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EC number: 208-436-5 | CAS number: 528-50-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- effects on growth of green algae
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- May 13, 2022 - ongoing
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- Rapid degradation in this study, which may be specific to the medium used, reduces the reliability of this study.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- March 23, 2006
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- LOT No.: L1021174
Appearance: white, dry powder
Expiry date: 28 October 2023
Storage condition: at room temperature, protected from light
Safety precautions: according to MSDS
Purity: 99.54 % - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: 1-100 µg/mL
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- The test solutions used in the test were prepared by mechanical dispersion without using any solubilising agent, as the substance is well water soluble.
A stock solution of 100 mg/L nominal concentration was first prepared by dissolving an amount of 0.1217 g test item in 1217 mL dilution water (OECD Medium). Test solutions of subsequent lower concentrations were prepared by appropriate dilution of this stock solution. After the formulation procedure the algal cells were immediately introduced into the test solutions. - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: Raphidocelis subcapitata (also known as Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata)
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae, University of Göttingen, Nikolausberger Weg 18, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 3 days
- Method of cultivation: The stock cultures are small algal cultures that are planted on agar regularly. These are transferred to fresh medium at least once every two months under standardized conditions according to the test guidelines.
ACCLIMATION
The pre-culture is intended to give an amount of algae suitable for the inoculation of test cultures. The pre-culture was prepared with OECD Medium, incubated under the conditions of the test and used when still exponentially growing, normally after an incubation period of 2 - 4 days. The pre-culture was incubated for three days at this test. The algal cultures used in this study did not contain deformed or abnormal cells.
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: no - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Remarks:
- Reconstituted algal growth medium (OECD Medium, according to OECD 201
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- The temperature was between 23.0 and 23.4 °C measured in the flask and in the range of 22.4 – 23.7 °C measured within the climate chamber.
- pH:
- 7.56 – 8.53
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Based on the results of the preliminary range-finding test the following five nominal test concentrations in a geometric series with a spacing factor of 2 was used in the main test:
6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L. Untreated control group ran in parallel.
The corresponding calculated exposure concentrations (based on analytical measurements; see details in section 8.2) were the followings:
0.99, 1.80, 2.74, 5.04 and 9.97 mg/L.
Biological results and endpoints are based on the measured concentrations (i.e. calculated exposure concentrations). - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass Erlenmeyer flasks of 250 mL volume
- Aeration: no
- Initial cells density: 10000 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: Cell density increased by a factor of 95.5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): not applicable
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes
- Detailed composition if non-standard medium was used: -
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- test medium: Reconstituted algal growth medium (OECD Medium, according to OECD 201)
- Source/preparation of dilution water: deionised water (prepared in TOXI-COOP ZRT. by BWT Christ Ministil and RiOs 5 Smart water purification systems)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes/no
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: 12/12
- Light intensity and quality: The average light intensity measured at the position occupied by algal culture flasks at the start of the test was 7391 lux, which was ensured with fluorescent lamps (wavelength range: 400 – 700 nm).
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: manual cell counting using microscope in each testing flask during the 72-hour test, at 24-hour intervals.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2
- Range finding study: yes, with test concentrations go 0.01, 0,1, 1, 10, 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 21.86 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- >= 14.96 - <= 47.25
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: EC50 is extrapolated, but is clearly higher than the highest measured test concentration (9.97 mg/L)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 3.09 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- >= 1.88 - <= 4.05
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 1.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 4.6 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- >= 3.83 - <= 5.68
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 1.56 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- >= 0.92 - <= 2.08
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 1.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- yield
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): no
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: no - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In a GLP-compliant study according to OECD TG 201 with Raphidocelis subcapitata, cellobiose reduced algae growth with a measured EC50 of 21.86 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
Exponentially-growing cultures of Raphidocelis subcapitata were exposed to cellobiose under defined conditions. The algal growth in relation to a control culture was determined over a fixed test period of 72 hours and, thus, over several algal generations. The test design included three replicates at each test concentration and six replicates for the control, respectively. The algae cell concentration was approximately 104 cells/mL at the start of the test in all of the test cultures. Glass 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks filled up with 100 mL test liquid were used as test vessels. The algae cell concentration was determined by manual cell counting using microscope in each testing flask during the 72-hour test, at 24-hour intervals.
For determination of the test item concentrations, samples were taken from each test concentration and from the control at each day of the test. Concentrations were determined by HPLC-MS/MS method.
72-h EC10, EC20, EC50, NOEC and LOEC were determined for both response variables (average specific growth rate and yield).
Biological results and endpoints are based on the measured concentrations (i.e. calculated exposure concentrations). All validity criteria were met and therefore, the study was considered to be valid.
The following results were obtained:
Endpoints
(0-72 h)Growth rate
[mg/L]Yield
[mg/L]Calculation based on measured concentrations
EC10
3.09
1.56
95 % conf. limits
1.88 – 4.05
0.92 – 2.08
EC20
6.05
2.26
95 % conf. limits
4.78 – 7.54
1.57 – 2.82
EC50
> 9.97* (21.86 calculated)
4.60
95 % conf. limits
14.96 – 47.25
3.83 – 5.68
LOEC
2.74
2.74
NOEC
1.80
1.80
Reference
Nominal concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L plus a concurrent control were tested and analysed from samples taken at the start and 24-h intervals thereafter during the test. The measured concentrations deviated more than 20 % from the nominal during the experiment (as the test item was not stable in OECD medium), therefore, exposure concentrations were calculated based on the analytical measurements in order to express the biological endpoints relative to the measured concentrations. As no reliable analytical data (too high variability between the test groups) was obtained on the third analytical occasion (at 48 h), only the data obtained from the samples taken at the start and at the end of the test was used for calculation in order to determine more exact exposure concentrations. However, by the end of the test period (72 h), measured concentrations were below the analytically measurable range (i.e. < LOQ) in each test group. For that case, a value of half of the LOQ (LOQ/2 = 0.005 mg/L) was used for calculation according to the recommendation of OECD 23 Guidance document (ENV/JM/MONO(2000)6/REV1), section 7.11.2.3 [6]. This high concentration decline was considered to be due to the characterisation of the test item and its behaviour in OECD medium, which was confirmed by the results of the analytical method validation study (Study number: 123-100-6540).
Description of key information
In a GLP-compliant study according to OECD TG 201 with Raphidocelis subcapitata, cellobiose reduced algae growth with a measured EC50 of 21.86 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 21.86 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 1.8 mg/L
Additional information
Rapid degradation in this study, which may be specific to the medium used, reduces the reliability of this study.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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