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EC number: 202-852-0 | CAS number: 100-43-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vivo
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- genetic toxicity in vivo
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: other: assays results of mutational events
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1991-1992
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Not an OECD Guideline study. 20-week tumorigenicty study performed by scientists at the American Health Foundation, under Grant # CA-29580 from the U.S. National Cancer Institute. This is a reputable research institute which was a long-time recipient of core center grants from the U.S. National Cancer Institute.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 992
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Female A/J mice 6-8 weeks old were housed in groups of 5 in polycarbonate cages with hardwood bedding, in rooms kept at 20 C on a 12-hour light/dark cycle, and fed NIH-07 meal and water ad lib. Each mouse, in a group of 25, was injected intraperitoneally 3 times weekly for 20 weeks with 2-vinylpyridine suspended in olive oil, for a total administration of 200 micromoles/mouse. Mice were euthanized and lung tumors were counted.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- other: lung tumor (adenoma, adenocarcinoma) induction
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 4-vinylpyridine
- EC Number:
- 202-852-0
- EC Name:
- 4-vinylpyridine
- Cas Number:
- 100-43-6
- Molecular formula:
- C7H7N
- IUPAC Name:
- 4-ethenylpyridine
- Reference substance name:
- 202-853-0
- IUPAC Name:
- 202-853-0
- Test material form:
- other: liquid
- Details on test material:
- 4-Vinylpyridine was obtained commercially and purified by acid precipation. Purity was 99%, verified by GC-FID on an Alltech Econocap Carbowax column. 4-vinylpyridine was suspended in olive oil and stability was assessed after 1, 2, and 3 weeks. After 3 weeks of storage, there was 94.8% recovery in the olive oil. Test solutions administered to mice were made fresh weekly.
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- other: A/J, from Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- Sex:
- female
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- intraperitoneal
- Vehicle:
- Olive oil
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 3 weeks (20 days)
- Frequency of treatment:
- 3 injections weekly
- Post exposure period:
- 20 weeks
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 25
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Positive control(s):
- 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)
Examinations
- Tissues and cell types examined:
- A complete autopsy of each mouse was performed. The following tissues were sliced and preserved in buffered formalin: head, lung, heart, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys and adrenals.
- Details of tissue and slide preparation:
- Tissues were preserved in formalin with buffer. Paraffin sections were prepared and stained with H&E, and examined histologically.
- Evaluation criteria:
- Incidence of tumors was compared between the mice dosed with test material and control mice receiving vehicle. Histological lesions were compared with those of the negative and positive controls (NNK and styrene).
- Statistics:
- Statistical significance was evaluated by the Student's t-test.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Sex:
- female
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Remarks:
- not tumorigenic
- Toxicity:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- In vitro genotoxicity testing was performed on 4-vinylpyridine. This substance was non-mutagenic in a bacterial mutagenesis assay (Ames Assay) in Salmonella strains TA1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100 with and without exogenous activation by liver S9 fractions. 1-vinylpyridine was non-genotoxic in a primary hepatocyte/DNA repair assay (Williams Assay).
Any other information on results incl. tables
17 % of mice treated with 4VP developed lung tumors after 20 weeks of i.p. administration of a total dose of 200 micromoles, compared with 4% of control mice (increase was not statistically significant), and 100% of mice given 20 micromoles of NNK (positive control). The number of 4 -VP-dosed mice with lung adenomas was 4, compared with 1 in negative controls and 24 in the NNK group.
The number of 4-VP-dosed mice with lung adenocarcinomas was 0, compared with 0 in negative controls and 4 in the NNK group. The tumor burden per mouse in the 4-VP-dosed mice was 0.26 +/- 0.28, compared with 0.04 +/1 0.20 in negative controls and 24.0 +/- 7.0 in those receiving NNK. No other tumors were noted in the other tissues examined.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information): negative non-carcinogenic
4-Vinylpyridine is non-tumorigenic in the lung after 20 weeks of exposure. If 4-vinylpyridine was mutagenic in vivo, there is a high probability that tumors would have developed as an effect of initiating genotoxic events. The absence of an increase in tumors in 4-VP-dosed animals over negative control values supports the proposal that 4-vinylpyridine is nonmutagenic in vivo. - Executive summary:
4-Vinylpyridine, 99% pure and stable in olive oil, was administered intraperitoneally to female A/J mice for a total dose of 200 micromoles. Mice were injected 3 times weekly for 20 weeks with 4-vinylpyridine suspended in olive oil.. Olive oil alone served as a negative control, and a known lung carcinogen, NNK, was given i.p. as a positive control. At the end of the 20 weeks, mice were euthanized and tissues were examined for tumors. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of mice with tumors, nor the number of tumors per mouse, between those receiving 4-vinylpyridine and the negative control group. In contrast, NNK significantly increased the number of mice with lung tumors, and also the number of tumors per animal which did have lung tumors, compared with negative controls. In conclusion, 4-vinylpyridine is not tumorigenic, and not mutagenic, in A/J mice when 200 micromoles is given over 20 weeks.
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