5-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenol;[DCPP]

Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment

Administrative data

Endpoint:

bioaccumulation in aquatic species: fish

Type of information:

other: Transformation product of Diclosan

Adequacy of study:

disregarded due to major methodological deficiencies

Reliability:

3 (not reliable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

deficiencies: no information on solvent (methanol) concentration in stock/test solutions; In the upper treatment level, the fish did not take up any food during the uptake phase (reversible effect); no vehivle control; data do not indicate if calculation basis is wet weight or dry weight (wet weight assumed for this assessment based on missing description of dry matter determination of fish)

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2003

Report date:

2003

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 305 (Bioconcentration: Flow-through Fish Test)

Version / remarks:

(1996)

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.13 (Bioconcentration: Flow-through fish test)

GLP compliance:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

4640-07-7

Cas Number:

4640-07-7

IUPAC Name:

4640-07-7

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): FAT 80'221/B
- Physical state: solid, white homogeneous powder
- Analytical purity: 99.7%
- Purity test date: no data
- Lot/batch No.: ETH-636/2A
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 31 July 2007
- Stability under test conditions: stable, not volatile
- Storage condition of test material: at room temperature, closed polyethylene vessel

Radiolabelling:

no

Sampling and analysis

Details on sampling:

- Sampling intervals/frequency for test organisms:
- uptake period: after 8 h, 3 d, 6 d, 10 d, 14 d, 17 d, 18 d, 19 d
- depuration period: after 4 h, 8 h, 3 d, 6 d, 9 d, 13 d, 18 d
- Sampling intervals/frequency for test medium samples:
- uptake period: after 8 h, 3 d, 6 d, 10 d, 14 d, 17 d, 18 d, 19 d
- depuration period: after 4 h, 8 h, 3 d, 6 d, 9 d, 13 d, 18 d
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: no data
- Details on sampling and analysis of test organisms and test media samples (e.g. sample preparation, analytical methods): 4 fish/sampling; fish were pooled for replicate (2 fish = 1 replicate = 2 replicates per sampling); sampling of fish and test medium performed at the same time

Test solutions

Vehicle:

yes

Details on preparation of test solutions, spiked fish food or sediment:

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: stock solutions (upper treatment: 10 g/L; lower treatment: 1 g/L)
- Controls: negative control (water-only)
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): methanol
- Concentration of vehicle in test medium (stock solution and final test solution(s) at different concentrations and in control(s)): no data
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc): No undissolved test matreial in stock solutions, control and lower treatment levels; upper treatment level: Undissolved particles could be observed in case the test item added to the upper treatment surpassed 90% of the water solubility or in case the outflow of the stock solution was not directed into the outflow of the water pump.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: zebrafish
- Source: Pet's Best, Neustadt/Weinstraße, Germany
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): no data
- Length at study initiation (lenght definition, mean, range and SD): 3.1 ± 0.3 cm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 506 ± 38 mg
- Weight at termination (mean and range, SD):
- Method of breeding: no data
- Health status: mortality < 5% during housing period of 14 d prior to test start
- Description of housing/holding area: glass aquaria and polyethylene vessels; water: chlorine-free drinking water (Cu < 0.01 mg/L)
- Feeding during test
- Food type: warm-water fish food (tablets: Pet's Best Tabs; flakes: Zierfisch Futter; food analyzed for methyl-diclosan: no traces detected)
- Amount: 1-2% of body weight per day
- Frequency: 3 times per day

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 14 d
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): yes
- Type and amount of food: same as above
- Feeding frequency: same as above
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): mortality < 5% during housing period of 14 d prior to test start

Study design

Route of exposure:

aqueous

Test type:

flow-through

Water / sediment media type:

natural water: freshwater

Total exposure / uptake duration:

20 d

Total depuration duration:

19 d

Test conditions

Hardness:

Uptake period: 0.90 - 1.05 mmol/L
Depuration period: 0.93 - 0.96 mmol/L

Test temperature:

23 ± 2 °C

pH:

Uptake period: 7.7 - 8.2
Depuration period: 8.1 - 8.3

Dissolved oxygen:

Uptake period: 6.8 - 8.6 mg/L
Depuration period: 8.5 - 9.6 mg/L

TOC:

DOC
Uptake period: 1.31 - 12.28 ppm
Depuration period: < 1 ppm (on one occasion: 1.48 ppm in lower treatment and 1.35 ppm in upper treatment)

Salinity:

Uptake period: 248 - 259 µS/cm
Depuration period: 248 - 259 µS/cm

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: glass aquaria
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, 40*60*40 cm³, nominal volume: 80 L, fill volume: 60 L
- Aeration: yes
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): tubing pump
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): 5 volumes per day (preheated water: 210 mL/min; stock solution: 6.18 µL/min )
- No. of organisms per vessel: 60
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 1
- No. of vessels per control / vehicle control (replicates): 1
- Biomass loading rate: 1 fish/L

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: chlorine-free drinking water (Cu < 0.01 mg/L)
- Particulate matter: no data
- Metals: Al: < 0.02 mg/L; Cd: < 0.0001 mg/L; Cr: < 0.001 mg/L; Fe: < 0.01 mg/L; Hg: < 0.00005 µg/L; Mn: < 0.005 mg/L; Ni: < 0.001 mg/L; Pb: < 0.001 mg/L
- Pesticides: < 0.0001 µg/L
- Chlorine: 11.1 mg/L
- Alkalinity: no data
- Ca/mg ratio: 29.0 mg/L / 5.0 mg/L
- Conductance: 246 µS/cm
- Holding medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: no data (last analysis performed in Sep. 2002)
- Intervals of test medium replacement: flow-through conditions with replacement of 5 volumes per day

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: 12/12h
- Light intensity: no data (use of fluorescent tubes)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

measured: < LOD (control); 26.9 ± 4.8 µg/L; 263.5 ± 27.3 µg/L

Reference substance (positive control):

no

Results and discussion

Lipid content

Lipid content 1

Lipid content:

9.28 %

Time point:

start of exposure

Remarks on result:

other: control

Lipid content 2

Lipid content:

6.38 %

Time point:

end of exposure

Remarks on result:

other: control

Lipid content 3

Lipid content:

6.13 - 9.28 %

Time point:

other: range over uptake period

Remarks on result:

other: control

Lipid content 4

Lipid content:

8.54 %

Time point:

start of exposure

Remarks on result:

other: lower treatment

Lipid content 5

Lipid content:

6.6 %

Time point:

end of exposure

Remarks on result:

other: lower treatment

Lipid content 6

Lipid content:

5.42 - 12.52 %

Time point:

other: range over uptake period

Remarks on result:

other: lower treatment

Lipid content 7

Lipid content:

8.08 %

Time point:

start of exposure

Remarks on result:

other: upper treatment

Lipid content 8

Lipid content:

4.74 %

Time point:

end of exposure

Remarks on result:

other: upper treatment

Lipid content 9

Lipid content:

4.74 - 8.75 %

Time point:

other: range over exposure period

Remarks on result:

other: upper treatment

Bioaccumulation factor

Bioaccumulation factor 1

Type:

BCF

Value:

21 285

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Time of plateau:

11 d

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Conc.in environment / dose:26.9 ± 4.8 µg/L

Bioaccumulation factor 2

Type:

BCF

Value:

15 060

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Time of plateau:

11 d

Calculation basis:

steady state

Remarks on result:

other: Conc.in environment / dose:263.5 ± 27.3 µg/L

Bioaccumulation factor 3

Type:

BCF

Value:

23 084

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Time of plateau:

11 d

Calculation basis:

kinetic

Remarks on result:

other: Conc.in environment / dose:26.9 ± 4.8 µg/L

Bioaccumulation factor 4

Type:

BCF

Value:

16 738

Basis:

whole body w.w.

Time of plateau:

11 d

Calculation basis:

kinetic

Remarks on result:

other: Conc.in environment / dose:263.5 ± 27.3 µg/L

Bioaccumulation factor 5

Type:

BCF

Value:

302 440

Remarks on result:

other: Conc.in environment / dose:26.9 ± 4.8 µg/L

Details on kinetic parameters:

- Mean values: BCFss: 18173; BCFk: 19911
- Uptake rate constant (k1): lower treatment: 3592/day; upper treatment: 2437/day; mean: 3015/day
- Depuration (loss) rate constant (k2): lower treatment: 0.1509/day; upper treatment: 2437/day; mean: 0.1483/day
- Indication of bi- or multiphasic kinetics: no
- Computation / data analysis:

Details on results:

- Mortality of test organisms: 0%
- Behavioural abnormalities: The fish of the upper treatment level consumed almost no food during the uptake period. In addition they showed slackened movements. During the depuration period they behaved normally.
- Observations on body length and weight:
- Other biological observations:
- Organ specific bioaccumulation: no data
- Bound residues forming a plateau:
- Mortality and/or behavioural abnormalities of control: none
- Loss of test substance during test period:
- Results with vehicle control: not performed

Any other information on results incl. tables

Uptake period: Chemical analysis of fish and water as well as lipid content of fish during

Day of exposure	M-DCPP				Lipid content (%)
	Water (µg/L)	Fish (mg/kg)			Repl. 1	Repl. 2	Mean
		Repl. 1	Repl. 2	Mean
Control
0.33					9.28		9.28
1					9.10		9.10
3					8.51		8.51
6					6.82		6.82
10					7.82		7.82
14					7.69		7.69
17					6.28		6.28
18					6.13		6.13
19					6.38		6.38
Mean							7.56
Lower treatment
0	32
0.33	32	77			8.44		8.44
1	33	201			12.52		12.52
3	19	247			9.88		9.88
6	26	356			6.42		6.42
10	26	558		Plateau phase: 572	9.33		9.33
14	25	626			7.82		7.82
17	29	736			5.86		5.86
18	30	409*			6.76		6.76
19	31	533*			5.42	6.60	6.01
Mean	28				8.05	8.18	8.12
Upper treatment
0	244	355			8.08		8.08
0.33	296
1	267	879			8.28		8.28
3		1981			8.71		8.71
6	270	2800			7.60		7.60
10	314	3094		Plateau phase: 3769	7.27		7.27
14	223	3835	4347		6.84	8.75	7.80
17		2372*	3696		5.00	7.17	6.09
18	245	3475			6.40		6.40
19	262	4489	2485*		7.87	4.74	6.31
Mean	265						7.41

Depuration period: Chemical analysis and lipid content of fish

Day of exposure	M-DCPP			Lipid content (%)
	Fish (mg/kg)
	Repl. 1	Repl. 2	Mean	Repl. 1	Repl. 2	Mean
Control
0.17				4.15		4.15
0.33				6.05		6.05
1				6.09		6.09
3				6.24		6.24
6				6.08		6.08
9				6.19		6.19
13				6.22		6.22
18				4.79		4.79
Mean						5.73
Lower treatment
0.17	130			4.69		4.69
0.33	96			5.54		5.54
1	257	65*	257	7.18	5.47	6.33
3	158		158	8.99		8.99
6	75		75	5.67		5.67
9	54		54	5.73		5.73
13	65		65	7.58		7.58
18	18		18	5.33		5.33
Mean						6.23
Upper treatment
0.17	2756		2756	7.02		7.02
0.33	3601		3601	7.24		7.24
1	3674	3278	3476	5.55	9.26	7.41
3	2050		2050	6.68		6.68
6	593	4347	2470	4.63		4.63
9	829	3696	2263	6.60		6.60
13	788		788	4.72		4.72
18	224		224	7.38		7.38
Mean						6.46