offspring are separated from the sediment by a flotation technique using Ludox TM50 (50 wt % suspension in water; Sigma-Aldrich; Batch: 07826PH; adjusted with water to a density of 1.13 g/mL). After mixing the sediment with Ludox-suspension and subsequent centrifugation, nematodes are found in the supernatant. After three extraction steps, the combined supernatant is analyzed. The added Ludox TM50 suspension has no impact on the test results, as it is added after the test has been terminated. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 5 other: g/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1 other: g/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 other: g/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 5 other: g/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 8.5 other: g/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 5.4 other: g/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Details on results:
- Significant effects on nematode growth occurred at 5 g/kg dry sediment (p < 0.05; one-way ANOVA; post-hoc Dunnett test; LOEC). The NOEC was at 1 g/kg dry sediment. Inhiibitory effects on reproduction were found at 10 g/kg dry sediment (p<0.05; one-way ANOVA; posthoc Games-Howell: LOEC). The NOEC was at 5 g/kg dry sediment.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- no reference substance used
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- one-way ANOVA (post-hoc test: Dunnett’s test), descriptive statistics
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- A decrease in body length was found at 5 g/kg sediment (dw); an effect on reproduction was found at 10 g/kg sediment (dw). A NOEC of 1 g/kg sediment (dw) was derived from this study.
- Executive summary:
During the study artificial sediment (with particle size distribution of 41% sand (> 63 µm), 54.5% silt (2-63µm), 4.5% clay (<2µm) and 2.1% total organic content was spiked with the test substance in various concentrations (nominal concentration range between 0.5 and 10 g/kg sediment dry weight (dw)). For spiking of sediment the test substance was directly added to sediment. In order to allow the test substance to equally distribute between aqueous and solid phase, the spiked sediment was incubated for 24 h before the start of the test.
Test parameters were growth (body length in µm), and reproduction (number of offspring divided by number of introduced test organisms). Before the start of the assay, 0.5 mL of bacterial suspension (E. coli in M9 medium) were added to each vessel as food for the nematodes. After that 10 juvenile worms of the first stage (J1) were added to each vessel, containing now 0.5 g sediment (ww), 0.5 mL test solution and 0.5 mL bacterial suspension. The vessels were then incubated for 96 h. Six replicates per treatment group were set up for the test. In order to stop the assay, the nematodes were heat killed and stained with Rose Bengal. After extracting the nematodes from the sediment, body length and number of offspring were determined. A decrease in body length was found at 5 g/kg sediment (dw); an effect on reproduction was found at 10 g/kg sediment (dw). A NOEC of 1 g/kg sediment (dw) was derived from this study.
- Endpoint:
- sediment toxicity: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 09 September 2018 to December 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ISO standard 10872
- Version / remarks:
- 2010 / Water quality -- Determination of the toxic effect of sediment and soil samples on growth, fertility and reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematoda)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- Testing house has longterm experience with the nematode test and participated in ring tests within the standardization process of ISO 10872
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- remains in suspension as monodisperse particle, particle size 7nm, specific surface area 130-180m2/g, water solubility 122mg/L
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- 6 replicates/treatment group; 12 replicates in the control group;
10 test organisms/replicate - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on sediment and application:
- PREPARATION OF SPIKED SEDIMENT
- Artifical sediment according to ISO standard was used (41% sand (> 63 µm), 54.5% silt (2-63µm), 4.5% clay (<2µm) and 2.1% total organic content);
- Details of spiking: artifical sediment was spiked with the test substance in various concentrations (nominal concentration range between 0.5 and 10 g/kg sediment dry weight (dw)). The test substance was directly added to sediment.
- Equilibration time: 24 hours
- Equilibration conditions: 6 °C
- Controls: sediment, non-spiked - Test organisms (species):
- nematodes
- Details on test organisms:
- Caenorhabditis elegans, strain N2; genotype: C. elegans wild type, DR subclone of CB original (Tc1 pattern);
Source: Caenorhabditis Genetic Centre; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA;
first juvenile stage (J1) at start of the test (initial body length: Test 1: 315 (± 34) µm; Test 2: 332 (± 52) µm)
Cultivation of test organisms: according to ISO 10872 - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Test type:
- static
- Type of sediment:
- artificial sediment
- Limit test:
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Test temperature:
- 19.9 – 20.4 °C
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0 (control), 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10g/kg dry sediment (nominal), corresponding to 0, 0.06, 0.3, 0.6, 3 and 6 g/kg wet weight (nominal)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container: 12-well multidishes
- Sediment volume: 0 .300 (± 0.003) g of the dry spiked sediment or the controls were weighed into each test well
- Weight of wet sediment with and without water: 0.2 ml M9-medium (ISO 10872; 6 g Na2HPO4/L, 3 g KH2PO4/L, 5 g NaCl, 0.25 g MgSO4 7H2O/L) were added to 0.3 g dry sediment to moisten the sediment and to achieve a sediment wet weight of 0.5g and a water content of 40%
EXPOSURE REGIME
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 6
- No. of replicates per control / vehicle control: 12
- Feeding: Immediately before the start of the test, 0.5 mL of bacterial suspension (Escherichia coli OP50 n M9-medium; cell density: 12,000 ± 600 FAU; according to ISO 10872) were added to the 0.5 g wet sediment and thoroughly mixed with a spatula, achieving 1 g of wet sediment with 0.300 (± 0.003) g dry weight.)
After 96 hours, all wells were stained with Bengal rose and heat treated at 80 °C for 10 minutes; afterwards stored at 8 °C (in accordance with ISO 10872)
EXTRACTION OF NEMATODES FROM TESTED SEDIMENTS
After termination of the test, test organisms and offspring are separated from the sediment by a flotation technique using Ludox TM50 (50 wt % suspension in water; Sigma-Aldrich; Batch: 07826PH; adjusted with water to a density of 1.13 g/mL). After mixing the sediment with Ludox-suspension and subsequent centrifugation, nematodes are found in the supernatant. After three extraction steps, the combined supernatant is analyzed. The added Ludox TM50 suspension has no impact on the test results, as it is added after the test has been terminated. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 other: g/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 5 other: g/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 other: g/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- Significant effects on nematode reproduction occurred at 10 g/kg dry sediment (p < 0.05; one-way ANOVA; post-hoc Dunnett test; LOEC). The NOEC was at 5 g/kg dry sediment. No effects were noted on growth.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- no reference substance used
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- one-way ANOVA (post-hoc test: Dunnett’s test), descriptive statistics
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- A decrease in reproduction was found at 10 g/kg sediment (dw); no effect were found on growth.
- Executive summary:
During the study artificial sediment (with particle size distribution of 41% sand (> 63 µm), 54.5% silt (2-63µm), 4.5% clay (<2µm) and 2.1% total organic content was spiked with the test substance in various concentrations (nominal concentration range between 0.5 and 10 g/kg sediment dry weight (dw)). For spiking of sediment the test substance was directly added to sediment. In order to allow the test substance to equally distribute between aqueous and solid phase, the spiked sediment was incubated for 24 h before the start of the test.
Test parameters were growth (body length in µm), and reproduction (number of offspring divided by number of introduced test organisms). Before the start of the assay, 0.5 mL of bacterial suspension (E. coli in M9 medium) were added to each vessel as food for the nematodes. After that 10 juvenile worms of the first stage (J1) were added to each vessel, containing now 0.5 g sediment (ww), 0.5 mL test solution and 0.5 mL bacterial suspension. The vessels were then incubated for 96 h. Six replicates per treatment group were set up for the test. In order to stop the assay, the nematodes were heat killed and stained with Rose Bengal. After extracting the nematodes from the sediment, body length and number of offspring were determined. A decrease in reproduction was found at 10 g/kg sediment (dw); an effect on growth was not found. A NOEC of 5 g/kg sediment (dw) was derived from this study.
- Endpoint:
- sediment toxicity: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 09 September 2018 to December 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ISO standard 10872
- Version / remarks:
- 2010 / Water quality -- Determination of the toxic effect of sediment and soil samples on growth, fertility and reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematoda)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- Testing house has longterm experience with the nematode test and participated in ring tests within the standardization process of ISO 10872
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- precipitated silica, particle size 6.3-7.2 µm, "primary particle" size <20 nm, surface area 752m2/g, water solubility 133 mg/L
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- 6 replicates/treatment group;
10 test organisms/replicate - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on sediment and application:
- PREPARATION OF SPIKED SEDIMENT
- Artifical sediment according to ISO standard was used (41% sand (> 63 µm), 54.5% silt (2-63µm), 4.5% clay (<2µm) and 2.1% total organic content);
- Details of spiking: artifical sediment was spiked with the test substance in various concentrations (nominal concentration range between 0.5 and 10 g/kg sediment dry weight (dw)). The test substance was directly added to sediment.
- Equilibration time: 24 hours
- Equilibration conditions: 6 °C
- Controls: sediment, non-spiked
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): none used - Test organisms (species):
- nematodes
- Details on test organisms:
- Caenorhabditis elegans, strain N2; genotype: C. elegans wild type, DR subclone of CB original (Tc1 pattern);
Source: Caenorhabditis Genetic Centre; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA;
first juvenile stage (J1) at start of the test (initial body length: Test 1: 315 (± 34) µm; Test 2: 332 (± 52) µm)
Cultivation of test organisms: according to ISO 10872 - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Test type:
- static
- Type of sediment:
- artificial sediment
- Limit test:
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Test temperature:
- 19.9-20.4°C
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0 (control), 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10g/kg dry sediment (nominal), corresponding to 0, 0.06, 0.3, 0.6, 3 and 6 g/kg wet weight (nominal)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container: 12-well multidishes
- Sediment volume: 0.300 (± 0.003) g of the dry spiked sediment or the controls were weighed into each test well
- Weight of wet sediment with and without water: 0.2 ml M9-medium (ISO 10872; 6 g Na2HPO4/L, 3 g KH2PO4/L, 5 g NaCl, 0.25 g MgSO4 7H2O/L) were added to 0.3 g dry sediment to moisten the sediment and to achieve a sediment wet weight of 0.5g and a water content of 40%
EXPOSURE REGIME
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 6
- No. of replicates per control / vehicle control: 6
- Feeding: Immediately before the start of the test, 0.5 mL of bacterial suspension (Escherichia coli OP50 n M9-medium; cell density: 12,000 ± 600 FAU; according to ISO 10872) were added to the 0.5 g wet sediment and thoroughly mixed with a spatula, achieving 1 g of wet sediment with 0.300 (± 0.003) g dry weight.)
After 96 hours, all wells were stained with Bengal rose and heat treated at 80 °C for 10 minutes; afterwards stored at 8 °C (in accordance with ISO 10872)
EXTRACTION OF NEMATODES FROM TESTED SEDIMENTS
After termination of the test, test organisms and offspring are separated from the sediment by a flotation technique using Ludox TM50 (50 wt % suspension in water; Sigma-Aldrich; Batch: 07826PH; adjusted with water to a density of 1.13 g/mL). After mixing the sediment with Ludox-suspension and subsequent centrifugation, nematodes are found in the supernatant. After three extraction steps, the combined supernatant is analyzed. The added Ludox TM50 suspension has no impact on the test results, as it is added after the test has been terminated. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 other: g/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 5 other: g/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- For nematode growth, first significant inhibitory effects occurred at 10 g kg-1 dry sediment (6 g kg-1 wet sediment) (p < 0.05; one-way ANOVA; post-hoc Dunnett). Thus, for growth a LOEC and NOEC of 10 and 5 g kg-1 dry sediment (6 and 3 g kg-1 wet sediment) could be identified, respectively. Reproduction was not affected up to the highest tested concentration of 10 g kg-1 dry sediment. Therefore, for reproduction a LOEC could not be identified.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- no reference substance used
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- one-way ANOVA (post-hoc test: Dunnett’s test), descriptive statistics
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- A decrease in body length was found at 10 g/kg sediment (dw); no effect was found on reproduction up to and at the highest tested concentration of 10 g/kg sediment (dw). A NOEC of 5 g/kg sediment (dw) was derived from this study.
- Executive summary:
During the study artificial sediment (with particle size distribution of 41% sand (> 63 µm), 54.5% silt (2-63µm), 4.5% clay (<2µm) and 2.1% total organic content was spiked with the test substance in various concentrations (nominal concentration range between 0.5 and 10 g/kg sediment dry weight (dw)). For spiking of sediment the test substance was directly added to sediment. In order to allow the test substance to equally distribute between aqueous and solid phase, the spiked sediment was incubated for 24 h before the start of the test.
Test parameters were growth (body length in µm), and reproduction (number of offspring divided by number of introduced test organisms). Before the start of the assay, 0.5 mL of bacterial suspension (E. coli in M9 medium) were added to each vessel as food for the nematodes. After that 10 juvenile worms of the first stage (J1) were added to each vessel, containing now 0.5 g sediment (ww), 0.5 mL test solution and 0.5 mL bacterial suspension. The vessels were then incubated for 96 h. Six replicates per treatment group were set up for the test. In order to stop the assay, the nematodes were heat killed and stained with Rose Bengal. After extracting the nematodes from the sediment, body length and number of offspring were determined. A decrease in body length was found at 10 g/kg sediment (dw); no effect was found on reproduction up to the highest tested concentration of 10 g/kg sediment (dw). Therefore a NOEC of 5 g/kg sediment (dw) was derived from this study.
- Endpoint:
- sediment toxicity: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 09 September 2018 to December 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ISO standard 10872
- Version / remarks:
- 2010 / Water quality -- Determination of the toxic effect of sediment and soil samples on growth, fertility and reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematoda)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- Testing house has longterm experience with the nematode test and participated in ring tests within the standardization process of ISO 10872
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- 6 replicates/treatment group; 12 replicates in the control group;
10 test organisms/replicate - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on sediment and application:
- PREPARATION OF SPIKED SEDIMENT
- Artifical sediment according to ISO standard was used (41% sand (> 63 µm), 54.5% silt (2-63µm), 4.5% clay (<2µm) and 2.1% total organic content);
- Details of spiking: artifical sediment was spiked with the test substance in various concentrations (nominal concentration range between 0.5 and 10 g/kg sediment dry weight (dw)). The test substance was directly added to sediment.
- Equilibration time: 24 hours
- Equilibration conditions: 6 °C
- Controls: sediment, non-spiked - Test organisms (species):
- nematodes
- Details on test organisms:
- Caenorhabditis elegans, strain N2; genotype: C. elegans wild type, DR subclone of CB original (Tc1 pattern);
Source: Caenorhabditis Genetic Centre; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA;
first juvenile stage (J1) at start of the test (initial body length: Test 1: 315 (± 34) µm; Test 2: 332 (± 52) µm)
Cultivation of test organisms: according to ISO 10872 - Study type:
- laboratory study
- Test type:
- static
- Type of sediment:
- artificial sediment
- Limit test:
- no
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Test temperature:
- 19.9 – 20.4 °C
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 0 (control), 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10g/kg dry sediment (nominal), corresponding to 0, 0.06, 0.3, 0.6, 3 and 6 g/kg wet weight (nominal)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test container: 12-well multidishes
- Sediment volume: 0 .300 (± 0.003) g of the dry spiked sediment or the controls were weighed into each test well
- Weight of wet sediment with and without water: 0.2 ml M9-medium (ISO 10872; 6 g Na2HPO4/L, 3 g KH2PO4/L, 5 g NaCl, 0.25 g MgSO4 7H2O/L) were added to 0.3 g dry sediment to moisten the sediment and to achieve a sediment wet weight of 0.5g and a water content of 40%
EXPOSURE REGIME
- No. of organisms per container (treatment): 10
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 6
- No. of replicates per control / vehicle control: 12
- Feeding: Immediately before the start of the test, 0.5 mL of bacterial suspension (Escherichia coli OP50 n M9-medium; cell density: 12,000 ± 600 FAU; according to ISO 10872) were added to the 0.5 g wet sediment and thoroughly mixed with a spatula, achieving 1 g of wet sediment with 0.300 (± 0.003) g dry weight.)
After 96 hours, all wells were stained with Bengal rose and heat treated at 80 °C for 10 minutes; afterwards stored at 8 °C (in accordance with ISO 10872)
EXTRACTION OF NEMATODES FROM TESTED SEDIMENTS
After termination of the test, test organisms and offspring are separated from the sediment by a flotation technique using Ludox TM50 (50 wt % suspension in water; Sigma-Aldrich; Batch: 07826PH; adjusted with water to a density of 1.13 g/mL). After mixing the sediment with Ludox-suspension and subsequent centrifugation, nematodes are found in the supernatant. After three extraction steps, the combined supernatant is analyzed. The added Ludox TM50 suspension has no impact on the test results, as it is added after the test has been terminated. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 other: g/kg sediment dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 5 other: g/kg dry sediment
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Details on results:
- No significant effects on nematode growth or reproduction occurred up to and at 10 g/kg dry sediment.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- no reference substance used
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- one-way ANOVA (post-hoc test: Dunnett’s test), descriptive statistics
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- A decrease in reproduction was found at 10 g/kg sediment (dw); no effect were found on growth.
- Executive summary:
During the study artificial sediment (with particle size distribution of 41% sand (> 63 µm), 54.5% silt (2-63µm), 4.5% clay (<2µm) and 2.1% total organic content was spiked with the test substance in various concentrations (nominal concentration range between 0.5 and 10 g/kg sediment dry weight (dw)). For spiking of sediment the test substance was directly added to sediment. In order to allow the test substance to equally distribute between aqueous and solid phase, the spiked sediment was incubated for 24 h before the start of the test.
Test parameters were growth (body length in µm), and reproduction (number of offspring divided by number of introduced test organisms). Before the start of the assay, 0.5 mL of bacterial suspension (E. coli in M9 medium) were added to each vessel as food for the nematodes. After that 10 juvenile worms of the first stage (J1) were added to each vessel, containing now 0.5 g sediment (ww), 0.5 mL test solution and 0.5 mL bacterial suspension. The vessels were then incubated for 96 h. Six replicates per treatment group were set up for the test. In order to stop the assay, the nematodes were heat killed and stained with Rose Bengal. After extracting the nematodes from the sediment, body length and number of offspring were determined. No effects of treatment with the test substance were found up to and at 10 g/kg dry sediment (NOEC).
- Endpoint:
- sediment toxicity: short-term
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
Referenceopen allclose all
Table: Validity criteria in controls; x = fulfilled
Validity Criteria |
Test 1 |
Test 2 |
% Recovery in Controls (80 ≤ x ≤ 120%) |
91.7 (x) |
90.0 (x) |
% Males in Controls (≤ 10%) |
0.0 (x) |
0.0 (x) |
% Fertility in Controls (≥ 80%) |
99.1 (x) |
100.0 (x) |
Reproduction in Controls (≥ 30 offspring / test organisms) |
119 (x) |
124 (x) |
Table: Validity criteria in controls; x = fulfilled
Validity Criteria |
Test |
|
% Recovery in Controls (80 ≤ x ≤ 120%) |
91.7 (x) |
|
% Males in Controls (≤ 10%) |
0.0 (x) |
|
% Fertility in Controls (≥ 80%) |
100 (x) |
|
Reproduction in Controls (≥ 30 offspring / test organisms) |
136 (x) |
Table: Validity criteria in controls; x = fulfilled
Validity Criteria |
Test |
|
% Recovery in Controls (80 ≤ x ≤ 120%) |
91.7 (x) |
|
% Males in Controls (≤ 10%) |
0.0 (x) |
|
% Fertility in Controls (≥ 80%) |
100 (x) |
|
Reproduction in Controls (≥ 30 offspring / test organisms) |
136 (x) |
Table:Validity criteria in controls; x = fulfilled
Validity Criteria |
Test 1 |
Test 2 |
% Recovery in Controls (80 ≤ x ≤ 120%) |
91.7 (x) |
90.0 (x) |
% Males in Controls (≤ 10%) |
0.0 (x) |
0.0 (x) |
% Fertility in Controls (≥ 80%) |
99.1 (x) |
100.0 (x) |
Reproduction in Controls (≥ 30 offspring / test organisms) |
119 (x) |
124 (x) |
Table: Validity criteria in controls; x = fulfilled
Validity Criteria |
Test 1 |
Test 2 |
% Recovery in Controls (80 ≤ x ≤ 120%) |
91.7 (x) |
90.0 (x) |
% Males in Controls (≤ 10%) |
0.0 (x) |
0.0 (x) |
% Fertility in Controls (≥ 80%) |
99.1 (x) |
100.0 (x) |
Reproduction in Controls (≥ 30 offspring / test organisms) |
119 (x) |
124 (x) |
Table:Validity criteria in controls; x = fulfilled
Validity Criteria |
Test 1 |
Test 2 |
% Recovery in Controls (80 ≤ x ≤ 120%) |
91.7 (x) |
90.0 (x) |
% Males in Controls (≤ 10%) |
0.0 (x) |
0.0 (x) |
% Fertility in Controls (≥ 80%) |
99.1 (x) |
100.0 (x) |
Reproduction in Controls (≥ 30 offspring / test organisms) |
119 (x) |
124 (x) |
Description of key information
Due to the ubiquitous presence of silicon dioxide in the environment, harmful effects of synthetic amorphous silicas (SAS) on the benthic community are not to be expected. This is supported by the lack of long-term effects on growth and reproduction of nematodes with NOECs between 1 and 10 g/kg sediment (dw) for different types of SAS (pyrogenic, precipitated, gel, colloidal). Only at extremely high doses, exceeding guideline limit doses, were decreases in growth found (at 5-10 g/kg sediment (dw) with precipitated SAS, and at 10 g/kg sediment (dw) with pyrogenic SAS). A decrease in reproduction was found at 10 g/kg sediment (dw) for precipitated SAS and colloidal silica (40% suspension). No effects on growth or reproduction were found with silica gel at the highest tested dose of 10 g/kg sediment (dw). Therefore, an overall NOEC of 1 g/kg sediment (dw) can be derived from these studies.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC10, LC10 or NOEC for freshwater sediment:
- 1 000 mg/kg sediment dw
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.