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EC number: 949-117-7 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Surface tension
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- surface tension
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 25-Jul to 02-Aug-2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method A.5 (Surface Tension)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Due to the complex composition of the test item, it was not possible to follow the EC A.5 and OECD 115 guidelines with regard to sample preparation. Therefore the surface tension at a conc. of 90% of the critical micelle concentration was calculated.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 115 (Surface Tension of Aqueous Solutions)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Due to the complex composition of the test item, it was not possible to follow the EC A.5 and OECD 115 guidelines with regard to sample preparation. Therefore the surface tension at a conc. of 90% of the critical micelle concentration was calculated.
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of method:
- ring method
- Surface tension:
- 40.9 mN/m
- Temp.:
- 20 °C
- Conc.:
- 44 mg/L
Reference
Results
The concentration (mg/L), log10 [concentration (mg/L)] and mean surface tension values for the sample solutions are shown in the following table:
Concentration (mg/L) |
Log10 Concentration |
Mean Surface Tension (mN/m) |
Solution pH |
5.021 x 103 |
3.701 |
36.5 |
7.6 |
1.004 x 103 |
3.002 |
37.5 |
6.9 |
301.2 |
2.479 |
38.7 |
6.4 |
100.4 |
2.002 |
40.7 |
6.0 |
30.12 |
1.479 |
44.2 |
5.8 |
10.04 |
1.002 |
52.2 |
5.9 |
3.012 |
0.479 |
62.7 |
5.8 |
1.004 |
0.002 |
66.5 |
5.8 |
0.3012 |
-0.521 |
70.5 |
5.8 |
0.1004 |
-0.998 |
72.0 |
5.8 |
The results were used to plot log10 [concentration (mg/L)] versus surface tension (mN/m).
Line 1 was generated from linear regression of 3 sample solution concentrations for which the surface tension was shown to be concentration dependent and Line 2 was generated from linear regression of 2 sample solution concentrations for which the surface tension was observed to be essentially independent of concentration. The intersection of
these two lines gave the critical micelle concentration and was calculated by solving the two equations:
Line1 equation: y = -18.5x+71.3
Line 2 equation: y = -1.78x +43.0
The sample solution at 100.4 mg/L was not used in generating the two lines. At this concentration the surface tension appeared to be transitioning to Line 2 at a shallower gradient than Line 1.
The sample solutions at 1.004, 0.3012 and 0.1004 mg/L were not used in generating the two lines. At this concentration the surface tension was only slightly affected and was approaching that of purified water.
The CMC was determined to be 48.9 mg/L.
The surface tension at a concentration of 90% of the CMC (44.0 mg/L) was calculated to be 40.9 mN/m using the equation for Line 1.
Discussion
The critical micelle concentration (CMC) is an important characteristic of a surfactant. At low concentrations of surfactant, the surface tension of water is only slightly affected. Increasing the concentration but before reaching the CMC, the surface tension changes significantly. After reaching the CMC and above, the surface tension remains relatively constant or changes with a much more gradual slope.
Below the CMC, a surfactant is considered to be thermodynamically soluble in the water; whereas above the CMC, the solubility of a surfactant in water has been exceeded and the excess surfactant aggregates to form micelles. These micelles have significantly less effect on the surface tension of a solution and are considered not to be in solution. Thus, the water solubility of a surfactant may be expressed in terms of the CMC.
According to criteria stated in EC Method A.5, substances showing a surface tension lower than 60 mN/m under the conditions of this method should be regarded as being surface active.
Conclusion
The critical micelle concentration of the test item was determined to be 49 mg/L at 20.0 ± 0.5 °C.
The surface tension at a concentration of 90% of the CMC (44.0 mg/L) was calculated to be 40.9 mN/m at 20.0 +/- 0.5 °C. The test item was considered to be surface active.
Description of key information
40.9 mN/m at 20 °C (calculated from of 90% of the critical micelle concentration, OECD 115).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Surface tension:
- 40.9
Additional information
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