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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 236-068-5 | CAS number: 13138-45-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Additional toxicological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- additional toxicological information
- Type of information:
- other: K3/K4 Studies
- Adequacy of study:
- disregarded due to major methodological deficiencies
- Reliability:
- other: K3/K4
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Though K3/K4 studies were evaluated and scored for reliability, robust summaries and unique IUCLID endpoint study records were not developed for such. Rather, a summary table of K3 and K4 studies evaluated and scored for this endpoint is provided in the field, "Any other information on results and tables" for informational purposes.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Th2 immune response plays a critical role in the development of nickel-induced allergic contact dermatitis
- Author:
- Niiyama S, Tamauchi H, Amoh Y, Terashima M, Matsumura Y, Kanoh M, Habu S, Komotori J, Katsuoka K.
- Year:
- 2 010
- Bibliographic source:
- Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 153(3):303-14.
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- New views on the hypothesis of respiratory cancer risk from soluble nickel exposure; and reconsideration of this risk's historical sources in nickel refineries
- Author:
- Heller JG, Thornhill PG, and Conard BR.
- Year:
- 2 009
- Bibliographic source:
- J Occ Med Toxicol 4:23.
Materials and methods
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- nickel nitrate
- IUPAC Name:
- nickel nitrate
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Nickel nitrate (Niiyama et al. 2010), soluble nickel (Heller et al. 2009)
- Molecular formula (if other than submission substance): Ni(NO3)2 (Niiyama et al. 2010)
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
Data Source | Study Design and Findings | Reliability |
Niiyama S, Tamauchi H, Amoh Y, Terashima M, Matsumura Y, Kanoh M, Habu S, Komotori J, Katsuoka K. Th2 immune response plays a critical role in the development of nickel-induced allergic contact dermatitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2010 153(3):303-14. | The authors investigated the involvement of Th2 cytokines in Ni-induce contact hypersensitivity reaction using GATA-3 transgenic (Tg) mice. A nickel-titanium alloy was used as the sensitizing agent and a Ni(NO3)2 solution was used to challenge one month later. Serum IgE levels and skin tissue levels of IL-4 were elevated in Ni-Ti-sensitized GATA-3 Tg mice. The results suggested that Th2-type immune reactions might play an important role in Ni-induced contact hypersensitivity reactions. | K4: Mechanistic important for evaluation but not a direct measure of toxicity. |
Heller JG, Thornhill PG, and Conard BR. 2009. New views on the hypothesis of respiratory cancer risk from soluble nickel exposure; and reconsideration of this risk's historical sources in nickel refineries. J Occ Med Toxicol 4:23. | The authors reviewed the published, file and archival evidence covering the pertinent epidemiology, biostatistics, confounding factors, toxicology, industrial hygiene and exposure factors, and other exposures to evaluate the soluble nickel carcinogenicity hypothesis, and the likely contribution of a competing workplace carcinogen (arsenic) on sulphidic and oxidic nickel risk estimates. Based on a failure to accurately identify the source(s) of observed lung cancer risk in at least one nickel refinery, together with the negative long-term animal inhalation studies on soluble nickel and other toxicological evidence, the authors concluded that the designation of soluble nickel as carcinogenic should be reconsidered, and that the true causes of historical lung cancer risk at certain nickel refineries lie in other exposures, including insoluble nickel compounds, arsenic, sulphuric acid mists and smoking. | K4: Secondary literature source (review); mechanistic, risk assessment, or other endpoint important for evaluation but not a direct measure of toxicity. |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
Study rated by an independent reviewer.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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