Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 214-787-5 | CAS number: 1194-65-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in soil
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in soil: simulation testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 18 April 2002 to 25 November 2003
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: SETAC Document 'Procedures for Assessing the Environmental Fate and Ecotoxicology of Pesticides (March 1995)'
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test type:
- laboratory
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Soil classification:
- other: BS 3882
- Year:
- 1 994
- Soil no.:
- #1
- Soil type:
- clay loam
- % Org. C:
- 3.9
- pH:
- 7.6
- CEC:
- 35.5 meq/100 g soil d.w.
- Soil no.:
- #2
- Soil type:
- silty clay loam
- % Org. C:
- 3.6
- pH:
- 6.1
- CEC:
- 29.5 meq/100 g soil d.w.
- Soil no.:
- #3
- Soil type:
- loamy sand
- % Org. C:
- 1.1
- pH:
- 5.9
- CEC:
- 10.5 meq/100 g soil d.w.
- Details on soil characteristics:
- SOIL COLLECTION AND STORAGE
- Geographic location: Land Research Associates (Derby, UK) and LandLook (Leamington Spa, UK)
- Pesticide use history at the collection site: none within the previous 5 years
- Storage conditions: under aerobic conditions at approximately 4 °C - Soil No.:
- #1
- Duration:
- 273 d
- Soil No.:
- #2
- Duration:
- 273 d
- Soil No.:
- #3
- Duration:
- 273 d
- Soil No.:
- #1
- Initial conc.:
- 8.1 mg/kg soil d.w.
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Soil No.:
- #2
- Initial conc.:
- 8.1 mg/kg soil d.w.
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Soil No.:
- #3
- Initial conc.:
- 8.1 mg/kg soil d.w.
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- CO2 evolution
- Soil No.:
- #1
- Temp.:
- 20 ± 2 ºC
- Microbial biomass:
- 89.4 mg C/100g
- Soil No.:
- #2
- Temp.:
- 20 ± 2 ºC
- Microbial biomass:
- 46 mg C/100g
- Soil No.:
- #3
- Temp.:
- 20 ± 2 ºC
- Microbial biomass:
- 24.6 mg C/100g
- Details on experimental conditions:
- 1. PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTS:
Performed using same procedure as main study.
2. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
- Soil preincubation conditions: 9 days under aerobic conditions and continuous aeration in the dark at 20 ± 2 ºC.
- Soil condition: fresh
- Soil (g/replicate): 50
- No. of replication controls, if used: 7 prior and 7 termination control soil samples
- No. of replication treatments: 10 per soil
- Test apparatus (Type/material/volume): 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks
- Details of traps for CO2 and organic volatile, if any: sodium hydroxide traps and expanded polyurethane for volatile [14C]-dichlobenil
Test material application
- Volume of test solution used/treatment: 100 µL
- Application method: applied on surface
Any indication of the test material adsorbing to the walls of the test apparatus: No
Experimental conditions (in addition to defined fields)
- Continuous darkness: Yes
3. OXYGEN CONDITIONS (delete elements as appropriate)
- Methods used to create the an/aerobic conditions: moist, CO2 free-air applied twice weekly for 15 minutes at approximately 20-25 mL/min.
4. SAMPLING DETAILS
- Sampling intervals: 0, 14, 28, 56, 84, 112, 182 and 273 days after application.
- Sampling method for soil samples: removal of incubation flask.
- Method of collection of CO2 and volatile organic compounds: sodium hydroxide traps and expanded polyurethane for volatile [14C]-dichlobenil, - Soil No.:
- #1
- % Recovery:
- 110.67
- Remarks on result:
- other: Day 273
- Soil No.:
- #2
- % Recovery:
- 103.49
- Remarks on result:
- other: Day 273
- Soil No.:
- #3
- % Recovery:
- 94.63
- Remarks on result:
- other: Day 273
- Key result
- Soil No.:
- #1
- DT50:
- 77.9 d
- Type:
- (pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Rate of degradation
- Key result
- Soil No.:
- #1
- DT50:
- 75.3 d
- Type:
- (pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Rate of dissipation (including volatilisation)
- Key result
- Soil No.:
- #2
- DT50:
- 70.7 d
- Type:
- (pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Rate of degradation
- Key result
- Soil No.:
- #2
- DT50:
- 65.4 d
- Type:
- (pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Rate of dissipation (including volatilisation)
- Key result
- Soil No.:
- #3
- DT50:
- 100.5 d
- Type:
- (pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Rate of degradation
- Key result
- Soil No.:
- #3
- DT50:
- 79.7 d
- Type:
- (pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
- Remarks on result:
- other: Rate of dissipation (including volatilisation)
- Transformation products:
- yes
- No.:
- #1
- Evaporation of parent compound:
- yes
- Volatile metabolites:
- not specified
- Residues:
- no
- Details on results:
- Quantitative recoveries of applied radioactivity (approximately 95-111 %) were obtained at all sampling time-points. The recovery of applied radioactivity in methanol extracts of the loamy sand, clay loam and silty clay loam soils decreased from quantitative values at Day 0 to approximately 54, 76 and 57 % respectively at Day 273. Significant volatilisation of [14C]dichlobenil occurred, and at Day 273 volatile [14C]dichlobenil accounted for approximately 50, 13 and 18 % of the applied radioactivity in the loamy sand, clay loam and silty clay loam respectively. Insignificant amounts of 14CO2 were recovered from each of the soil types.
Chromatographic analysis of soil extracts revealed two components. [14C]dichlobenil accounted for between approximately 5 to 100 % of applied radioactivity over the period of the study and 2,6-dichlorobenzamide accounted for up to 47, 69 and 63 % in loamy sand, clay loam and silty clay loam soils respectively.
Chromatographic analysis of polyurethane plug extracts revealed only one component, [14C]dichlobenil.
The DT50 and DT90 values in loamy sand, based on the degradation (excluding volatilisation) of [14C]dichlobenil, were 100.5 and 333.7 days respectively. The corresponding values in the clay loam and silty clay loam soil were slightly lower at 77.9 and 258.7 days and 70.7 and 235.0 days respectively. The DT50 and DT90 values, based on degradation and dissipation, were 79.7 and 264.7 days, 75.3 and 250.3 days and 65.4 and 217.2 days, for loamy sand, clay loam and silty clay loam soil, respectively. The DT50 and DT90 values for the 3 soils (excluding volatilisation as well as including volatilisation) are tabulated below.
The rate of degradation was decreasing towards the end of the study. This was likely to be due to a decrease in microbial activity, and as a consequence, it is probable that the rate of degradation in the environment would be greater than that determined in this study.
The distribution patterns of the applied radioactivity can be found in the attached Figures. - Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the test, the DT50 values for the test material range from 70.7 to 100.5 days (excluding volatilisation) and from 65.4 to 79.7 days including volatilisation. The only major metabolite observed in all three soils was 2,6-dichlorobenzamide.
- Executive summary:
In a GLP compliant aerobic degradation study conducted in line with sound scientific principles (and to guideline SETAC Document 'Procedures for Assessing the Environmental Fate and Ecotoxicology of Pesticides (March 1995)'), the aerobic degradation of the test material was determined. [14C]dichlobenil was added to samples of loamy sand, clay loam and silty clay loam at 8.1 mg/kg and the samples were incubated at 24 ºC in the dark. After 0, 14, 28, 56, 84, 112, 182 and 273 days, a soil sample was analysed. The DT50 values were determined to be 70.7-100.5 days (excluding volatilisation) and 65.4-79.7 days (including volatilisation). The only major metabolite observed in all three soils was 2,6-dichlorobenzamide.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in soil: simulation testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- October 1988 to 21 December 1989
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EPA Guideline 162-1
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test type:
- laboratory
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Soil classification:
- USDA (US Department of Agriculture)
- Soil no.:
- #1
- Soil type:
- sandy loam
- % Clay:
- 4.8
- % Silt:
- 20.2
- % Sand:
- 75
- % Org. C:
- 1.5
- pH:
- 5.3
- CEC:
- 5.3 meq/100 g soil d.w.
- Details on soil characteristics:
- SOIL COLLECTION AND STORAGE
- Geographic location: Udenhout, The Netherlands
PROPERTIES OF THE SOILS (in addition to defined fields)
- Moisture at 1/3 atm (%): 12.3 % - Soil No.:
- #1
- Duration:
- 50 wk
- Soil No.:
- #1
- Initial conc.:
- 2.1 mg/kg soil d.w.
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- CO2 evolution
- other: Measurement of 2,6-dichlorobenzamide in KOH solution (necessary due to volatility of test material).
- Details on experimental conditions:
- 1. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
- Soil preincubation conditions (duration, temperature if applicable): 24 ºC for 15 days
- Soil (g/replicate): 42.8 g
- No. of replication treatments: 27
- Test apparatus (Type/material/volume): biometer flasks
- Details of traps for CO2 and organic volatile, if any: absorption tube
Test material application
- Volume of test solution used/treatment: 1 mL
Experimental conditions (in addition to defined fields)
- Continuous darkness: Yes
Other
- 25 mL KOH was added to each flask at the same time as the test substance was added and refreshed (in remaining flasks) every 5 weeks
2. SAMPLING DETAILS
- Sampling intervals: 0, 2, 501, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 weeks (3 flasks each week) - Key result
- Soil No.:
- #1
- DT50:
- 13 wk
- Type:
- (pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
- Remarks on result:
- other: considering metabolism as well as evaporation
- Key result
- Soil No.:
- #1
- DT50:
- 46.3 wk
- Type:
- (pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
- Remarks on result:
- other: considering metabolism only
- Transformation products:
- yes
- No.:
- #1
- Details on transformation products:
- - Description of biotransformation pathway:
- Figure attached: Yes - Evaporation of parent compound:
- yes
- Volatile metabolites:
- yes
- Residues:
- yes
- Details on results:
- The results of the determination of the amount of trapped volatiles, extractable and soil bound radioactivity and the amount of test material, 2,6-dichlorobenzannide and other metabolites present in the soil extracts are represented as percentage of the applied dose can be found in Table 1.
Assunning first order kinetics, the following equation can be calculated fronn these data: In(DBN) = 4.46 - 0.043 t. The correlation coefficient (r) of this equation was calculated to be -0.991.
The metabolism of the dichlobenil in sandy loam soil during 50 weeks resulted in the formation of two metabolites. The major metabolite was 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM), present for 13% of the initially added amount. A minor metabolite, which could not be identified, accounted for at most 1.2% of the initially added amount of radioactivity. The postulated pathway of dichlobenil degradation in soil is provided in Figure 1. - Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the test, the half-life of the test material in sandy loam was calculated to be 13 weeks when metabolism and evaporation were taken into account. When considering metabolism on its own, the half-life of the test material was calculated to be 46.3 weeks.
- Executive summary:
In a GLP compliant aerobic soil metabolism study conducted in line with standardised guideline EPA 162-1, the aerobic soil metabolism of the test material was determined. [14C]dichlobenil was added to samples of sandy loam at 2.1 mg/kg and the samples were incubated at 24 ºC in the dark. After 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 weeks each, three soil samples were analysed. The metabolism of the test material in sandy loam resulted in the formation of two metabolites, 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (13 % of radioactivity) and an unidentified metabolite (1.2 % of radioactivity). The half-life of the test material in sandy loam was calculated to be 13 weeks when metabolism and evaporation were taken into account. When considering metabolism on its own, the half-life was calculated to be 46.3 weeks.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1: Mean recovery (percentage of applied [14C]-dichlobenil) of trapped volatiles, extractables and soil-bound radioactivity in sandy loam after treatment with [14C]-dichlobenil
Trapped volatiles | Extractable | ||||||||
Incubation time in weeks | Total [14C] | CO2 | DBN | Total [14C] | DBN | BAM | METAB | TBR | Total recovery |
0 | - | - | - | 101 | 101 | <0.1 | <0.1 | <0.2 | 101 |
2 | 14.8 | 0.1 | 13.3 | 80.7 | 80.3 | 0.4 | <0.1 | 22 | 97.8 |
5 | 19.0 | 0.7 | 18.0 | 74.2 | 71.7 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 5.1 | 98.2 |
10 | 39.2 | 0.7 | 37.2 | 52.9 | 49.8 | 1.3 | <0.1 | 5.8 | 97.8 |
20 | 46.0 | 1.9 | 41.9 | 44.4 | 35.6 | 7.3 | 1.2 | 8.2 | 98.5 |
30 | 63.9 | 1.5 | 61.0 | 26.8 | 20.6 | 5.2 | 0.6 | 8.2 | 98.9 |
40 | 62.3 | 2.7 | 58.5 | 26.1 | 16.2 | 8.4 | 0.5 | 8.0 | 96.4 |
50 | 61.0 | 2.3 | 56.8 | 26.7 | 11.6 | 13.1 | 0.7 | 10.2 | 97.9 |
Description of key information
The half-life of the test material was determined to be 46.3 weeks according to a study performed in line with EPA Guideline 162-1.
The half-life of the test material was determined to be 70.7-100.5 days (excluding volatilisation) and 65.4-79.7 days (including volatilisation) according to a study performed in line with sound scientific principles.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
See 'Environmental Fate and Pathways' endpoint summary.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.