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EC number: 236-921-1 | CAS number: 13548-38-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to reproduction
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- fertility, other
- Remarks:
- based on test type (migrated information)
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Non-standard study design
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Long-term exposure of male and female mice to trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds: effect on fertility
- Author:
- Elbetieha A & Al-Hamood MH
- Year:
- 1 997
- Bibliographic source:
- Toxicology 116, 39-47
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Deviations:
- not applicable
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The effects on fertility were investigated following the administration of chromium (III) chloride to male and female mice for 12 weeks before mating.
Treated males were mated with untreated females; treated females were mated with untreated males. Females were sacrificed one week following
mating. - GLP compliance:
- no
- Remarks:
- Published study
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- chromium chloride
- IUPAC Name:
- chromium chloride
- Reference substance name:
- Chromium trichloride
- EC Number:
- 233-038-3
- EC Name:
- Chromium trichloride
- Cas Number:
- 10025-73-7
- Test material form:
- solid: particulate/powder
- Remarks:
- migrated information: powder
- Details on test material:
- No further details
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- Swiss
- Sex:
- male/female
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: drinking water
- Vehicle:
- water
- Details on mating procedure:
- 1 treated male: 2 untreated females
1 untreated male: 3 treated females - Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Treated males or females were mated with untreated animals following exposure for 12 weeks.
- Frequency of treatment:
- Continuous.
- Details on study schedule:
- The effects of chromium chloride on male and female fertility were investigated in sexually mature (7 weeks old) Swiss mice administered this trivalent chromium compound in drinking water. Groups of 9-20 males were administered 0, 2000 or 5000 mg/l chromium chloride for 12 weeks and then mated for ten days, 1 male to 2 untreated females. The exposed males were then removed and 1 week later the females were terminated. Similarly, groups of 11-18 females were administered 0, 2000 or 5000 mg/l chomium chloride for 12 weeks and then mated for ten days, 3 females to 1 untreated male. One week after the removal of the males, the females were terminated. Number of pregnant females, total implantations, viable fetuses and resorptions were recorded. In addition, satellite groups of 10-13 males and 8-10 females administered chomium chloride for 12 weeks were sacrificed at the end of the treatment. Body and reproductive organ weights were recorded in these animals.
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0, 2000, 5000 mg/l (males)
Basis:
nominal in water
chromium (III) chloride
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
0, 2000, 5000 mg/l (females)
Basis:
nominal in water
chromium (III) chloride
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 9-20 males; 11-18 females
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
Results and discussion
Results: P0 (first parental generation)
Effect levels (P0)
open allclose all
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEL
- Effect level:
- 2 000 mg/L drinking water
- Based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- chromium III
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LOAEL
- Effect level:
- ca. 5 mg/kg bw/day
- Based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- chromium III
- Sex:
- male/female
Overall reproductive toxicity
- Reproductive effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
Exposed males
Bodyweights were significantly reduced by exposure to 2000 and 5000 mg/l chromium chloride, however a dose-response relationship is not apparent. Testes weights were significantly increased in both treated groups of males, however relative weights only are reported and there is no relationship to dose. Relative seminal vesicle weight was significantly lower at 5000 mg/l. Relative preputial gland weight was significantly lower at 2000 and 5000 mg/l, however there is no relationship to dose level.
Fertility was significantly (p<0.005) reduced in males exposed to 5000 mg/l chromium chloride. The number of succesful matings was significantly lower for males exposed to 5000 mg/l. Numbers of implantations and viable foetuses were lower for females mated to males exposed to 2000 and 5000 mg/l. Resportions were increased for females mated to males exposed to 2000 mg/l and the number of dead foetues was increased in females mated to males exposed to 5000 mg/l.
Exposed females
Bodyweights were unaffected by treatment with 2000 or 5000 mg/l. Relative ovary weight was significantly increased and relative uterus weight was significantly decreased in females exposed to 5000 mg/l. Implantation numbers were significantly reduced in females exposed to 2000 and 5000 mg/l; numbers of viable foetuses were also significantly reduced, although there is no relationship to treatment. The numbers of resorptions were increased in both treatment groups.
Parameter |
Males exposed |
Females exposed |
|||||
M |
F |
||||||
Controls |
2000 mg/l |
5000 mg/l |
Controls |
2000 mg/l |
5000 mg/l |
||
Bodyweight |
(g) |
35.7 |
30.6* |
33.4** |
34.6 |
nr |
34.2 |
Testes weight |
(mg/10 g bw) |
50.72 |
61.8** |
61.2* |
|||
Seminal vesicle weight |
(mg/10 g bw) |
44.5 |
42.2 |
35.4** |
|||
Preputial gland weight |
(mg/10 g bw) |
18.7 |
10.1*** |
15.0* |
|||
Ovary weight |
(mg/10 g bw) |
2.21 |
nr |
3.63* |
|||
Uterus weight |
(mg/10 g bw) |
23.75 |
nr |
13.90** |
|||
Pregnant females |
(#, %) |
33/40 (82.5%) |
18/20 (90%) |
8/18 (44%***) |
17/18 (94.4%) |
10/14 (71.4%) |
10/12 (83.3%) |
Implantations |
(#) |
8.18 |
7.47 |
7.33 |
9.00 |
6.30** |
5.70** |
Viable foetuses |
(#) |
8.18 |
7.33 |
6.00 |
8.76 |
5.55** |
5.85** |
Resorptions |
(#) |
0 |
6 |
1 |
4 |
12 |
16 |
Animals with resorptions |
(#, %) |
2/18 (11%) |
4/14 (28%) |
4/12 (33%) |
|||
Dead foetuses |
(#) |
0 |
0 |
12 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The findings of this study indicate that administration of high levels of water-soluble Cr (III) compounds in the drinking water to male and female mice might have negative effects on fertility. However the US Department of Health and Human Services in its Toxicological Profile for Chromium, September 2012, states that the results should be interpreted with caution due to concerns regarding experimental methods, including decreased water consumption in the higher concentration group (resulting in a potential overestimate of exposure and uncertainty regarding daily dose calculations). Also sperm counts wee not conducted and no standard mating protocol was used.
- Executive summary:
Male and female Swiss mice were administered chromium chloride in drinking water for 12 weeks prior to mating with untreated animals. Female mice were sacrificed one week following treatment; the numbers of pregnant animals, total implantations, viable foetuses and resorptions were recorded. Satellite groups of animals were also treated for 12 weeks (without mating) and the weights of the reproductive organs recorded.
There were no deaths or signs of toxicity; slightly reduced bodyweights were seen in both groups of treated males but without any relationship to dose. Relative testes weights were significanlty increased in both satellite groups, however findings may be secondary to bodywieght effects. Relative seminal vesicle and preputial gland weights were significantly lower, however the toxicological significance of these findings is unclear in the absence of histopathology. Relative ovary and uterus weight was increased in females at 5000 mg/l. Mean numbers of implantation sites were lower in treated groups.
Due to some shortcomings in study design, these finding should be interpreted with caution and considering the high doses applied should not become overestimated.
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