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EC number: 255-288-2 | CAS number: 41272-40-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
MG undergoes a reduction to LG. LG could also undergoes a similar N-demethylation by cytochrome P-450. These primary and secondary amine metabolites are similar to carcinogenic arylamines.
Dermal absorption of MG is negligible.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Malachite Green (MG) undergoes a reduction to Leucomalachite Green (LG).
MG undergoes a reduction to LG or cytochrome P-45O catalyzed N-demethylation to mono-and di-desmethyl MG. LG could also undergoes a similar N-demethylation by cytochrome P-450. These primary and secondary amine metabolites are similar to carcinogenic arylamines. As such, they could be oxidized to metabolites that react with DNA either directly or after esterilication. Misreplication of these lesions may result in mutations that can lead to liver tumors (Culp, 1999). A comparison of adverse effects suggests that exposure to LG causes a greater number and more severe changes than exposure to MG (Culp, 1999).
Furthermore the complete reduction of MG to LG can occur by the action of intestinal bacteria: intestinal microflora from human, rat, mouse and monkey and anaerobic bacteria (representative of those found in the human gastrointestinal tract) metabolize MG to LG. Since LG is structurally similar to the Leuco-forms of other carcinogenic triphenylmethane dyes, it is expected that the enzymatic reduction of MG to LG by intestinal microflora may play a role in metabolic activation of the substance to a potential carcinogen (Henderson, 1997).
Dermal absorption of both MG Oxalate and Chloride is negligible and the formation of LG is also negligible (R&C, 2011).
A comparison of adverse effects suggests that exposure to LG causes a greater number and more severe changes than exposure to MG. LG produces apoptosis of the transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder, in mice. The apoptotic cells are phagocytized by neighboring transitional epithelial cells and appear to undergo dissolution in phagocytic vacuoles. The apoptotic cell death may be accompanied by a compensatory cell proliferation, which can promote the expansion of initiated cells.
The formation of a DNA adduct or co-eluting adducts (that increases with increasing dose) occurred in rats and mice fed with MG and LG; this suggests that a genotoxic mechanism for thyroid tumour formation may be possible (Culp, 1999).
In addition results suggest a scenario in which MG undergoes to the LG reduced form, or cytochrome P-45O catalyzed N-demethylation to mono-and di-desmethyl MG. LG may also undergo a similar N-demethylation by cytochrome P-450. These primary and secondary amine metabolites are similar to carcinogenic arylamines. As such, they could be oxidized to metabolites that react with DNA either directly or after esterilication. Misreplication of these lesions may result in mutations that can lead to liver tumour (Culp, 1999).
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