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EC number: 232-055-3 | CAS number: 7784-25-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Study period:
- 1993
Cross-referenceopen allclose all
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 993
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- poisoning incident
- Endpoint addressed:
- acute toxicity: dermal
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- A 57 year-old female with hemorrhagic cystisis and scleroderma received an accidental intravenous injection of approximately 400 ml of sterile 1% alum (NH4Al(SO4)2) in 0.9% NaCl (approximately 46 mg of elemental aluminum) intended for bladder irrigation.
The injection date was designated as "day 0". - GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Aluminium ammonium bis(sulphate)
- EC Number:
- 232-055-3
- EC Name:
- Aluminium ammonium bis(sulphate)
- Cas Number:
- 7784-25-0
- Molecular formula:
- Al.H3N.2H2O4S
- IUPAC Name:
- aluminium ammonium bis(sulphate)
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): alum (NH4Al(SO4)2)
- Substance type: no data
- Physical state: no data
- Analytical purity: no data
- Isomers composition: no data
- Purity test date: no data
- Lot/batch No.: no data
- Stability under test conditions: no data
- Storage condition of test material: no data
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- not specified
- Subjects:
- - Number of subjects exposed: one
- Sex: female
- Age: 57 year-old
- Race: no data
- Demographic information: no data
- Known diseases: hemorrhagic cystitis and scleroderma
- Other: no data - Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Route of exposure:
- other: intravenous injection
- Reason of exposure:
- accidental
- Exposure assessment:
- not specified
- Details on exposure:
- A 57 year-old female with hemorrhagic cystisis and scleroderma received an accidental intravenous injection of approximately 400 ml of sterile 1% alum (NH4Al(SO4)2) in 0.9% NaCl (approximately 46 mg of elemental aluminum) intended for bladder irrigation.
The injection date was designated as "day 0".
Four intravenous infusions of deferoxamine, 750-1000 mg each, were given on days 1, 5, 17 and 41. - Examinations:
- - Urine analysis: yes
- Haematology: yes
- Lung function parameters: no
- Other: bone marrow biopsy - Medical treatment:
- No data
Results and discussion
- Clinical signs:
- Within a few hours post injection with alum, the patient developed fever.
- Results of examinations:
- - Urine analysis:
There wa no renal functional impairment. Serum aluminum levels fell from 2043 µg/dL on day 1 to 311 µg/dL on day 4, and remained in the range 243-494 µg/dL from days 6-16 post exposure. Thereafter, a slower phase of aluminum clearance from serum occured from days 19-144, resulting in an aluminum concentration of 22.7 µg/dL at the end of this period (normal < 15.6 µg/dL).
- Haematology:
Within a few hours post injection with alum, the patient developed gross hemoglobinemia and transient hypophophatemia (phosphorus 0.7 mg/dL; normal 2.5-4.5 mg/dL). Her hemoglobin level fell from 12.0 g/dL (pre-injection) to 9.5 g/dL (day 6 post injection), and 2 units of packed erythrocytes were given by transfusion.
Reticulocytes were 5.5% on day 1 and fell to 0.5% by day 6 post exposure, despite moderate anemia.
A marrow biopsy specimen taken on day 30, and erythrocyte indices remained normal. Platelet concentrations fell progressively from 561 000/mm3 prior to injection to 165 000/mm3 on day 6 post injection, and recovered to pre-injection levels by day 14.
There was no evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation, although reactive leukocytosis occured during hemolysis.
- Other:
Hepatotoxicity was indicated by elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase levels that were maximal on day 2 (405 U/L; normal 0-40 U/L), and fell to 193 U/L by day 14. The serum alkaline phosphatase level was maximally elevated on day 6 post exposure (311U/L; normal 40-136 U/L), and fell to 193 U/L by day 14. Concentrations of other hepatic enzymes were similarly elevated. - Effectivity of medical treatment:
- Not applicable
- Outcome of incidence:
- No data
Any other information on results incl. tables
Eighteen months after the alum injection, there is no evidence of residual toxicity.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Intravenous injection of NH4Al(SO4)2 produced hemolytic anemia and hepatic injury similar to that previously reported with ingested NH4(SO4)2.
- Executive summary:
A 57 year-old female with hemorrhagic cystisis and scleroderma received an accidental intravenous injection of approximately 400 ml of sterile 1% alum (NH4Al(SO4)2) in 0.9% NaCl (approximately 46 mg of elemental aluminum) intended for bladder irrigation.
The injection date was designated as "day 0".
Four intravenous infusions of deferoxamine, 750-1000 mg each, were given on days 1, 5, 17 and 41.
Intravenous injection of NH4Al(SO4)2 produced hemolytic anemia and hepatic injury similar to that previously reported with ingested NH4(SO4)2.
These effects may be related to protein precipitation by the ammonium uib abd/or to the known ability of aluminum to bind adenosine phosphates.
Hypophosphatemia could be explained by plasma phosphate complexing by aluminum.
Eighteen months after the alum injection, there is no evidence of residual toxicity. The biphasic curve of aluminum disappearance from serum is similar to that of many other intravenously injected heavy metals, and seemed unaffected by intravenous deferoxamine administration.
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