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EC number: 208-953-6 | CAS number: 548-62-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
The skin sensitization potential of N-(4-{bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)-N-methylmethanaminium chloride (548-62-9)was estimated by SSS (2017) using OECD QSAR toolbox v3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the six closest read across substances ofN-(4-{bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)-N-methylmethanaminium chloride (548-62-9) was predicted to be not sensitizing to the skin of male and female Dunkin-Hartley guinea pig .
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin sensitisation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin sensitisation
- Remarks:
- in vivo
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with limited documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from OECD QSAR toolbox v3.3 and the QMRF report has been attached.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: As mentioned below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Prediction was done using OECD QSAR toolbox v3.3, 2017
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of study:
- guinea pig maximisation test
- Justification for non-LLNA method:
- No data available
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Name of test material (as cited in study report): Crystal violet
- IUPAC name: N-(4-{bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)-N-methylmethanaminium chloride
- Molecular formula : C25H30N3.Cl
Molecular weight : 407.986 g/mol
- Smiles notation: C(\c1ccc(N(C)C)cc1)(c1ccc(N(C)C)cc1)=C1\C=C\C(=[N+](/C)C)C=C1.[ClH-]
- InChl:1S/C25H30N3.ClH/c1-26(2)22-13-7-19(8-14-22)25(20-9-15-23(16-10-20)27(3)4)21-11-17-24(18-12-21)28(5)6;/h7-18H,1-6H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid - Species:
- guinea pig
- Strain:
- Dunkin-Hartley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals and environmental conditions:
- No data available
- No. of animals per dose:
- Total :30
Test group: 10 males and 10females
Control group: 5 males and 5females - Details on study design:
- No data available
- Challenge controls:
- No data available
- Positive control substance(s):
- not specified
- Statistics:
- No data available
- Positive control results:
- No data available
- Reading:
- 1st reading
- Group:
- test chemical
- Dose level:
- 2.5%
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 20
- Clinical observations:
- No skin sensitization reaction was observed
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of skin sensitisation
- Interpretation of results:
- other: not sensitizing
- Conclusions:
- The skin sensitization potential of N-(4-{bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)-N-methylmethanaminium chloride (548-62-9) was estimated by SSS (2017) using OECD QSAR toolbox v3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the six closest read across substances of N-(4-{bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)-N-methylmethanaminium chloride (548-62-9) was predicted to be not sensitizing to the skin of male and female Dunkin-Hartley guinea pig .
- Executive summary:
The skin sensitization potential of N-(4-{bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)-N-methylmethanaminium chloride (548-62-9)was estimated by SSS (2017) using OECD QSAR toolbox v3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the six closest read across substances of N-(4-{bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)-N-methylmethanaminium chloride (548-62-9) was predicted to be not sensitizing to the skin of male and female Dunkin-Hartley guinea pig .
Reference
The
prediction was based on dataset comprised from the following
descriptors: "Skin Sensitisation"
Estimation method: Takes highest mode value from the 9 nearest neighbours
Domain logical expression:Result: In Domain
((((((("a"
or "b" or "c" or "d" )
and ("e"
and (
not "f")
)
)
and "g" )
and ("h"
and (
not "i")
)
)
and "j" )
and "k" )
and ("l"
and "m" )
)
Domain
logical expression index: "a"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Alkene OR Ammonium salt OR
Aromatic amine OR Aryl by Organic Functional groups ONLY
Domain
logical expression index: "b"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Alkene OR Ammonium salt OR
Aromatic amine OR Overlapping groups by Organic Functional groups
(nested) ONLY
Domain
logical expression index: "c"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Aliphatic Carbon [CH] OR
Aliphatic Carbon [-CH2-] OR Aliphatic Carbon [-CH3] OR Aliphatic
Nitrogen, one aromatic attach [-N] OR Amino, aliphatic attach [-N<] OR
Aromatic Carbon [C] OR Olefinic carbon [=CH- or =C<] by Organic
functional groups (US EPA) ONLY
Domain
logical expression index: "d"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Amine OR Anion OR Aromatic
compound OR Cation OR Tertiary amine OR Tertiary mixed amine by Organic
functional groups, Norbert Haider (checkmol) ONLY
Domain
logical expression index: "e"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as No alert found by DNA binding by
OASIS v.1.3
Domain
logical expression index: "f"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as AN2 OR AN2 >> Nucleophilic
addition to alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds OR AN2 >>
Nucleophilic addition to alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds >>
alpha, beta-Unsaturated Aldehydes OR AN2 >> Schiff base formation OR AN2
>> Schiff base formation >> alpha, beta-Unsaturated Aldehydes OR Michael
addition OR Michael addition >> Quinone type compounds OR Michael
addition >> Quinone type compounds >> Quinone methides OR Radical OR
Radical >> Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) OR Radical >>
Radical mechanism via ROS formation (indirect) >> Single-Ring
Substituted Primary Aromatic Amines OR Radical >> ROS formation after
GSH depletion OR Radical >> ROS formation after GSH depletion >> Quinone
methides OR SN1 OR SN1 >> Alkylation after metabolically formed
carbenium ion species OR SN1 >> Alkylation after metabolically formed
carbenium ion species >> Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives OR
SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation OR
SN1 >> Nucleophilic attack after metabolic nitrenium ion formation >>
Single-Ring Substituted Primary Aromatic Amines OR SN2 OR SN2 >>
Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related OR SN2 >> Alkylation,
direct acting epoxides and related >> Epoxides and Aziridines OR SN2 >>
Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and related after P450-mediated
metabolic activation OR SN2 >> Alkylation, direct acting epoxides and
related after P450-mediated metabolic activation >> Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbon Derivatives OR SN2 >> Direct acting epoxides formed after
metabolic activation OR SN2 >> Direct acting epoxides formed after
metabolic activation >> Quinoline Derivatives OR SN2 >> SN2 at an
activated carbon atom OR SN2 >> SN2 at an activated carbon atom >>
Quinoline Derivatives by DNA binding by OASIS v.1.3
Domain
logical expression index: "g"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Bioavailable by Lipinski Rule
Oasis ONLY
Domain
logical expression index: "h"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Group 14 - Carbon C AND Group 15
- Nitrogen N AND Group 17 - Halogens Cl AND Group 17 - Halogens
F,Cl,Br,I,At by Chemical elements
Domain
logical expression index: "i"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Group 3 - Lanthanoids OR Group
1 - Alkali Earth Li,Na,K,Rb,Cs,Fr OR Group 10 - Trans.Metals Ni,Pd,Pt OR
Group 11 - Trans.Metals Cu,Ag,Au OR Group 12 - Trans.Metals Zn,Cd,Hg OR
Group 13 - Metalloids B OR Group 13 - Metals Al,Ga,In,Tl OR Group 14 -
Metalloids Si,Ge OR Group 14 - Metals Sn,Pb OR Group 15 - Phosphorus P
OR Group 16 - Oxygen O OR Group 16 - Selennm Se OR Group 16 - Sulfur S
OR Group 17 - Halogens Br OR Group 17 - Halogens F OR Group 17 -
Halogens I OR Group 2 - Alkaline Earth Be,Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba,Ra OR Group 3 -
Trans.Metals Sc,Y OR Group 4 - Trans.Metals Ti,Zr,Hf OR Group 5 -
Trans.Metals V,Nb,Ta OR Group 6 - Trans.Metals Cr,Mo,W OR Group 7 -
Trans.Metals Mn,Tc,Re OR Group 8 - Trans.Metals Fe,Ru,Os OR Group 9 -
Trans.Metals Co,Rh,Ir by Chemical elements
Domain
logical expression index: "j"
Referential
boundary: The
target chemical should be classified as Aliphatic Carbon [CH] AND
Aliphatic Carbon [-CH2-] AND Aliphatic Carbon [-CH3] AND Aliphatic
Nitrogen, one aromatic attach [-N] AND Amino, aliphatic attach [-N<] AND
Aromatic Carbon [C] AND Olefinic carbon [=CH- or =C<] by Organic
functional groups (US EPA) ONLY
Domain
logical expression index: "k"
Similarity
boundary:Target:
CN(C)c1ccc(C(=C2C=CC(=N{+}(C)(C).Cl{-})C=C2)c2ccc(N(C)C)cc2)cc1
Threshold=10%,
Dice(Atom centered fragments)
Atom type; Count H attached; Hybridization
Domain
logical expression index: "l"
Parametric
boundary:The
target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is >= 0.228
Domain
logical expression index: "m"
Parametric
boundary:The
target chemical should have a value of log Kow which is <= 1.75
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not sensitising)
- Additional information:
Skin sensitization
In different studies, N-(4-{bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)-N-methylmethanaminium chloride (548-62-9)has been investigated for potential of skin sensitization to a greater or lesser extent. The studies are based on in vivo experiments in guinea pig and human for target chemical N-(4-{bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)-N-methylmethanaminium chloride (548-62-9) and its structurally similar read across substancesBasic Violet 1(8004 -87-3),the predicted data using the OECD QSAR toolbox has also been compared with the experimental data of read across.
The skin sensitization potential of N-(4-{bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)-N-methylmethanaminium chloride (548-62-9)was estimated by SSS (2017) using OECD QSAR toolbox v3.3 with log kow as the primary descriptor and considering the six closest read across substances of N-(4-{bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)-N-methylmethanaminium chloride (548-62-9) was predicted to be not sensitizing to the skin of male and female Dunkin-Hartley guinea pig .
The experimental study conducted by Joe Dinardo, Raleigh, Nc and Zoe Diana Draelos (j. Cosmet, Sci 58, 209-214 (May/June2 007) ,The skin sensitization study of Basic Violet 3 (548-62-9) was performed by Buehler test and the Klecak method for open epicutaneous testing (OET) in 10 guinea pigs. In induction phase, induction given using0.1ml of 10% solution in polyethylene glycol (PG) on left flank (1.8-cm circular area) by topical application for three times weekly ( Monday, Wednesday Friday) for three consecutive weeks. 0.5% 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in ethanol used as positive control. In challenge phase, After 2 weeks rest period, challenge application given in doseconcentration0.1ml of10% , 5%, 2.5% in PG on right flank. Evaluation done 24hr and 48 hr after challenge application. No indication of skin sensitization was observed. Hence it is considered that Basic Violet 3(548-62-9) was not skin sensitizing in guinea pig by Buehler test and the Klecak method for open epicutaneous testing (OET).
Also it is further Supported by experimental study conducted byJA Torres, J Sastre, M De las Heras,L Requena, R del Haro, A Cazorla(J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2009; Vol. 19(1): 64-79)In skin sensitization study, 1 female volunteer was tested by maximization test at a concentration of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 2% in water by open and closed patch. No reaction was observed after 48 and 96 hr, therefore, the basic violet 3(548-62-9) was considered to be not sensitizing to human.
In another experimental study conducted by Catherine Diamante, et al.( International Journal of Toxicology 28(Suppl 3) 193S-204S, 2010) 11 volunteers were tested by maximization test using basic violet 3. Test material was applied for 20-24 hr and evaluated after 6 -7 days. Because the skin was colored by the tested dyes, it was not possible to evaluate the erythematous reaction. Clinical sings like itching+; isolated papules+; edema, confluent papules, and infiltration++; or vesicular reaction+++ were observed which showed positive reaction for test material in 8 volunteers. Therefore, basic violet 3(548-62-9) was considered to be sensitizing to humans.
The experimental study conducted by Joe Dinardo, Raleigh, Nc and Zoe Diana Draelos (j. Cosmet, Sci 58, 209-214 (May/June2 007) , to evaluate the skin sensitizing potential of read across substance Basic Violet 1(8004 -87-3) in guinea pig. The skin sensitization study of Basic Violet 1(8004 -87-3) was performed by Buehler test and the Klecak method for open epicutaneous testing (OET) in 10 guinea pigs. In induction phase, induction given using0.1ml of 10% solution in polyethylene glycol (PG) on left flank (1.8-cm circular area) by topical application for three times weekly ( Monday, Wednesday Friday) for three consecutive weeks. 0.5% 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in ethanol used as positive control. In challenge phase, After 2 weeks rest period, challenge application given in dose concentration0.1ml of10% , 5%, 2.5% in PG on right flank.Evaluation done 24hr and 48 hr after challenge application. No indication of skin sensitization was observed. Hence it is considered that Basic Violet 1 (8004 -87 -3)was not skin sensitizing in guinea pig by Buehler test and the Klecak method for open epicutaneous testing (OET).
Thus based on the above predictions on N-(4-{bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)-N-methylmethanaminium chloride (548-62-9)as well as its read across and applying weight of evidence, it can be concluded that N-(4-{bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methylene}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)-N-methylmethanaminium chloride (548-62-9) is not a skin sensitizer. Expect report given by Catherine Diamante, et al.( International Journal of Toxicology 28(Suppl 3) 193S-204S, 2010) as this is not detailed study and also no of volunteers are not sufficient and it was not possible to evaluate the erythematous reaction because skin was colored by the tested dyes. Hence we cannot consider this study for assessment. Thus comparing the above studies with the criteria of CLP regulation, 4,7-Dichloroquinoline (86-98-6) can be considered as not classified for skin sensitization
Respiratory sensitisation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Justification for classification or non-classification
Thus comparing the above studies with the criteria of CLP regulation, 4,7-Dichloroquinoline (86-98-6) can be considered as not classified for skin sensitization
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