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EC number: 858-735-5 | CAS number: 2337348-25-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2021-09-28 to 2021-10-27
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Adopted: 2004-04-13
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: all test item concentrations and control (0 h and 48 h), retain samples were taken
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Deep frozen - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: 60 minutes stirring of stock solution at 100 mg/L
- Controls: Test medium control
- Concentration of final test solutions: 100, 50.0, 25.0, 12.5, 6.25 mg/L and control
- Test concentration separation factor: 2.0
- Evidence of undissolved material: Solutions were clear and transparent - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna Straus
- Strain, Daphnia magna (Crustacea, Cladocera) (Straus, 1820), clone: V
- Age at study initiation: young daphnia with age < 24 h
- Method of breeding: Daphnia magna was bred as single culture (1 daphnid per 100 mL) in test medium (a mix of dechlorinated drinking water and deionised water). The pH-value was within a range of 6.0 – 9.0. The dissolved oxygen was above 60 % saturation and the total hardness 140 - 250 mg/L (as CaCO3), corresponding to 7.8 - 14°dH. The animals were fed with single cell green algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus, formerly Scenedesmus subspicatus) at least three times a week.
- Source: Federal Environment Agency in Berlin/Germany
- Feeding during test: None - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Remarks:
- Elendt M4 test medium
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 14°dH (250 mg/L as CaCO3)
- Test temperature:
- 19.7 – 20.4 °C
- pH:
- 7.66 – 8.11
- Dissolved oxygen:
- > 7.87 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 100, 50.0, 25.0, 12.5, 6.25 mg/L
Measured (geometric mean): 132, 61, 26.4, 12.9, 7.23 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: glass beakers
- Type: covered with a glass plate
- Fill volume: 100 mL
- Volume of solution: = 50 mL
- Aeration: None
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4, one additional replicate for physico - chemical measurements without test organisms
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Elendt M4 test medium
- Culture medium different from test medium: yes (a mix of dechlorinated drinking water and deionised water used as culture medium)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 hours photoperiod /8 hours darkness daily
- Light intensity: 1107 lux (mean)
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: no - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 50 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 61 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 82.7 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- 71.1 - 96.1
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 66 mg/L
- 95% CI:
- 57.7 - 75.4
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of control: None
- Immobilisation of control: None
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: All solutions appeared to be clear and colourless. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- ECx: between 0.6 and 2.1 mg/L (only these 2 concentrations tested) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The 24 h and 48 h EC50 are the calculated concentrations where 50 % of the daphnids were immobilised after 24 and 48 hours, respectively.
Due to a lack of immobilisation, the EC50-value after 24 hours was not determined statistically.
The value for EC50 after 48 hours was determined by Spearman-Karber procedure.
The evaluation of data was performed by ToxRat Professional 3.3.0. ToxRat Professional, Version 3.3.0 performs calculations with unrounded values.
The NOEC was established based on the highest concentration at which the immobilisation is not higher than the allowed control immobilisation (= 10 % immobilisation). - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- According to the results of the test, the EC50 (48 h) for immobilisation was determined to be 66.0 mg/L (nominal) and 82.7 mg/L (mean measured). The NOEC (48 h) was set at 50.0 mg/L (nominal) and 61 mg/L (mean measured).
Reference
Validity Criteria of the Study
Control immobilisation: The percentage of immobilisation should be ≤ 10 %. In this study the control immobilisation was 0 %.
Oxygen concentration: The dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test should be ≥ 3 mg/L in all test units. In this test, the dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test was ≥ 7.87 mg/L.
Table 1: Results of the test, 24 h values
| Nominal test item concentration [mg/L] | |||||
| Control | 6.25 | 12.5 | 25.0 | 50.0 | 100 |
| Immobilised daphnids after 24 h | |||||
Replicate 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Replicate 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
Replicate 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Replicate 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Σ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 |
Table 2: Results of the test, 48 h values
| Nominal test item concentration [mg/L] | |||||
| Control | 6.25 | 12.5 | 25.0 | 50.0 | 100 |
| Immobilised daphnids after 48 h | |||||
Replicate 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Replicate 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
Replicate 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
Replicate 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
Σ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 19 |
% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 10 | 95 |
Table 3: Appearance of the test solution
Nominal test item concentration [mg/L] | 0 h | 24 h | 48 h |
Control | Clear and transparent | Clear and transparent | Clear and transparent |
All treatment groups (100, 50.0, 25.0, 12.5 and 6.25 mg/L) | Clear and transparent | Clear and transparent | Clear and transparent |
Table 4: Temperature of the test solutions
| Nominal test item concentration [mg/L] | |||||
| Control | 6.25 | 12.5 | 25.0 | 50.0 | 100 |
Time [h] | Temperature [°C] | |||||
0 fresh | 19.7 | 19.9 | 19.9 | 19.9 | 20.0 | 20.1 |
24 aged | 20.3 | 20.4 | 20.3 | 20.3 | 20.2 | 20.3 |
48 aged | 20.0 | 19.9 | 19.9 | 19.8 | 19.9 | 19.8 |
Mean | 20.0 | 20.1 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.1 |
Std. dev. | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
Mean | 20.0 | |||||
Std. dev. | 0.2 |
Table 5: pH-values of the test solutions
| Nominal test item concentration [mg/L] | |||||
| Control | 6.25 | 12.5 | 25.0 | 50.0 | 100 |
Time [h] | pH | |||||
0 fresh | 7.99 | 8.07 | 8.09 | 8.09 | 8.10 | 8.11 |
24 aged | 7.90 | 7.94 | 7.93 | 7.93 | 7.91 | 7.94 |
48 aged | 7.66 | 7.88 | 7.94 | 7.94 | 7.94 | 7.94 |
Mean | 7.85 | 7.96 | 7.99 | 7.99 | 7.98 | 8.00 |
Std. dev. | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
Mean | 7.96 | |||||
Std. dev. | 0.11 |
Table 6: O2 concentration of the test solutions
| Nominal test item concentration [mg/L] | |||||
| Control | 6.25 | 12.5 | 25.0 | 50.0 | 100 |
Time [h] | Oxygen [mg/L] | |||||
0 fresh | 9.00 | 8.99 | 8.96 | 8.96 | 8.96 | 8.97 |
24 aged | 8.54 | 8.15 | 7.98 | 7.87 | 7.89 | 8.06 |
48 aged | 8.25 | 8.31 | 8.40 | 8.15 | 8.31 | 8.27 |
Mean | 8.60 | 8.48 | 8.45 | 8.33 | 8.39 | 8.43 |
Std. dev. | 0.38 | 0.45 | 0.49 | 0.57 | 0.54 | 0.48 |
Mean | 8.45 | |||||
Std. dev. | 0.42 |
Table 7: Composition of Elendt M4 test medium
Stock solution | Concentration of stock solution | Amount (mL) of stock solution for 60 L final medium | Concentrations in final medium mg/L | |
Calcium chloride | CaCl2 × 2 H2O | 588.16 g/L | 30 | 294 |
Magnesium sulfate | MgSO4 × 7 H2O | 246.6 g/L | 30 | 123 |
Sodium hydrogencarbonate | NaHCO3 | 81.0 g/L | 48 | 64.8 |
Potassium chloride | KCl | 11.6 g/L | 30 | 5.80 |
Cation solution | MnCl2 × 4 H2O | 21.63 g/L | 1 | 0.3605 |
LiCl | 18.36 g/L | 0.306 | ||
RbCl | 4.26 g/L | 0.071 | ||
SrCl2 × 6 H2O | 9.12 g/L | 0.152 | ||
CuCl2 × 2 H2O | 710.8 mg/L | 0.0118 | ||
ZnCl2 | 780 mg/L | 0.0130 | ||
CoCl2 × 6 H2O | 600 mg/L | 0.0100 | ||
Anion solution | NaNO3 | 3.29 g/L | 5 | 0.274 |
H3BO3 | 34.31 g/L | 2.86 | ||
NaBr | 0.192 g/L | 0.0160 | ||
Na2MoO4 × 2 H2O | 0.738 g/L | 0.0615 | ||
KI | 39 mg/L | 0.00325 | ||
Na2SeO3 | 26.3 mg/L | 0.00219 | ||
NH4VO3 | 6.9 mg/L | 0.000575 | ||
Silica solution | Na2 SiO3 × 9 H2O | 120 g/L | 5 | 10.0 |
EDTA- Ferric sulphate solution | Titriplex III × 2 H2O | 5 g/L | 30 | 2.50 |
FeSO4 × 7 H2O | 1.991 g/L | 0.996 | ||
Phosphate solution | KH2PO4 | 8.58 g/L | 1 | 0.143 |
K2HPO4 | 11.04 g/L | 0.184 | ||
Vitamine solution | Thiamindihydrochloride | 4.5 g/L | 1 | 0.0750 |
Cyanocobalamine (B12) | 60 mg/L | 0.00100 | ||
Biotine | 45 mg/L | 0.000750 |
Table 8: Results of the toxic reference test, started on 28 September 2021
K2Cr2O7 | 24 h | 48 h | ||||
[mg/L] | 0.6 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 2.1 | ||
| immobilised daphnids | |||||
Replicate 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | ||
Replicate 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | ||
Replicate 3 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | ||
Replicate 4 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | ||
Σ | 0 | 20 | 0 | 20 | ||
% | 0 | 100 | 0 | 100 |
Description of key information
According to the results of the test, the EC50 (48 h) for immobilisation was determined to be 66.0 mg/L (nominal) and 82.7 mg/L (mean measured). The NOEC (48 h) was set at 50.0 mg/L (nominal) and 61 mg/L (mean measured).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect concentration:
- 82.7 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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