5-(methoxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

July 12, 2011 - August 3, 2011

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: This study has been performed in accordance with OECD 202 (2004) and according to GLP principles.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

study report

Title:

Unnamed

Year:

2011

Report date:

2011

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Test guideline 1

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Version / remarks:

(2004)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 2

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)

Version / remarks:

(2008)

Deviations:

no

Test guideline 3

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: ISO International Standard 6341: "Water quality - Determination of the inhibition of the mobility of Daphnia magna Straus - Acute toxicity test, Third edition, 1996-04-01

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

5-(methoxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde

EC Number:

700-511-5

Cas Number:

1917-64-2

Molecular formula:

C7H8O3

IUPAC Name:

5-(methoxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde

Details on test material:

- Name of test material (as cited in study report): MMF
- Description: Clear yellow liquid
- CAS Number: 1917-64-2

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Samples for possible analysis were taken from all test concentrations and the control according to the schedule below.
- Frequency: at t=0 h and t=48 h
- Volume: 2 ml from the approximate centre of the test vessels
- Storage: Samples were stored in a freezer until analysis
At the end of the exposure period, the replicates were pooled at each concentration before sampling.

Test solutions

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

- MMF was completely soluble in test medium at the concentrations tested.
- Weighing of test substance was performed under either yellow or dimmed light and preparation of test solutions was performed under dimmed light.
- Preparation of test solutions started with a nominal concentration of 100 mg/l applying 15-16 minutes of magnetic stirring to accelerate the dissolving of the test substance in the test medium.
- The lower test concentrations were prepared by subsequent dilutions of the 100 mg/l concentration in test medium. The final test solutions were all clear and colourless.

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

- Species: Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera) (Straus, 1820), at least third generation, obtained by acyclical parthenogenesis under specified breeding conditions
- Source: In-house laboratory culture with a known history
- Validity of batch: Daphnids originated from a healthy stock, 2nd to 5th brood, showing no signs of stress such as mortality >20%, presence of males, ephippia or discoloured animals and there was no delay in the production of the first brood.
- Characteristics: For the test selection of young daphnids with an age of < 24 hours, from parental daphnids of more than two weeks old.

Breeding:
- Start of each batch: With newborn daphnids, i.e. less than 3 days old, by placing about 250 of them into 5 litres of medium in an all-glass culture vessel.
- Maximum age of the cultures: 4 weeks
- Renewal of the cultures: After 7 days of cultivation half of the medium twice a week.
- Temperature of medium: 18-22°C
- Feeding: Daily, a suspension of fresh water algae.
- Medium: M7, as prescribed by Dr. Elendt-Schneider (Elendt, B.-P., 1990: Selenium deficiency in Crustacea. An ultrastructural approach to antennal damage in Daphnia magna Straus. Protoplasma 154, 25-33).

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Test conditions

Test temperature:

The temperature of the test medium was 20.5°C at the start of the test. The temperature continuously measured in a temperature control vessel varied between 19.9 and 20.3°C.

pH:

8.0

Dissolved oxygen:

9.0 - 9.3 mg/L

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations (combined limit/range-finding test): 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/L
Nominal and measured concentrations (main test):
0, 1.0, 2.2, 4.6 (measured: 4.11), 10 (measured: 9.40), 22 (measured: 21.1), 46 (measured: 44.3) and 100 (measured: 97.3) mg/L

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

the report includes the results of the most recent reference test with potassium dichromate (September 2011)

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

8.2 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Remarks:

(measured concentrations within 80-120% of nominal concentrations)

Basis for effect:

mobility

Remarks on result:

other: 95%- confidence interval: 7.4 - 9.7 mg/L

Details on results:

- Measured concentrations: Test concentrations proved to be in agreement with nominal at the start of the test (89-97%) and remained stable during the test period (88-97% of nominal at the end of the test period). Given these results, effect parameters were based on nominal test concentrations.
- After 48 hours 75-100% of the daphnids exposed to the four highest test concentrations were immobilised. No immobility was observed at any of the lower test concentrations and the control. The responses recorded in this test allowed for reliable determination of an EC50.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

The actual responses in the reference test with K2Cr2O7 were within the ranges of the expected responses at the different concentrations, i.e. the 48h-EC50 was between 0.3 and 1.0 mg/l (0.41 mg/l with a 95% confidence interval between 0.36 and 0.46 mg/l).

Any other information on results incl. tables

Combined limit/range-finding test

After 48 hours of exposure 70 and 100% immobilisation of daphnids was observed at concentrations of 10 and 100 mg/l, respectively. No immobility was observed at any of the lower test concentrations and the control. Based on these results samples taken from nominal 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/l were analysed. The initial concentrations were in agreement with nominal, i.e. 108-118%, and remained stable during the test period (104-113% of nominal). The expected EC50 was between 1.0 and 10 mg/l.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

In accordance with OECD 202 (2004) and according to GLP principles the acute toxicity of MMF in Daphnia magna was investigated. The 48h-EC50 was 8.2 mg/l (95% confidence interval between 7.4 and 9.7 mg/l).

Executive summary:

In this study, the acute toxicity of MMF in Daphnia magna was investigated. The study procedures were based on OECD 202 (2004). Weighing of test substance was performed under either yellow or dimmed light and preparation of test solutions was performed under dimmed light. A final test was performed based on the results of a preceding combined limit/range-finding test. Preparation of test solutions started with a nominal concentration of 100 mg/l applying 15-16 minutes of magnetic stirring to accelerate the dissolving of the test substance in the test medium. The lower test concentrations were prepared by subsequent dilutions of the 100 mg/l concentration in test medium. The final test solutions were all clear and colourless. Twenty daphnids per concentration (four replicates, five daphnids per replicate) were exposed to a control and nominal MMF concentrations of 1.0, 2.2, 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/l. The total test period was 48 hours and samples for analytical confirmation of actual exposure concentrations were taken at the start and the end of the test. Test concentrations proved to be in agreement with nominal at the start of the test (89-97%) and remained stable during the test period (88-97% of nominal at the end of the test period). Given these results, effect parameters were based on nominal test concentrations. All the validity criteria were fulfilled. MMF did not induce acute immobilisation of Daphnia magna at 4.6 mg/l after 48 hours of exposure (NOEC). The 48h-EC50 was 8.2 mg/l (95% confidence interval between 7.4 and 9.7 mg/l).