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EC number: 448-100-7 | CAS number: 70441-63-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Skin sensitisation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin sensitisation: in vivo (non-LLNA)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 21 Sep - 15 Oct 1993
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 994
- Report date:
- 1994
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 406 (Skin Sensitisation)
- Version / remarks:
- Adopted in 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Type of study:
- guinea pig maximisation test
- Justification for non-LLNA method:
- The present in vivo study on guinea pigs was performed in 1993 in accordance with the regulatory requirements at that time. The LLNA was not established yet.
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- -
- EC Number:
- 448-100-7
- EC Name:
- -
- Cas Number:
- 70441-63-3
- Molecular formula:
- C9H12FN
- IUPAC Name:
- 4-fluoro-N-(propan-2-yl)aniline
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
In vivo test system
Test animals
- Species:
- guinea pig
- Strain:
- Dunkin-Hartley
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Strain: Hsd/Win:DH (formerly known as Bor:DHPW)
- Source: Harlan Winkelmann GmbH, Borchen (district Paderborn), Germany
- Females nulliparous and non-pregnant: yes
- Microbiological status of animals: SPF-bred
- Age at study initiation: Animals were assumed to be 4 - 7 weeks old, based on body weight data.
- Mean body weight at study initiation: 340 g; range = 284 - 377 g
- Housing: Animals were conventionally housed in Makrolon cages type IV on low-dust wooden granulate (Source: Ssniff Spezialdiäten GmbH, Soest/Westfalen, Germany). Animals were group housed (5 animals/cage during acclimation, 2 - 3 animals/cage during experimental phase).
- Diet: Altromin 3020 - diet for keeping of guinea pigs, Altromin GmbH, Lage, Germany; ad libitum
- Water: tap water of drinking water quality; ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 7 days
- Indication of any skin lesions: Animals were examined and described as free of any symptoms.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 21
- Humidity (%): 40 - 70
- Air changes (per hr): 12 - 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
- IN-LIFE DATES: From: 21 Sep 1993 To: 15 Oct 1993
Study design: in vivo (non-LLNA)
Induction
- Route:
- intradermal and epicutaneous
- Vehicle:
- physiological saline
- Remarks:
- test substance was emulsified (w/v) in saline with Cremophor EL (2 % v/v)
- Concentration / amount:
- intradermal induction: concentration = 1 % (= 4 mg test substance/animal); intradermal injection volume: 0.1 mL
topical induction: concentration: 100 %; epicutaneous treatment with 0.5 mL test substance - Day(s)/duration:
- One week after the intradermal injections the topical induction was initiated. Subsquently to the 48 hours epicutaneous exposure period, the test substance was washed off with sterile physiological saline.
- Adequacy of induction:
- other: Test substance is classified for skin irritation Cat. 2. Signs of skin irritation were not reported/specified for the induction phase. However, it is reported that the day before topical induction, the clipped skin was treated with 10 % SDS in petrolatum.
Challenge
- Route:
- epicutaneous, semiocclusive
- Vehicle:
- other: unchanged (no vehicle) or physiological saline with Cremophor EL (2 %)
- Concentration / amount:
- 0.5 mL of 100 % unchanged test substance (no vehicle)
0.5 mL of 50 % test substance formulation in sterile, physiological saline with Cremophor EL (2 %)
- No. of animals per dose:
- Number of animals in test group: 20
Number of animals in control group: 10 - Details on study design:
- RANGE FINDING TESTS
In a dose range finding test, one animal was subjected to injections of 0.1 mL volume with the following concentrations: 0, 1, 2.5, and 5 %. Each concentration was injected twice. The injection sites were evaluated 24 and 48 hours post injection. 2.5 and 5 % test substance formulation induced a white area encircled with erythema (1 cm). 1 % test substance formulation caused erythema of 0.5 cm size. Based on these observations 1 % was selected as intradermal induction concentration.
Further, four animals were topically treated with 0.5 mL of undiluted test substance. None of the animals was diagnosed with erythema or edema 48 and 72 hours post application. Based on these observations the undiluted test substance was applied for topical induction.
Similarly, a dose range finding study in five animals resulted in no findings 48 and 72 hours after topical application of the undiluted test substance. Therefore, undiluted test substance was used for the challenge dose.
MAIN STUDY
A. INDUCTION EXPOSURE
- No. of exposures: 2 (one intradermal and one epicutaneous)
- Exposure period: intradermal injection (only on the first study day), and 48 h for epicutaneous exposure
- Test groups:
Intradermal (3 pairs of injections):
Injection 1 (cranial): a 1:1 mixture of FCA/physiological saline
Injection 2 (medial): 1 % test substance in physiological saline with 2 % Cremophor EL
Injection 3 (caudal): 1 % test substance in physiological saline with 2 % Cremophor EL in a 1:1 mixture with FCA
Epicutaneous: undiluted test substance
- Control group:
Intradermal (3 pairs of injections):
Injection 1 (cranial): a 1:1 mixture (v/v) FCA/physiological saline
Injection 2 (medial): physiological saline with 2 % Cremophor EL
Injection 3 (caudal): physiological saline with 2 % Cremophor EL in a 1:1 mixture with FCA
Epicutaneous: physiological saline with 2 % Cremophor EL
- Site: shoulder region (intradermal and epicutaneous)
- Frequency of applications: one intradermal induction at the beginning of the study; one epicutaneous induction one week after the intradermal induction
- Duration: Study days 0-8
- Concentrations: intradermal 1 %, epicutaneous100 %
B. CHALLENGE EXPOSURE
- No. of exposures: one challenge
- Day of challenge: three weeks after intradermal induction
- Exposure period: 24 h
- Test groups: one patch with 100 % test substance, one patch with 50 % test substance in physiological saline with 2 % Cremophor EL (both on the left side of the animal), one patch with vehicle physiological saline with 2 % Cremophor EL only, and one untreated patch (both on the right side of the animal)
- Control group: one patch with 100 % test substance, one patch with 50 % test substance in physiological saline with 2 % Cremophor EL (both on the left side of the animal), one patch with vehicle physiological saline with 2 % Cremophor EL, and one untreated patch (both on the right side of the animal)
- Site: right flank (vehicle and untreated patch) and left flank (both test substance patches)
- Concentrations: 100 % and 50 %
- Evaluation (hr after challenge): 48 and 72 h - Challenge controls:
- The control group is actually a challenge control.
- Positive control substance(s):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole
Results and discussion
- Positive control results:
- The reliability of the guinea pig maximisation test was tested in the laboratory with the positive control substance 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, formulated in physiological saline, once per year.
In May 1992, male guinea pigs were subjected to the guinea pig maximisation test with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. Intradermal induction was performed with a 2.5 %, topical induction with a 40 % positive control substance formulation. After the first provocation with 40 % or 12 % substance formulation, 80 % or 55 % of the test animals reacted with skin lesions, respectively. At the second provocation with 3 % and 1 % substance formulation, 15 % of the test animals showed skin findings each. In the control groups skin redness occurred after no provocation.
In July 1993, the experiment was repeated with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and the same induction concentrations. As a result, 80 % and 65 % of the test animals reacted to the first provocation with 40 % and 25 % substance formulation and after the second provocation with 12 % and 6 % substance formulation 80 % and 75 % of the test animals, respectively. In the control group, no reaction (no skin redness) was observed.
Sensitivity and reliability of the maximization test methodology are thus confirmed by both studies.
In the results table under "Results and discussion" only the values of the positive control study performed in July 1993 are included.
In vivo (non-LLNA)
Resultsopen allclose all
- Key result
- Reading:
- 1st reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 48
- Group:
- test chemical
- Dose level:
- 100 %
- No. with + reactions:
- 10
- Total no. in group:
- 20
- Clinical observations:
- erythema
- Key result
- Reading:
- 1st reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 48
- Group:
- test chemical
- Dose level:
- 50 %
- No. with + reactions:
- 3
- Total no. in group:
- 20
- Clinical observations:
- erythema
- Key result
- Reading:
- 2nd reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 72
- Group:
- test chemical
- Dose level:
- 100 %
- No. with + reactions:
- 3
- Total no. in group:
- 20
- Clinical observations:
- erythema
- Key result
- Reading:
- 2nd reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 72
- Group:
- test chemical
- Dose level:
- 50 %
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 20
- Key result
- Reading:
- 1st reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 48
- Group:
- test chemical
- Dose level:
- control patches
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 20
- Key result
- Reading:
- 2nd reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 72
- Group:
- test chemical
- Dose level:
- control patches
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 20
- Key result
- Reading:
- 1st reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 48
- Group:
- negative control
- Dose level:
- 100 %
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 10
- Key result
- Reading:
- 1st reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 48
- Group:
- negative control
- Dose level:
- 50 %
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 10
- Key result
- Reading:
- 2nd reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 72
- Group:
- negative control
- Dose level:
- 100 %
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 10
- Key result
- Reading:
- 2nd reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 72
- Group:
- negative control
- Dose level:
- 50 %
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 10
- Key result
- Reading:
- 1st reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 48
- Group:
- negative control
- Dose level:
- control patches
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 10
- Key result
- Reading:
- 2nd reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 72
- Group:
- negative control
- Dose level:
- control patches
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 10
- Key result
- Reading:
- 1st reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 48
- Group:
- positive control
- Dose level:
- 40%
- No. with + reactions:
- 16
- Total no. in group:
- 20
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of skin sensitisation
- Key result
- Reading:
- 1st reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 48
- Group:
- positive control
- Dose level:
- 25%
- No. with + reactions:
- 13
- Total no. in group:
- 20
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of skin sensitisation
- Key result
- Reading:
- 2nd reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 72
- Group:
- positive control
- Dose level:
- 40%
- No. with + reactions:
- 15
- Total no. in group:
- 20
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of skin sensitisation
- Key result
- Reading:
- 2nd reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 72
- Group:
- positive control
- Dose level:
- 25%
- No. with + reactions:
- 11
- Total no. in group:
- 20
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of skin sensitisation
- Remarks:
- 75% of tested animals showed a positive reaction
- Key result
- Reading:
- rechallenge
- Hours after challenge:
- 48
- Group:
- positive control
- Dose level:
- 12%
- No. with + reactions:
- 14
- Total no. in group:
- 20
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of skin sensitisation
- Key result
- Reading:
- rechallenge
- Hours after challenge:
- 48
- Group:
- positive control
- Dose level:
- 6%
- No. with + reactions:
- 14
- Total no. in group:
- 20
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of skin sensitisation
- Key result
- Reading:
- rechallenge
- Hours after challenge:
- 72
- Group:
- positive control
- Dose level:
- 12%
- No. with + reactions:
- 14
- Total no. in group:
- 20
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of skin sensitisation
- Key result
- Reading:
- rechallenge
- Hours after challenge:
- 72
- Group:
- positive control
- Dose level:
- 6%
- No. with + reactions:
- 14
- Total no. in group:
- 20
- Remarks on result:
- positive indication of skin sensitisation
Any other information on results incl. tables
There were no mortalities during the study period. All animals tolerated the treatment without any clinical signs of toxicity. There was no treatment-related effect on body weights.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (skin sensitising) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- Following intradermal and topical induction with the test substance, challenge of the treated animals resulted in 50 % positive reactions when applying the test substance at 100 %, and 15 % positive reactions at a test substance concentration of 50 %; controls were negative. Positive control data prove the validity of the method and suitability of the test system. Based on these results, the test substance is considered a skin sensitizer and warrants classification and labelling as Cat. 1, H 317, based on GHS criteria.
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