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EC number: 283-482-7 | CAS number: 84650-02-2 A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by the distillation of coal tar. It consists of hydrocarbons having carbon numbers primarily in the range of C4 to C10 and distilling in the approximate range of 80°C to 160°C (175°F to 320°F).
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Skin sensitisation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin sensitisation: in vivo (non-LLNA)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, well-documented publication which meets basic scientific principles (limited reporting on individual test data)
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 986
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The objective of the study was the method development and evaluation of the mouse ear swelling test. After having identified the most suitable test conditions, the test method was evaluated using 72 substances already rated as sensitizers or non sensizisers, based on results of independent sensitisation tests.
Mice are induced with test substance by daily epicutaneous applications on the abdomen for 4 days. After a rest period of 7 days, the challenge dose is applied to the ear of mice. 24 and 48 h later, the ear thickness is determined. - GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of study:
- mouse ear swelling test
- Justification for non-LLNA method:
- In vivo skin sensitisation studies that were carried out or initiated before 10 May 2017, and that meet the requirements set out in Article 13(3), first subparagraph, and Article 13(4) shall be considered appropriate to address this standard information requirement.
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Benzene
- EC Number:
- 200-753-7
- EC Name:
- Benzene
- Cas Number:
- 71-43-2
- Molecular formula:
- C6H6
- IUPAC Name:
- benzene
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): benzene
- Analytical purity: ≥ 98%
Constituent 1
In vivo test system
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- CF-1
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Charles River breeding laboratories
- Age at study initiation: 6 to 8 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: no data
- Housing: 5 per cage in wire-bottom stainless-steel cages
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Purina Rodent Laboratory Chow 5001; ad libitum
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): water ad libitum
- Acclimation period: at least 5 days
Study design: in vivo (non-LLNA)
Induction
- Route:
- epicutaneous, open
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Concentration / amount:
- 100 µl
- Day(s)/duration:
- 10
Challenge
- No.:
- #1
- Route:
- epicutaneous, open
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Concentration / amount:
- 100 µl
- Day(s)/duration:
- day 10
- No. of animals per dose:
- 10 or 15
- Details on study design:
- RANGE FINDING TESTS: no data
MAIN STUDY
A. INDUCTION EXPOSURE
- No. of exposures: 4
- Exposure period: 10 days
- Test groups: 1 (10 or 15 animals)
- Control group: 1 (5 or 10 animals)
- Site: abdomen
- Frequency of applications: daily
- Duration: 4 days
- Concentrations: 100 µL pure test substance was topically applied to the center of the shaved area
B. CHALLENGE EXPOSURE
- No. of exposures: 1
- Day(s) of challenge: day 10 of experiment
- Exposure period: single exposure
- Test groups: 1
- Control group: 1
- Site: left ear
- Concentrations: 100 µL pure test substance
- Evaluation (hr after challenge): 24 and 48 h (measurement of ear thickness)
OTHER
- During induction, prior to topical application of test substance, the application site was tape stripped.
- On day 0 (first day of induction) before tape stripping and topical application of test substance, two intradermal injections
of Freund's complete adjuvans totalling 0.05 mL were applied to the center of the shaved abdominal induction site. - Challenge controls:
- The right ear of the test animals was used as control. It was treated the same way as the left (test) ear without applying test substance.
Results and discussion
In vivo (non-LLNA)
Results
- Reading:
- 1st reading
- Dose level:
- 100µL
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 15
Any other information on results incl. tables
Mouse ear swelling test
Based on ear thickness measurements, 0% of test animals was sensitised. Thickness of treated left ears was not increased compared to thickness of control right ears (100 % swelling; % ear swelling = test ear thickness / control ear thickness * 100). Benzene was demonstrated to be not sensitising in this mouse ear swelling test (no details on results are reported).
Guinea pig maximisation test
In the guinea pig maximisation test, 0% sensitised test animals were observed. Benzene was not sensitising in this test (no details on results are reported).
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- not sensitising
- Remarks:
- Migrated information
- Conclusions:
- Benzene was tested undiluted (no vehicle) for skin sensitisation in a mouse ear swelling test and in a guinea pig maximisation test. In both tests, no evidence was observed for a skin sensitising potential of benzene. Based on these test results, benzene is not skin sensitising.
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