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EC number: 282-029-0 | CAS number: 84082-82-6 Extractives and their physically modified derivatives such as tinctures, concretes, absolutes, essential oils, oleoresins, terpenes, terpene-free fractions, distillates, residues, etc., obtained from Salix alba, Salicaceae.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- particle size distribution (granulometry)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2019-01-28 to 2019-02-18
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 13320 (Particle size analysis - Laser diffraction methods)
- Version / remarks:
- ISO13320:2009: Particle Size Analysis - Laser Diffraction Methods
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 110 (Particle Size Distribution / Fibre Length and Diameter Distributions - Method A: Particle Size Distribution (effective hydrodynamic radius)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted May 1981
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: CIPAC MT 187: Particle Size Analysis by Laser Diffraction
- Guideline:
- other: ECHA guidance document R.7a
- Version / remarks:
- Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment,
Chapter R.7a: Endpoint specific guidance, version 6.0, July 2017,
European Chemicals Agency - GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of method:
- Laser scattering/diffraction
- Type of particle tested:
- primary particle
- Type of distribution:
- volumetric distribution
- Mass median aerodynamic diameter:
- 21 µm
- Remarks on result:
- other: Approximated from laser diffraction results (see details on results).
- Remarks:
- Standard deviation cannot be given, because two series of measurements (three, each), do result in two final values (continuous measurement). Resulting values are nearly identical (see details on results).
- No.:
- #1
- Size:
- <= 5 µm
- Distribution:
- 10 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: L10
- No.:
- #2
- Size:
- <= 21 µm
- Distribution:
- 50 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: L50
- No.:
- #3
- Size:
- <= 49 µm
- Distribution:
- 90 %
- Remarks on result:
- other: L90
- Conclusions:
- Particle size distribution of the test item (laser diffraction; ISO 13320 & CIPAC MT 187):
median particle size L50 = 21 µm; L10 = 5 µm; L90 = 49 µm - Executive summary:
A reliable and valid study on particle size distribution of the test item using laser diffraction was performed compliant with GLP under consideration of the following guidelines:
CIPAC MT 187: Particle Size Analysis by Laser Diffraction;
ISO13320:2009: Particle Size Analysis - Laser Diffraction Methods;
OECD Test Guideline 110: Particle Size Distribution;
Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.7a: Endpoint specific guidance, version 6.0, July 2017, European Chemicals Agency.
The test item consisted of crystalline particles which appeared irregularly shaped. Malvern Master-Sizer 2000 was used with sample dispersion unit Scirocco 2000.
The mathematical model applied was Fraunhofer-diffraction for opaque and spherical particles.
The control software automatically performed three measurements. The average of these three measurements was given as result. Two test series of three measurements each were performed. The measurement time was 8 s.
Replicate measurements were identical or very close to each other. The following final results were obtained from these particle size distributions:
Average (n=2) median particle size L50 (D (v, 0.5) (50 % of particle volume or particle mass with lower particle diameter):
L50 = 21 µm
Average (n=2) particle size L10 (D (v, 0.1) (10 % of particle volume or particle mass with lower particle diameter):
L10 = 5 µm
Average (n=2) particle size L90 (D (v, 0.9) (90 % of particle volume or particle mass with lower particle diameter):
L90 = 49 µm.
Based on the specific properties of the test item, the L50 as determined from laser diffraction will approximately equal the MMAD.
Reference
The test item consisted of crystalline particles which appeared irregularly shaped.
The particle size distributions determined in the first and second test series are shown in the attached illustration, respectively. For each test series fractions (left axis of the ordinate) and the siftings (right axis of the ordinate) are presented in percent by volume as a function of the particle size. Median values were calculated from unrounded values.
The median particle size L50 (D (v, 0.5): 50 % of particle volume or particle mass with lower particle diameter) deduced from these distributions were:
1st test series: L50 = 20.6 µm
2nd test series: L50 = 20.4 µm
The average of the median particle size L50was:
L50= 21 µm
The particle size L10 (D (v, 0.1): 10 % of particle volume or particle mass with lower particle diameter) deduced from these distributions were:
1st test series: L10 = 4.5 µm
2nd test series: L10 = 4.5 µm
The average of the particle size L10was:
L10= 5 µm
The particle size L90 (D (v, 0.9): 90 % of particle volume or particle mass with lower particle diameter) deduced from these distributions were:
1st test series: L90 = 49.1 µm
2nd test series: L90 = 48.2 µm
The average of the particle size L90 was:
L90= 49 µm
The maxima of the particle size distribution were observed at approximately 1 µm (small peak) and approximately 25 µm (predominant peak).
The measurement using laser diffraction delivers a volume-weighted mean diameter L50. For spherical, non-porous particles of unit density L50 is the same as the Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter (MMAD). If the particle density is higher than unity (test item 1.48), the MMAD is higher than L50; in case of non-spherical particles (applies to the test item: irregular shape) the MMAD will generally be smaller than the volume equivalent size reported by laser diffraction (L50). If the test item consists of a homogeneous material, with a constant density, the volume based distribution equals to the mass based distribution. This most probably applies to the test item (crystalline particles). According to Boer (thesis, 2005), "... density and shape factor (both being > 1) normally widely compensate each other." This applies to densities >1 between 1.2 to 1.5 g/cm^3 (test item: 1.48) and shapes differing from spheres (e.g. cylinder with l/d =4). Accordingly, for the test item MMAD will be approximately equal to L50.
Boer, A. H. D. (2005). Optimisation of dry powder inhalation: The application of air classifier and laser diffraction technology for the generation and characterisation of aerosols from adhesive mixtures. [Groningen]: [S.n.].
Description of key information
Particle size distribution of the test item (laser diffraction; ISO 13320 & CIPAC MT 187):
Median particle size L50 = 21 µm;
L10 = 5 µm;
L90 = 49 µm
Based on the specific properties of the test item, the L50 as determined from laser diffraction will approximately equal the MMAD.
Additional information
A reliable and valid study on particle size distribution of the test item using laser diffraction was performed compliant with GLP under consideration of the following guidelines:
CIPAC MT 187: Particle Size Analysis by Laser Diffraction;
ISO13320:2009: Particle Size Analysis - Laser Diffraction Methods;
OECD Test Guideline 110: Particle Size Distribution;
Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.7a: Endpoint specific guidance, version 6.0, July 2017, European Chemicals Agency.
The test item consisted of crystalline particles which appeared irregularly shaped. Malvern Master-Sizer 2000 was used with sample dispersion unit Scirocco 2000.
The mathematical model applied was Fraunhofer-diffraction for opaque and spherical particles.
The control software automatically performed three measurements. The average of these three measurements was given as result. Two test series of three measurements each were performed. The measurement time was 8 s.
Replicate measurements were identical or very close to each other. The following final results were obtained from these particle size distributions:
Average (n=2) median particle size L50 (D (v, 0.5) (50 % of particle volume or particle mass with lower particle diameter):
L50 = 21 µm
Average (n=2) particle size L10 (D (v, 0.1) (10 % of particle volume or particle mass with lower particle diameter):
L10 = 5 µm
Average (n=2) particle size L90 (D (v, 0.9) (90 % of particle volume or particle mass with lower particle diameter):
L90 = 49 µm.
Based on the specific properties of the test item, the L50 as determined from laser diffraction will approximately equal the MMAD.
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