heptan-2-yl [(5-chloroquinolin-8-yl)oxy]acetate

Repeated dose toxicity: oral

Administrative data

Endpoint:

chronic toxicity: oral

Remarks:

combined repeated dose and carcinogenicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

20 March 1989 to 08 April 1991

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

1992

Report date:

1992

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: OECD Guideline 451 (Carcinogenicity Studies)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: EPA OPP 83-5 (Combined Chronic Toxicity / Carcinogenicity)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 3

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Japan, 59 Nohsan No. 4200

Deviations:

no

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Not applicable

GLP compliance:

yes

Limit test:

no

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

heptan-2-yl [(5-chloroquinolin-8-yl)oxy]acetate

EC Number:

619-447-3

Cas Number:

99607-70-2

Molecular formula:

C18H22ClNO3

IUPAC Name:

heptan-2-yl [(5-chloroquinolin-8-yl)oxy]acetate

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): CGA185072 technical
- Analytical purity: 91.6%
- Physical state: solid
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature

Test animals

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: Tif: RAIf (SPF)

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source of animals: Ciba-Geigy Limited, Animal Production, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland.
- Age at study initiation: approximately 5 weeks
- Weight at week -1: 74.85-115.4 g (males), 76.33-107.4 g (females)
- Housing: 5 per sex in macrolon type 4 cages
- Diet: ad libitum
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 11 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature: 22±2°C
- Humidity: 55±10%
- Air changes: 16-20 per hr
- Photoperiod: 12 hrs dark / 12 hrs light

IN-LIFE DATES: From: 20 March 1989 To: 08 April 1991

Administration / exposure

Route of administration:

oral: feed

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on oral exposure:

DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency): every 4 weeks
- Mixing appropriate amounts with (Type of food): certified standard diet (Nafag No. 890 Tox)
- Storage temperature of food: room temperature

VEHICLE- Justification for use and choice of vehicle (if other than water): not applicable

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

yes

Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

Pretest analyses confirmed stability of the diet preparations at room temperature over 35 days. The analysis of the first batch showed that food mixes were homogeneous (-9% to +7% of mean value). The analytically determined concentrations generally ranged from 84.8 to 104.6% of the nominal concentrations. The mean concentrations were 94.2%, 95.6 %, 93.0% and 93.2% of the nominal values in groups 2 to 5, respectively. The analytical data thus indicated that the mixing procedure was adequate and that the variance between nominal and actual dosage was generally acceptable.

Duration of treatment / exposure:

Two years

Frequency of treatment:

Continuous in diet

Doses / concentrations

Doses / concentrations 1

Dose / conc.:

0 ppm

Remarks:

Negative control

Doses / concentrations 2

Dose / conc.:

10 ppm

Remarks:

nominal in diet

Doses / concentrations 3

Dose / conc.:

100 ppm

Remarks:

nominal in diet

Doses / concentrations 4

Dose / conc.:

1 000 ppm

Remarks:

nominal in diet

Doses / concentrations 5

Dose / conc.:

2 000 ppm

Remarks:

nominal in diet

No. of animals per sex per dose:

80 per sex per group; 50 animals per sex/group for carcinogenicity evaluation; 10 animals for clinical chemistry, haematology and urinalysis; 10 additional animals for haematology only; 10 animals for interim sacrifice after 12 months

Control animals:

yes, plain diet

Details on study design:

- Dose selection rationale: based on the results of previous acute and repeat dose studies

Examinations

Observations and examinations performed and frequency:

CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: twice daily for signs of toxicity and mortality

DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
- Time schedule: at least weekly

BODY WEIGHT: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: pretest and weekly during the first three months. Thereafter, the weight was recorded monthly

FOOD CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE (if feeding study):- Food consumption for each animal determined and mean diet consumption calculated as g food/kg body weight/week: Yes
- Compound intake calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: Yes
- Food consumption per cage were recorded pretest and weekly during the first three months. Thereafter, the weight was recorded monthly

FOOD EFFICIENCY:- Body weight gain in kg/food consumption in kg per unit time X 100 calculated as time-weighted averages from the consumption and body weight gain data: Yes

WATER CONSUMPTION AND COMPOUND INTAKE: Yes
- Time schedule for examinations: monthly

OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: Yes
- Time schedule/dose groups for examinations: eye examinations were conducted in control and high dose group animals pretest, after 26, 52, 78 weeks and at the end of the treatment period. Males and females from intermediate groups were examined prior to terminal sacrifice

HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: after 13, 26, 52, 78 and 105 weeks
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes (ether)
- Animals fasted: Yes
- How many animals: 20/sex/group
- Parameters examined: erythrocyte count, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, leucocyte count, differential leucocyte count, thrombocyte count, prothrombin time, red cell morphology

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of blood: after 13, 26, 52, 78 and 105 weeks
- Anaesthetic used for blood collection: Yes (ether)
- Animals fasted: Yes
- How many animals: 10/sex/group
- Parameters examined: glucose, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, globulins, A/G ratio, cholesterol, sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, inorganic phosphorus, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase

URINALYSIS: Yes
- Time schedule for collection of urine: pretest and after 13, 26, 52, 78 and 104 weeks
- Metabolism cages used for collection of urine: Yes -
Animals fasted: Yes (no access to food or water)
- Parameters examined: volume, colour, relative density, pH, protein, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, blood, urobilinogen, urine sediment

NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No

Sacrifice and pathology:

GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes (all animals)
- the following organs were weighed: brain, liver, kidneys, adrenals, gonads, spleen (after one year of treatment). At the end of the 2 year period, the thyroid and pituitary glands were also weighed

HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes (all animals)
- the following tissues were examined microscopically: skin, mammary area, spleen, mesenteric lymph node, axillary lymph node, sternum with bone marrow, femur with joint, skeletal muscle, trachea, lung, heart, aorta, submandibular salivary gland, liver, pancreas, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, kidneys, urinary bladder, prostate, seminal vesicle, testis, epididymis, uterus, ovary, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, thyroid with parathyroid gland, thymus, peripheral nerve, brain, spinal cord, eye with optic nerve, extraorbital lacrimal gland, any tissue with gross lesions

Other examinations:

At autopsy, fat samples were taken to investigate the accumulation of cloquintocet-mexyl after 12 and 24 months

Statistics:

Univariate standard methods were applied to the data. Each group was compared to controls by Lepage’s two sample test and tested for trends by Jonckheere’s test for ordered alternatives.

Results and discussion

Results of examinations

Clinical signs:

no effects observed

Mortality:

no mortality observed

Body weight and weight changes:

no effects observed

Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):

no effects observed

Food efficiency:

no effects observed

Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):

no effects observed

Ophthalmological findings:

no effects observed

Haematological findings:

no effects observed

Clinical biochemistry findings:

no effects observed

Urinalysis findings:

no effects observed

Behaviour (functional findings):

not examined

Immunological findings:

not examined

Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:

no effects observed

Gross pathological findings:

no effects observed

Neuropathological findings:

not examined

Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:

effects observed, treatment-related

Description (incidence and severity):

Histopathology did not reveal any inflammatory or degenerative changes which could be related to the test article. Lymphoid hyperplasia of the thymus was diagnosed in some males. The statistical trend analysis indicated a significant, treatment-related effect in the top dose group. There was no effect on thymic neoplastic lesions. Among the females, increased incidences of thyroid gland follicle hyperplasia were found. The changes were graded as slight in all cases with no dose-related trend in severity. Statistical analysis indicated a significant effect in the animals treated at 1000 ppm and above. Hyperplasia of the thyroid follicle epithelium is known to occur spontaneously in the rat strain used and the incidence in the 100 ppm dose group was comparable to the incidence usually found in control animals of this rat strain. In the absence of a dose relationship, the observation made in the 10 ppm group was considered to be an outlier and thus incidental. Furthermore there was no correlation between thyroid hyperplasia and proliferative lesions of the pituitary gland.

Histopathological findings: neoplastic:

no effects observed

Effect levels

1

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

100 ppm

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

female

Basis for effect level:

other: Hyperplastic changes in the thymus of males at 2000 ppm and of the thyroid gland (follicular epithelial hyperplasia) in females at 1000 and 2000 ppm

2

Key result

Dose descriptor:

NOAEL

Effect level:

4.33 mg/kg diet

Based on:

test mat.

Sex:

female

Basis for effect level:

histopathology: non-neoplastic

Target system / organ toxicity

Key result

Critical effects observed:

yes

Lowest effective dose / conc.:

1 000 ppm

System:

endocrine system

Organ:

thyroid gland

Treatment related:

yes

Dose response relationship:

yes

Relevant for humans:

yes

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table 2: Test compound consumption: The average test article intake based on nominal and actual dietary concentrations

Dose of test material	Test article intake (based on nominal concentrations)	Test article intake (based on actual concentrations)
10 ppm	m: 0.387 mg/kg f: 0.451 mg/kg	m: 0.365 mg/kg f: 0.425 mg/kg
100 ppm	m: 3.947 mg/kg f: 4.530 mg/kg	m: 3.773 mg/kg f: 4.331 mg/kg
1000 ppm	m: 39.10 mg/kg f: 44.35 mg/kg	m: 36.36 mg/kg f: 41.25 mg/kg
2000 ppm	m: 78.56 mg/kg f: 87.49 mg/kg	m: 73.40 mg/kg f: 81.54 mg/kg

Table 3: Histopathological findings in the chronic rat study with cloquintocet-mexyl

	0	10	100	1000	2000	Historic control values
Males
Thymus - Lymphoid hyperplasia - severity	0	0	1 1	2 1	5 2
- Lymphoma	0	2	0	1	0
Thyroid - hyperplasia follicular epithelium	2	6	7	5	3
Females
Thymus - Lymphoid hyperplasia	2	2	0	0	0
Thyroid - hyperplasia follicular epithelium - severity	0 0	8 1.4	5 1.6	10 1.5	11 1.4	0-4/76

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

The effects of toxicological significance were hyperplastic changes in the thymus of males treated at 2000 ppm and of the thyroid gland in the females treated at 1000 and 2000 ppm. The NOAEL was 100 ppm, equivalent to a mean daily dose of 3.77 mg/kg bw/day in males and 4.33 mg/kg bw/day in females.

Executive summary:

The chronic repeated dose toxicity of the substance to the rat via the oral route was studied under GLP to OECD TG 451. Groups of 80 male and 80 female Tif:RAIf (SPF) rats were fed diet containing 0 (control), 10, 100, 1000 or 2000 ppm cloquintocet-mexyl. Mortality, clinical appearance and behaviour, bodyweights, bodyweight changes, food consumption, ophthalmology, haematology, blood and urine biochemistry, organ weights, gross pathology and histopathology were assessed. Ten animals per group per sex were killed after 52 weeks of treatment for interim examination.

Cloquintocet-mexyl was well tolerated at dietary concentrations up to 2000 ppm (73.4/81.5 mg/kg bwt/day in males and females respectively). The effects of toxicological significance were hyperplasic changes in the thymus of males at 2000 ppm and of the thyroid gland in females at 1000 and 2000 ppm.

Based on the histopathological findings of the thyroid follicular epithelial hyperplasia at 1000 ppm in females the NOAEL was 100 ppm, equivalent to a mean daily dose of 3.77/4.33 mg/kg bw/day in males and females respectively.