Toluene-2-sulphonamide

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

For both dermal and eye irritation/corrosion old pre-GLP studies are available. Although not performed according to the current guidelines, the results as presented are robust enough for adequate conclusions regarding classification: ortho-Toluenesulfonamide does not need to be classified for dermal or eye irritation.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

skin irritation: in vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1978

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: see 'Remark'

Remarks:

This study was performed pre-GLP and according to a method similar to OECD 404. But with the following deviations: - exposure period 24 hours - rabbit skin is exposed under occlusion - the test substance is not moistened to ensure optimal skin contact - the animal skin is exposed intact and abraded - it cannot be assessed if/when effects are reversible. Observation were made up to 72 hour after exposure. - no data on substance identity or composition. - no details on test animals and their accomodation Although this study has deviations performing a new study is not warranted because it will not provide any new information. With this study it has been shown that the substance is not a skin irritant according to GHS

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: U.S. FDA (Fed. Reg. 28 (119), 5582, 1963)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

- exposure period 24 hours
- rabbit skin is exposed under occlusion
- the test substance is not moistened to ensure optimal skin contact
- the animal skin is exposed intact and abraded
- it cannot be assessed if/when effects are reversible. Observation were made up to 72 hour after exposure.
- no details on test animals and their accomodation

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

pre-GLP

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

New Zealand White

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: no data
- Age at study initiation: no data
- Weight at study initiation: no data
- Housing: no data
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): no data
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): no data
- Acclimation period: no data

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): no data
- Humidity (%): no data
- Air changes (per hr): no data
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): no data

IN-LIFE DATES: no data

Type of coverage:

occlusive

Preparation of test site:

other: clipped

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

no

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.5g

Duration of treatment / exposure:

24 hours

Observation period:

The skin is evaluated 24 and 72 hours after the start of exposure.

Number of animals:

6 with intact and 6 with abraded skin

Details on study design:

TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: back of the animal
- % coverage: 2.5x2.5 cm
- Type of wrap if used: Surgical patch measuring 1 inch x 1 inch (2.5 x2.5 cm). The patches are fixed to the application site by means of adhesive tape and the entire trunk of the rabbits is wrapped with an impervious material.

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): none
- Time after start of exposure: not applicable


SCORING SYSTEM: Draize
Erythema and eschar formation
0 No erythema
1 Very slight erythema (barely perceptible)
2 Well defined erythema
3 Moderate to severe erythema
4 Severe erythema (beet redness) to slight eschar formation (injuries in depth)

Oedema formation
0 No oedema
1 Very slight edema(barely perceptible)
2 Slight edema(edges of the area well defined by definite raising)
3 Moderate edema(raised approximately 1mm)
4 Severe edema( raised more than 1 mm and extending beyond the area of exposure)

Irritation parameter:

erythema score

Basis:

mean

Time point:

other: 24-72 hours

Score:

0.3

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

not fully reversible within: 72 hours

Remarks on result:

other: intact + abraded skin

Irritation parameter:

edema score

Basis:

mean

Time point:

other: 24-72 hours

Score:

0

Max. score:

4

Remarks on result:

other: intact + abraded skin

Irritant / corrosive response data:

after 24 hours: very slight erythema
after 72 hours: very slight erythema

No difference was observed between intact and abraded skin

Results

Rabbit No and sex		Hours after instillation		Average 24-72 hours: Intact	Rabbit No and sex	Hours after instillation		Average 24-72 hours: Abraded
	Site	24	72			24	72
7247	erythema	1	0	0.5	7241	0	0	0
	oedema	0	0	0		0	0	0
7248	erythema	D	D	D	7242	1	0	0.5
	oedema	D	D	D		0	0	0
7249	erythema	1	0	0.5	7243	1	0	0.5
	oedema	0	0	0		0	0	0
7250	erythema	0	0	0	7244	1	0	0.5
	oedema	0	0	0		0	0	0
7251	erythema	0	0	0	7245	1	0	0.5
	oedema	0	0	0		0	0	0
7252	erythema	0	1	0.5	7246	1	1	1
	oedema	0	0	0		0	0	0

D = dead

Interpretation of results:

not irritating

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: OECD GHS

Conclusions:

The results show that the test substance is very slightly irritating to skin. It causes minimal erythema and no oedema. The contact time is too long but the test substance was not moistened so contact with the skin may not have been optimal. Reversibility cannot be assessed but the effecst are of such minimal nature that full reversibilty is expected well within 14 days. Although this study has deviations performing a new study is not warranted because it will not provide any new information. With this study it has been shown that the substance is not a skin irritant according to GHS.

Executive summary:

The primary irritation of o-TSA to the skin is measured by a occlusive patch-test technique on the abraded and intact skin of albino rabbits. The study was performed accoding to methods similar to OECD404. but with the following deviations:

- exposure period 24 hours

- rabbit skin is exposed under occlusion

- the test substance is not moistened to ensure optimal skin contact

- the animal skin is exposed intact and abraded

- it cannot be assessed if/when effects are reversible. Observations were made up to 72 hour after exposure.

- no details on test substance identity or composition

- no details on test animals and their accommodation

Twelve healthy adult New Zealand White albino rabbits are used . Twenty four hours prior to applying the materials, the hair is removed from the backs of the animals with an electric clipper in such a way as to avoid abrasions. An amount of 0.5 g is placed on the skin under occlusion for 24 hours. The skin is evaluated 24 and 72 hours after the start of exposure. After 24 hours: very slight erythema after 72 hours: very slight erythema. No difference was observed between intact and abraded skin.

The results show that the test substance is very slightly irritating to skin. It causes minimal erythema and no oedema. The contact time is too long but the test substance was not moistened so contact with the skin may not have been optimal. Reversibility cannot be assessed but the effecst are of such minimal nature that full reversibility is expected well within 14 days. Although this study has many deviations performing a new study is not warranted because it will not provide any new information. With this study it has been shown that the substance is not a skin irritant according to GHS.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1978

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: The study was performed according to a method similar to OECD 405 and pre-GLP.

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: U.S. FDA (Fed. Reg. 28(119), 5582, 1963)

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

pre-GLP

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

New Zealand White

Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: no data
- Age at study initiation: no data
- Weight at study initiation: no data
- Housing: no data
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): no data
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): no data
- Acclimation period: no data

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): no data
- Humidity (%): no data
- Air changes (per hr): no data
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): no data

IN-LIFE DATES: no data

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

other: untreated eye served as the control

Amount / concentration applied:

0.1g

Duration of treatment / exposure:

One single dose is given

Observation period (in vivo):

The eyes are examined at 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days after instillation of the test material.

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

6

Details on study design:

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): not done
- Time after start of exposure: not applicable

SCORING SYSTEM: Scoring system eye irritation

Cornea: degree of density (area most dense taken for reading)
0 No ulceration or opacity
1 Scattered or diffuse areas of opacity (other than slight dulling of normal lustre), details of iris clearly visible
2 Easily discernible translucent areas, details of iris slightly obscured
3 Nacrous areas, no details of iris visible, size of pupil barely discernible
4 Opaque cornea, iris not discernible through the opacity

Iris
0 Normal
1 Markedly deepened rugae, congestion, swelling, moderate circumcorneal hyperaemia or injection, any of these or combination of any thereof, iris still reacting to light (sluggish reaction is positive)
2 No reaction to light, haemorrhage, gross destruction (any or all of these)

Conjunctivae
Redness (refers to palpebral and bulbar conjunctivae cornea and iris)

0 Blood vessels normal
1 Some blood vessels definitely hyperaemic
(injected)
2 Diffuse, crimson colour, individual vessels not easily discernible
3 Diffuse, beefy red

Chemosis (lids and/or nictitating membranes)
0 No swelling 0
1 Any swelling above normal (includes nictitating membranes)
2 Obvious swelling with partial eversion of lids
3 Swelling with lids about half-closed
4 Swelling with lids more than half-closed

TOOL USED TO ASSESS SCORE: Ocular reactions are read using a binocular magnifying glass. The diagnosis of corneal damage is confirmed, if necessary, by staining the eyes of the animals with fluorescein-impregnated papers. After flushing the excess fluorescein solution, the eyes are examined in a dark room under ultraviolet illumination.

Irritation parameter:

cornea opacity score

Basis:

mean

Remarks:

all animals

Time point:

other: 14-48-72h mean

Score:

0

Max. score:

4

Irritation parameter:

iris score

Basis:

mean

Remarks:

all animals

Time point:

other: 24-48-72 h mean

Score:

0

Max. score:

2

Irritation parameter:

conjunctivae score

Basis:

mean

Remarks:

all animals

Time point:

other: 24-48-72h mean

Score:

0.7

Max. score:

3

Reversibility:

fully reversible within: 7 days

Irritation parameter:

chemosis score

Basis:

mean

Remarks:

all animals

Time point:

other: 24-48-72h mean

Score:

0.22

Max. score:

4

Reversibility:

fully reversible within: 7 days

Irritant / corrosive response data:

Slight lesions of the conjunctivae in all (six) rabbits.

results:

Rabbit No and sex	Region of the eye		Hours after instillation				Average 24-48-72 hours
			24	48	72	7(days)
7	Cornea	Degree of opacity	0	0	0	0	0
	Iris		0	0	0	0	0
	Conjunctivae	Redness	1	1	0	0	0.66
		Chemosis	1	0	0	0	0.66
8	Cornea	Degree of opacity	0	0	0	0	0
	Iris		0	0	0	0	0
	Conjunctivae	Redness	1	1	0	0	0.66
		Chemosis	0	0	0	0	0
9	Cornea	Degree of opacity	0	0	0	0	0
	Iris		0	0	0	0	0
	Conjunctivae	Redness	1	1	0	0	0.66
		Chemosis	1	0	0	0	0.33
10	Cornea	Degree of opacity	0	0	0	0	0
	Iris		0	0	0	0	0
	Conjunctivae	Redness	1	1	0	0	0.66
		Chemosis	0	0	0	0	0
11	Cornea	Degree of opacity	0	0	0	0	0
	Iris		0	0	0	0	0
	Conjunctivae	Redness	1	1	1	0	1
		Chemosis	1	0	0	0	0.33
12	Cornea	Degree of opacity	0	0	0	0	0
	Iris		0	0	0	0	0
	Conjunctivae	Redness	1	1	0	0	0.66
		Chemosis	0	0	0	0	0

Interpretation of results:

not irritating

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: OECD GHS

Conclusions:

The study resulted in slight lesions of the conjunctivae in all (six) rabbits. Therefore the test substance is considered not irritant to the eye according to GHS.

Executive summary:

A study was performed to access the eye irritancy of ortho toluenesulfochloride. The study was performed pre-GLP. The study is similar to OECD405. 0.1g of the test substance was instilled in the eye of one rabbit. The untreated eye served a sthe control. Observations were made after 24, 48, 72 hours and after 7 days. The study resulted in slight lesions of the conjunctivae in all (six) rabbits. Therefore the test substance is considered not irritant to the eye according to GHS.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed (not irritating)

Respiratory irritation

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Skin irritation/corrosion:

The primary irritation of o-TSA to the skin is measured by an occlusive patch-test technique on the abraded and intact skin of albino rabbits (TNO, 1978).

Twelve healthy adult New Zealand White albino rabbits are used. Twenty four hours prior to applying the materials, the hair is removed from the backs of the animals with an electric clipper in such a way as to avoid abrasions. An amount of 0.5 g is placed on the skin under occlusion for 24 hours. The skin is evaluated 24 and 72 hours after the start of exposure. After 24 hours: very slight erythema after 72 hours: very slight erythema. No difference was observed between intact and abraded skin.

The results show that the test substance is very slightly irritating to skin. It causes minimal erythema and no oedema.

The study was performed according to methods similar to OECD 404, but with the following relevant deviations from the current guidelines:

-      exposure period 24 hours: this would result to a comparable worst case condition

-      rabbit skin is exposed under occlusion: worst case condition

-      the test substance is not moistened to ensure optimal skin contact: Due to full occlusion and 24 hour rather than 4 hour exposure, this is likely of no consequence.

-      the animal skin is exposed intact and abraded: Abraded would represent worst case condition.

-      it cannot be assessed if/when effects are reversible. Observations were made up to 72 hour after exposure: The highest grades observed only consisted of very slight erythema. This was at 72 hours still visible in 2/11 animals and can be expected to completely resolve.

 

In an additional study (Younger Labs, 1974) of low validity due to limited reporting, 6 New Zealand Albino Rabbits were given 0.5 Gram applied as finely ground powder moistened with water. Exposure duration was 24 hours. Results: None of the 6 animals showed any signs of erythema or oedema during the 7 days observation period.

 

Eye irritation

A study was performed to access the eye irritancy of ortho-toluenesulfonamide (TNO, 1978). The study was performed pre-GLP. The study is similar to OECD 405. 0.1g of the test substance was instilled in the eye of one rabbit. The untreated eye served as the control. Observations were made after 24, 48, and 72 hours and after 7 days. Very slight corneal damage was observed in one out of six rabbits which was completely resolved the next day. Slight erythema of the conjunctivae was observed in all (six) rabbits, although this reaction was not severe enough to be considered a positive reaction. The erythema reaction was resolved by day 3.

 

This minimal irritation hazards to the eyes is confirmed in an additional study (Younger Labs, 1974) of low validity due to limited reporting, 6 New Zealand Albino Rabbits were given 100 mg o-TSA applied as finely ground powder. Results: Immediate: Slight discomfort; after 10 minutes slight erythema and slight discharge were observed, that was increased after 1 hour to moderate to copious discharge. After 48 hour there were no effects observed anymore.

 

Respiratory irritation:

vp is0.000066 Pa at 25°C, and the respirable fraction (≤ 4 µm) of the crystalline solid is 0.23%. Also likelihood of exposures by aerosols from the use of the substance is low (also taking into consideration the low water solubility of 1.6 g/L). Therefore, exposures can be expected to be minimal an in combination of the lack of irritation seen in skin and eye irritation studies, respiratory irritation is not likely to occur.

Justification for selection of skin irritation / corrosion endpoint:
Most valid study available

Justification for selection of eye irritation endpoint:
Most valid study available

Justification for classification or non-classification

The available data indicate that even following 24 hr dermal exposure under occlusive conditions only slight erythema was visible. The substance therefore does not need to be classified according to GHS.

A study evaluating the irritating effects in rabbit eyes resulted to limited effects in 1/6 rabbits that was reversible within one day, and slight erythema of the conjunctivae in all (six) rabbits which was cleared within 3 days and is not considered a positive reaction for GHS classification. Therefore the test substance is considered not irritant to the eye according to GHS.

There are no data that that would lead to consider respiratory irritation. There is no need to consider classification for STOT-SE Cat.3 regarding respiratory irritation.